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Race as a social construction
How media affects stereotypes
Race as a social construction
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Throughout American history, the media has played an important role in creating and molding social constructions relating to race and crime. Conceptually, the idea that a persons’ race is driven by external, physical characteristics. However, every human being on the planet shares the exact same number of chromosomes and sequences of deoxyribonucleic acids. Likewise, differing appearances between people hailing from different parts of the world show genetic adaptations to the environment from which they came. Scientifically, all human beings are of one race, limited only by their ability or inability to better their current situation. The media would have a person believe that they are in a bad situation because of what location their genetic …show more content…
The social construction of race is based solely on external physical characteristics of groups of people, with a majority of the construction determined by the coloration of one’s skin. Likewise, people tend to associate with others that are alike in their physical appearance, based on race, in order to remain in their comfort zone. Markedly, the education sector of America has been struck various ways by the social construction of race, leading to increased segregation, both through district boundaries and with the educators themselves. Additionally, the media feeds into the social construct of race by airing entertainment shows the put people into stereotypical situations and communities. Barring the occasional portrayal of role-reversals, the media has firmly established social constructions based on race. More often than not, the media uses the racial construction to link crimes and poverty occurring in low-income neighborhoods. For the most part, the media utilizes the “blocked opportunity” frame to show the myriad of social issues within impoverished areas and the need for government intervention to reverse the descent of societal values. Lastly, the legal system has been the subject of controversy in regards to “victim’s laws,” with few named to honor people of
The majority of our prison population is made up of African Americans of low social and economic classes, who come from low income houses and have low levels of education. The chapter also discusses the amount of money the United States loses yearly due to white collar crime as compared to the cost of violent crime. Another main point was the factors that make it more likely for a poor person to be incarcerated, such as the difficulty they would have in accessing adequate legal counsel and their inability to pay bail. This chapter addresses the inequality of sentencing in regards to race, it supplies us with NCVS data that shows less than one-fourth of assailants are perceived as black even though they are arrested at a much higher rate. In addition to African Americans being more likely to be charged with a crime, they are also more likely to receive harsher punishments for the same crimes- which can be seen in the crack/cocaine disparities. These harsher punishments are also shown in the higher rates of African Americans sentenced to
The criminal justice system is full of inequality and disparities among race, gender, and class. From policing neighborhoods, and the ongoing war on drugs, to sentencing, there are underlying biases and discriminatory practices in the criminal justice system that impacts minority communities and groups. Fueled by stereotypes and generalizations, it is important to identify and discuss what crimes take place and who actually makes it up.
Racial bias in media causes prejudice and discriminatory practices against African-Americans and other minorities groups in America. Today in our society, we are still struggling to overcome racial tension within America because we are over shallow with prejudice and discriminatory images and ideas. Many White Americans feel that the media refuses to report on all crimes committed by blacks against whites, yet report on all crimes committed by whites against blacks. Therefore, they see the media as being not bias. My research will show that African-Americans are over-represented in news reports on crime, and within those stories, they are more likely shown as the perpetrators of the crime than as the persons reacting to or suffering from it. The news media has often been criticized for the way it chooses to portray Latinos and African-Americans.
For much of the twentieth century, punishment and crime have portrayed some of the most powerful signs of the racial divide in the United States. Marginalized and the poor remains the most biased against the criminal justice scheme (Barak, 2010). Throughout the Americas. racial minorities were tried in white courtrooms by white juries. Class and race are challenging.
Racism in American society plays a part in the manner in which the judicial system operates. The American prison population is larger than at any time in the history of the penal system in the world.” Nearly half of the more than two million Americans behind bars are African Americans. These statistics are well known and frequently cited by white and black Americans; for many they define Black humanity”. (Ryan D. King, 2010) Since the end of slavery African Americans were believed to be prone to crime and in general a menace to American Society and are to blame for this disparity. While this minority population has broken the law and deserve retribution they are ultimately products of their environment. In a study conducted as early as the late 20’s concerning minority crime. Thorsten Sellin’s research in “The Negro criminal”; a statistical note (Sellin, 1928) put it in perspective. “the stigmatization of crime as “black” and the masking of crime among whites as isolated failure, was a practice of discriminatory views by a majority white population. “The practice of linking crime to blacks, as a racial group, but not whites, he conclu...
Race has been a controversial issue throughout history and even more so today. The idea of race has contributed to the justifications of racial inequality and has led to the prejudice and discrimination of certain racial groups. Race and racism were constructed to disadvantage people of color and to maintain white power in America. Today, race has been the center of many political changes and actions that have affected people of color. The idea of race has played a role in how people from different racial groups interact amongst each other. Interactions within one’s own racial group are more common than interactions among other racial groups, at least in my own experiences. Therefore, because I have been positioned to surround myself with people from my own racial group since a very young age, I have internalized that being around my own racial group is a normal and natural occurrence.
Racism and discrimination continue to be a prevalent problem in American society. Although minorities have made significant strides toward autonomy and equality, the images in media, specifically television, continue to misrepresent and manipulate the public opinion of blacks. It is no longer a blatant practice upheld by the law and celebrated with hangings and beatings, but instead it is a subtle practice that is perceived in the entertainment and media industries. Whether it’s appearing in disparaging roles or being negatively portrayed in newscasts, blacks continue to be the victims of an industry that relies on old ideas to appeal to the majority. The viscous cycle that is the unconscious racism of the media continues to not only be detrimental to the white consumers, who base what they know about blacks by what is represented in television, but also the black consumers, who grow up with a false sense of identity.
In the past, races were identified by the imposition of discrete boundaries upon continuous and often discordant biological variation. The concept of race is therefore a historical construct and not one that provides either valid classification or an explanatory process. Popular everyday awareness of race is transmitted from generation to generation through cultural learning. Attributing race to an individual or a population amounts to applying a social and cultural label that lacks scientific consensus and supporting data. While anthropologists continue to study how and why humans vary biologically, it is apparent that human populations differ from one another much less than do populations in other species because we use our cultural, rather than our physical differences to aid us in adapting to various environments.
Race as a “…social and historical idea, not biological” (Palaita, Lecture 1/25/18), only works because according to Social Construction Theory, “…these categories work because our complacency allows us to presume that the identities are natural and a group’s social status relies on biology, rather than social/cultural circumstances” (Palaita, Lecture 1/25/18). Our unwillingness to challenge these identities has allowed these categories to be used to determine who will be on the advantageous side of the inequality we face here in the United States. If we no longer accepted these conditions, and change the way social groups are viewed and treated, we may create a new norm and close the inequality gap between social
To understand our existence, we interact with other members of society and develop a set of shared notions, institutions, and structures. Sociology, the systematic study of human society, helps us understand these interactions and developments. In particular, applying the sociological imagination to the social construct of race yields insight into its fallacy and utility. This essay examines the historical origin, functions, and societal implications of race in the United States. I also connect the social construct of race with the writings of Barbara J. Fields, Kingsley Davis, Wilbert E. Moore, Marianne Bertrand, and Sendhil Mullainathan. In a larger context, the social construct of race is a system of schematic classification; race
Throughout time, human beings have gathered, connected and utilized objects for themselves in one way or another to better their lives. These objects are usually collected over a long period of time and stored in museums to remind the community of historical or artistic significance. In the United States, every museum has artifacts that naturally lend themselves to social experiences in the community. It might be a slave whip that triggers museum visitors to share their memories of their grandparent’s experience during the African American slave trade, or a dinosaur’s skeleton that makes people speculate on how the current world would have been with them in it. It could be a piece of art with a mystery that visitors point to one another in amusement, or a compelling historical image, such as the United States dropping the atomic bomb in Hiroshima that makes people discuss its destructiveness. These experiences and artifacts are all objects that are considered social. It can be said that social objects are the fundamental engines of socially network experiences in the community, around which conversation takes
Our values are things that we consider to be important, worthwhile and morally right. These may include equality, honesty, dignity, respect, perseverance and loyalty. Our values are individual and they affect us at a deep subconscious level.
Race is used to place a label on people to categorize people to create a social reality. This social reality not only effects how one perceives their own race but well as other races. The color of a person’s skin has an astonishing impact when it comes to media representation. It’s not only the Muslim community, even African Americans or Hispanics face discrimination due to their skin color. However, focusing only Muslims, the brown skin with dark features such as beards, dark hair and eyebrows automatically categorizes an individual into a specific racial
Social relationships are very important in our society because as humans we are a very social species. The reason we are classified as social species is because we engage in sustained cooperation that is more than just associating with mates. There are many benefits associated with social species such as alloparental care, sharing resources and helping each other out. The two different types of bonding humans partake in include kin bonding and non-kin bonding. Kin relationships are social relations between individuals who are genetically related such as cousins, siblings and parents. Non-kin relationships are relations between individuals who are not genetically related such as friends and acquaintances. Kin relationships is favoured by kin selection because evolutionarily humans have been known to favour the success of their relatives. Therefore to help relatives, humans usually form close relationships with their kin that
“A branch of science that deals with the institutions and functioning of human society and with the interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of a society.” (Merriam Webster)