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Qualitative study on social exchange theory
Theory of conflict management
Theory of conflict management
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Throughout lecture this semester, numerous theories stuck out to me for different reasons. I found each theory had a certain aspect that made me ponder how I could associate and apply it my personal life, as well as my future professional life. Being able to hear about personal stories relevant to my future career helped me further understand and process the whole theory in a better way. Within this paper I will discuss which theory helped me learn about myself, which one I can apply to my future career, and what can be changed to make this class even better for upcoming semesters. In regards to which theory best helped me learn more about myself, I think the Social Exchange Theory was that theory. There were assumptions within this theory that stood out to me, and made me look at my actions and behaviors …show more content…
in a different light. For instance, the assumption that people are motivated by self-interest was something I had really not thought of before. The more I thought about it though; I started to realize how accurate this really was, even when looking at myself. In regards to this assumption, I am constantly listing out pros and cons when I am trying to decide the right move, or trying to figure out which option to choose. When doing this, I always take into consideration which option will provide me with the best outcome. I feel like this is pretty much the same for all individuals. Most individuals would not choose an option where the cons outweigh the positives. Also, I feel like the term reciprocity fits in well with my outlook on life. Although I do believe you should help others to the most of your capabilities, if you are going to constantly be there for someone and support them then I feel like they need to do the same for you. It is hard when you are constantly there for someone when they are having a rough time, but when you are the one that needs the help they are nowhere to be found. I have learned this from personal experiences, when this happens it sort of makes you want to take a step back and revaluate. Moving on, I think the Conflict Theory will be help me the most in regards to my future career. I am having a hard time coming to a concrete decision on what my future career actually looks like, but I think whether it be in the field of social work or counseling, this theory will be beneficial. I think understanding that conflict is a normal and even beneficial thing for families to go through, will be a must for succeeding in my future career. Having a complete knowledge regarding the assumptions this theory are essential in providing my future clients with the best help I can offer. The assumption that conflicts can be positive because we learn from it, will be important for me to understand, as well as my clients to understand as a way to successfully help my future clients. Also, the assumption that societies operate under a perpetual scarcity of resources will be important to understand, so I can see where my client happens to fall in regards to the amount of resources they hold. Another assumption that will be helpful to keep in mind is that group dynamics are different in families than other groups.
Understanding that families function and use resources differently will be essential in remaining successful within my future career. I will have to remember that when working with families as a whole compared to one client individually will acquire me to use different skills and resources in order to better help the clients. Having a full knowledge on the definition of conflict is important, due to the fact that many of my clients will most likely be coming to me due to a conflict that is affecting their life. Along with this, I will need to know different examples of conflict management to suggest for my clients as a way to help them. I am going to have to understand the different types of managements and find the ones that will be best suited for my client or clients. Similar to this, the term conflict resolution will be important to keep in mind when helping my clients. This will be hoped end result in regards to helping the individual. By reaching conflict resolution, my client will no longer be struggling from the conflict at
hand. In all, I believe that this class has provided me with essential skills and knowledge that will further help me succeed in my future career. All of these different theories will also be beneficial within my personal life. Being able to further apply these theories into my personal life will help me come to understand why I react and how I behave to certain interactions. I enjoyed many aspects of this class, whether it is the personal examples Dr. Daniels shared with us that would help me remember the content of the lecture or the happy notes to start off the early morning class. When trying to think of some ways to make this class better, I sort of had a hard time coming up with ideas. One thing that did end up coming to mind was the grade book in D2l. Throughout the semester I was a little stressed because I was not completely sure what my grade really was. I understand things come up, so it was not anything that really ruined my experience within the class! Thank you for the great semester Dr. Daniels.
This particular clip from Friends made me think of another notable reality television show, The Bachelor, which also demonstrates the social exchange theory. This theory has the role in explaining why people stay in relationships. This social exchange theory yearns for some sort of reward that can encompass in companionship or even as a financial investment. The idea of companionship can be related to the television show, The Bachelor, which exhibits the male constantly weighting the cost and benefit of each woman. Each person in the show is competing for a chance at love, ultimately trying to win someones heart. The reward in it all, is the hope in finding their potential wife or husband. The example from the video clip down below, shows the
The purpose of this paper is to explore conflict and ways to manage it. I chose to explore this topic in depth because conflict touches all of our lives. Whether it is at work or in our personal lives. Like most people when you have a bad day at work; I have a tendency to bring the frustration home. Frustration at work causes me to be in a bad mood; hence that makes me argue with my spouse.
The purpose of higher education is that it fosters and produces the skills and knowledge for individual self-growth, drives innovation, and challenges societal norms (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2011). For an individual student, higher education is seen as a place that cultural capital is obtained or challenge, in which students are able to reconstruct their identity in society (Corey et al. 2011). Self-growth for an individual is not only limit to cultural or social growth, but also pertains to career exploration through the courses and the work related experience they are exposed to in higher education. The theory that I chose to analyze in this paper is the constructivist approach with a dual use of both the Solution-Focused Therapy
The theory I originally chose to critique was the Social Exchange and Rational Choice framework from our class book. I chose this theory because when we talked about it in class it made a lot of sense to me. Its propositions and foundations are very applicable to many situations, and I felt like I had a good grasp of its concepts and structure. However, in doing research for this paper, I discovered that contrary to what our book led me to believe, Social Exchange is a theory entirely separate from Rational Choice theory. So, in keeping with this discovery and despite my better judgment, I will do my best to relay and critique the information I find on either one or both theories and then compare only Social Exchange theory to the Symbolic Interaction framework. Although I will try to get the same information for both theories, there are not many resources which describe Social Exchange theory, and there are far more for Rational Choice theory, so the critique and discussion may be a little lopsided.
Application of career theories to my own life allows for analyzing past and future career decisions. Holland’s Theory of Careers states that one’s vocation is an expression of self, personality, and way of life. There is an indisputable and fundamental difference in the quality of life one experiences if they choose a career one truly enjoys, versus choosing a career one detests. A true testament to the validity of Holland’s theory, my job/career choices reflect my interests, as well as the evolution of my personality (internal self). My first job as a fine jewelry specialist and second job as a make-up artist echo my love of the fashion world. As I matured and became less fascinated by presumed “glamour” careers, I became captivated by physical fitness, nutrition, and medicine; I received my national fitness trainer certificate so that I may become a personal trainer. Nevertheless, my career decisions do not fit uniformly into merely one career theory.
Jennifer Unger & C. Anderson Johnson, “Explaining Exercise Behavior and Satisfaction with Social Exchange Theory,” Perceptual and Motor Skills 81 (1995): 603-608.
Interpersonal conflict is very common with many relationships. It occurs when two people can not meet in the middle or agree on a discussion. Cooperation is key to maintaining a healthy debate. More frequently; when dealing with members of your own family, issues arise that include conflict and resolution. During this process our true conflict management style appears “out of thin air”. (Steve A. Beebe, 2008, p. 191).
In 1969, Travis Hirschi developed what is known as Social Bond Theory. Hirschi built on the work of other social control theorists and was able to provide a better picture of what social bond is. In Social Bond Theory there are four basic elements that make up social bonds. They are attachment, involvement, commitment, and belief. It is these four bonds that all humans hold and ultimately determine conformity or deviant behavior(Agnew, 1985).
Social Exchange Theory (SET), a theory based around basic economic principles, evaluation of relationships; consisting of four measures and has been argued whether or not it’s even a theory at all. Richard M. Emerson, a former theorist suggests that SET is “a frame of references within which many theories –some micro and some macro–can speak to one another, whether in argument or mutual support” (Emerson, 1976, p. 336). SET is based on how humans evaluate relationships by making rational calculations based on costs and rewards, designed to maximize individual profit. What makes the theory difficult to diagnose is defining reward. The theory consists of two economic formulas. The first formula: Rewards – Cost = Net Profit translates to: anything beneficial (rewards) minus costs, which could include finances, parenting skills, family matters or stress equals a net profit. The net profit determines whether or not a relationship is beneficial to the individual. The second formula is: Outcome = Rewards – Cost. This means that a relationship will result in a positive outcome if rewards outweigh costs. A negative outcome is the result of costs outweighing rewards. As we move further into Social Exchange Theory and view critiques and criticisms we’ll examine the economic principles in more detail. First, what must be made clear are the measures of evaluating Social Exchange Theory.
Weeks, D. (1992) The eight essential steps to conflict resolution: preserving relationships at work, at home, and in the community. New York: Tarcher/Putnam.
Disputes or conflicts can arise in any workplace, family home, or institution and they exist when one or more parties disagree with each other’s views and require the help, support, or service of a third party person to find a resolution. A fair and balanced conflict resolution process is important for the most effective outcome between two or more parties. Advocacy and mediation are two of many conflict resolutions that can be used in order to solve a problematic situation. However, certain situations require the skills, processes, and procedures that are exhibited by one more than the other. In some scenarios there may be a need to use both conflict resolutions if one does not proceed accordingly. Understanding the circumstance of the situation is ideal in discovering which conflict resolution would allow parties to come to a mutual agreement or resolution.
This course arises with the aim to develop competences and skills to enhance the future career prospects of university students. This module has had a positive impact in different personal development competences, in communication, self- management, self-confidence and the ability to learn effectively in different learning styles.
Borisoff, D., & Victor, D.A. (1998). Conflict Management: A Communication Skills Approach (2nd Ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
For the past year and a half, this internship has provided opportunities to apply in class theory with real world applications. In addition to honing those specific skills, it has also provided the ability to identify personal strengths and weaknesses while attaining valuable skills. The roles and responsibilities regardin...
Social Exchange theory was created by George Homans in 1958. Since its publication as “Social Behavior as Exchange”, several other theorists like Peter Blau, Richard Emerson, John Thibaut, and Harold Kelley have contributed to the theory. Before diving into the biggest concepts of this theory, two main properties need to be discussed. This theory is all about social exchanges, which are essentially reactions and decisions in relationships. The two properties are self-interest and interdependence. They are the two fundamental interactions between two individuals who each have something of value to the other. When an individual is looking out for their own self-interest, they are looking out for their own economic and psychological needs which can result in things like greed and competition. However, self-interest is not seen as a negative thing; in fact, it can result in both parties achieving their own interests. Interdependence, on the other hand, is harder to study but it is the combination of the two using both their efforts to gain something. Interdependence has higher social implications. Homans, as the founder of the theory, had it say that the theory consists of a social exchange with rewards and costs between at least two people. Rewards are defined as objects that have a positive value and are sought out by individuals. Costs are defined as objects that have a negative value and are avoided by individuals. Rewards in regards to relationships are things like support, friendship, and acceptance, while costs are things like energy spent, time, and money. Essentially this theory states that every individual is trying to maximize their wins or their worth and end up with something that is more positive than negative. Worth equ...