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Historical development of science and technology
Moral principles ethics case study
Moral principles ethics case study
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Ethical Consumerism In his article, “SkyMall: Pie in the Sky”, Bill McKibben reveals how absurd consumerism has become. He uses the SkyMall catalog placed purposefully in every seat-back pocket on North American airplanes to exhibit the harebrained things people think they need in today’s world. Its products range anywhere from a $4,000 massaging recliner that pampers its user beyond imagination to an ultraviolet toothbrush cleaner and Germ Guardian. The catalog’s audience is obvious. Someone would have to be focusing on themselves and how tired, overworked, paranoid, and spoiled they can possibly be. No one in their right mind would buy these items, but many times ridiculous items like them are bought. Why do people waste their money this way? McKibben points to the instant gratification, laziness, robotic actions, spoiled lives, foolish spending, and selfishness of society to explain this phenomenon (557-559). The …show more content…
idea of instant gratification would’ve seemed ludicrous to our ancestors, but today people expect it and are often angered if it isn’t offered or carried through. This belief further leads to the laziness and procrastination that is poisoning society. Human ancestors were focused on survival and had no option to postpone doing something. Today, our needs are only a few steps, clicks, or minutes away. In our extra time, our minds stay active planning the future while our body doesn’t follow through with the actions necessary to secure those goals. However, our ancestors were also forced to conserve their energy as part of surviving. Using the easiest method to do one thing, they had more energy to do the next. However, methods now are so simple that “conserving energy” has evolved to laziness because few things require considerable effort. Kalman Glantz, a psychotherapist, says “Once there was some reason to continue working even though one’s immediate needs were satisfied, some people turned out to be more future-oriented than others. Some people continued to work when they weren’t hungry or cold or thirsty. And those people called others lazy.” We are easily distracted from intended actions because we readily respond to immediate stimulation and present-moment intrusions. Thus, any behavior that doesn’t create instant rewards is vain. Because we can’t get immediate gratification from the future, we quickly lose interest in it and move on to something more current (Pelusi). The luxurious products in today’s markets serve to make our lives more robotic and mundane than if we actually had to do everything ourselves.
Once again, the growth of intellectual abilities was necessary for our ancestors to survive the harsh conditions of that age. As things became easier, intelligence became less imperative. In early times, someone who wasn’t clever enough to provide for their survival likely died, and through this process only the sharpest of people produced offspring (Kim). However, the idea of humans getting more stupid instead of smarter is very controversial. All the technologies of today’s world were invented by some amazing minds, and the incredibleness of those objects cannot be denied (Pappas). Despite the evidence that human minds are still growing in capacity, the fact still stands true that people are “allowed” to be less intellectually capable and still live quite comfortably. Grand intelligence isn’t necessary. This permits many people to “feed off of” the brilliance of others while still being routine
themselves. Nowadays we focus more on what we want than what we need. Since all our necessities are almost effortlessly supplied, we look elsewhere to spend our money. The new opportunities open up in apparel products and services, tobacco, entertainment equipment and services, alcohol, fees and admissions, vacation homes and hotels, pets, toys, hobbies, playground equipment, television, radio, sound equipment, gifts, and food away from home. None of these things are essential. They’re simply the routes that our extra money takes instead of being saved for the future (McIntyre). The reality that people actually purchase ridiculous items like a $4,000 massaging recliner infers that people are losing budgeting skills. Even during the recession, spending continued as it was before. People still want to enjoy the same luxuries regardless of how practical they are in relation to financial standings (“Teenagers Lack Basic Budgeting Skills”). Everyone enjoys comfort, but constant perfection is actually more of a negative than a positive. However, people often stay in situations that aren’t the best just because they’re comfortable with them. In reality, they’re scared of the unknown. Initiative and chances have to be taken in life to make it more enjoyable. Experiencing the same things over and over again makes life mundane and boring. Life brings unexpected things, so one has to be ready to react to whatever comes. Being in “repeat mode” prevents learning anything new. Many people are content with the bare minimum of life as its routine, but they’re really cheating themselves out of more enjoyment that comes from trying new things (“A Life of Comfort Will Kill You Silently”). In a broad sense, people with more money to spend are generally happier than those who struggle to get by from month to month, but this is not true once one digs deeper into the situations. Being rich alone doesn’t bring happiness. Studies show that people are happier when they give money away than when they spend it lavishly on themselves. When people do spend money on themselves, it’s more profitable if spent on experiences rather than material goods. Life experiences provide more lasting pleasure than material possessions. To the consumer, material goods seem like they will last longer than fleeting experiences, but this simply is not true. The memories and stories that come from experiences provide joy for many years. Also, saving money instead of digging oneself deep into debt provides more happiness. Before buying the unreasonable things, make sure debts and the future are already provided for. Money should first be used for savings. Also, one needs to keep in mind that there are always less fortunate people in the world who could benefit greatly from even minimal donations. These donations are often for their needs, not their wants (Blackman). When one stands back and looks at these practices, their foolishness and unpracticality glares obviously. There are numerous better ways to spend one’s money than on unnecessary luxuries. It’s important for people to focus on more than just themselves. As a world surviving together, we need to team up to provide for the needs of others. Helping others will bring more pleasure than spoiling oneself. If everyone committed to this, the world would be drastically changed for the better.
In Carol Dweck’s article titled, “Brainology” Dweck discusses the different mindsets that students have about intelligence. Some where taught that each person had a set amount of intelligence, while others were trained that intelligence is something they could develop and increase over time. in Dweck’s article she writes, “ It is a belief that intelligence can be developed that opens students to a love of learning, a belief in the power of effort and constrictive, determined reactions to setbacks” (Dweck pg. 2). Dweck is talking about a growth mind-set in which is how students perceive the growth of knowledge and that no one person is born with a certain amount of intelligence, it too can be trained and developed over time. By introducing Dweck’s ideas of a growth mind-set to students, students will enjoy learning and be less devastated by setbacks, because they know they can develop intelligence. Dweck also writes that students with a growth mind-set, “believe that intelligence is something that can be cultivated through effort and education. They
The chosen article is Two Cheers for Consumerism by James Twitchell. In this article he talks about consumerism, commercialism, and materialism. He argues the stand point of consumers and the role they live by every day. In other hands the critics, Academy, gives the consumers and overview description to their consumers.
People can achieve intelligent by learning or by following their passion in whatever they love. If someone loves fixing cars there is a chance he will become a mechanic, so he will be intelligent in that careers. That is how someone becomes intelligent because they learned everything they can about their profession in book or by what they learn on the streets. To become a intelligent person is important in society because that sets a standard for us and we try to learn everything we can to be the best in our jobs and careers, so we can be the best in our field.
1. The main idea is not only that owning stuff is not the key to happiness, it’s also that consumers today own more than they need to thrive which directly impacts the environment. Hill illustrates the environmental impact by showing statistics of global warming today versus the past century, and how consumerism is leading to a hotter climate. Hill debunks claims of buying happiness by discussing a study where stress hormones spike to their highest when people are managing their personal belongings. Hill’s most prominent example that consumerism is not the answer is himself, as he discusses some of the most stressful times of his life being right after coming into a large sum of money and buying whatever he fancied. When Hill concludes his article, he states that “I have less—and enjoy more. My space is small. My life is big” (213).
People are often deceived by some famous brands, which they will buy as useless commodities to feel they are distinctive. People require brands to experience the feeling of being special. People spend their money to have something from famous brands, like a bag from Coach or Louis Vuitton which they think they need, yet all that is just people’s wants. Steve McKevitt claims that people give more thought on features or brands when they need to buy a product, “It might even be the case that you do need a phone to carry out your work and a car to get around in, but what brand it is and, to a large extent, what features it has are really just want” (McKevitt, 145), which that means people care about brands more than their needs. Having shoes from Louis Vuitton or shoes that cost $30 it is designed for the same use.
Isaacson and Dweck begin and would agree with a similar base that intelligence, to a `certain point, is innate upon those who society sees as intelligent. Isaacson proves his viewpoint by exploring the mind of Steve Jobs, someone that most would consider to be the pinnacle of intelligence, and stating that “His imaginative leaps were instinctive, unexpected, and at times magical. They were sparked by intuition, not analytic rigor” (Isaacson 3). By emphasizing
Ever since I became literate, literacy relied on as an important life skill to the point where I would challenge other kids to see who appeared smarter. But I've grown up to learn that obsessing over intelligence has not and will not make me any smarter. This relates similarly to one scholar, Cathleen Schine, who claims she is an illiterate to the world due to her poor choices of obsessing how smart she is, but she learned to control and outgrow the phase while she had the chance to in her article “I was A Teenage Illiterate”. Cathleen would carry intelligent and authentic books, but she only understood 10% of a classic novel and ended up developing into the 90% as she grew up (“I was a Teenage Illiterate”). This goes with the fact that as
Alexa, a junior in college, shares her ideas on Intelligence. Intelligence is determined by motivation to do required tasks. Motivation is necessary to complete basic tasks such as doing homework. Also for completing difficult tasks. Which allows someone to learn new things, (Hietpas). Alexa explains the necessity of motivation to complete simple tasks. For an individual to be intelligent they have to learn new things. To be able to learn new things, one has to have the motivation to learn. In addition, if someone does not have motivation, they will not be able to learn anything new. Therefore, never having the opportunity to become intelligent. A mutual trait between intelligent people is wanting to learn new things. Taylor mentions her father whom she believes is intelligent without a lot of education, “[My father is] motivated to constantly be learning new things. He is not told, he wants to learn,” (Nelson). In the quote Taylor analyzed her father who only had a high school education. She explains that he is someone she considers highly intelligent. Intelligence is determined by motivation to learn new things and the tasks done in one’s free time. Taylor’s father is intelligent because of the motivation to constantly be learning new things. He chooses to learn new things in his free time and has the motivation to do so. Although, he might not have had as much traditional school as
There are many people who are driven by consumerism, and many people who wish they could get in touch with that type of world. Consumers are often encouraged to advertise more of the products that they are buying to get more people to buy more products. Hari Kunzru, author of “Raj, Bohemian,” creates a narrator who is obsessed with maintaining his individuality and free will in a world that is overcome with consumerism. Believes that the world takes away individuality when consumerism comes into play and how hard it is to maintain their true self. In her LA Times article “Teen Haulers Create a Fashion Force,” Andrea Chang writes about the phenomenon of teenage YouTube users who make videos that publicize their latest shopping binges.
In life, especially in American culture, our existence revolves around the physical, materialistic possessions and goals. Every commercial, ad and salesman caters to those who need more “stuff”
Many theorists suggest that consumption is correlated to the identity of an individual, that by purchasing goods from the mass market, it enables us to visibly establish our position within society. This differs from previous times in which a range of factors such as family histories, character and personal achievements played a significant role (Gabriel and Lang, 2006). Instead, there is the idea that the consumer has the ability to gain pleasure over objects, not just solely by the manipulation of objects, but through the degree of control over their meaning. The degree of control is developed and achieved through imagination and provides greater possibilities of pleasure experiences. This suggests that modern consumption can be seen as device that enables individuals to ‘dream’ about the desires they wish to fulfill. (Campbell, 1989: 79) (Cited in Gabirel & Lang, 2006)
On the ‘nature’ side of the debate is the psychometric approach, considered to be the most dominant in the study of intelligence, which “inspired the most research and attracted the most attention” (Neisser et al. 1996, p. 77). It argues that there is one general (‘g’) factor which accounts for intelligence. In the 1880s, Francis Galton conducted many tests (measuring reaction times to cognitive tasks), (Boundless 2013), in order to scientifically measure intelligence. These tests were linked to the eugenic breeding programme, which aimed to eliminate biologically inferior people from society. Galton believed that as intelligence was inherited, social class or position were significant indicators of intelligence. If an individual was of high social standing, they would be more intelligent than those of a lower position. However he failed to show any consistency across the tests for this hypothesis, weakening his theory that social class correlated with intelligence. Nevertheless, his creation of the intelligence test led many to continue to develop...
Most people say being stupid will lead no where. They claim that it is the worst possible condition in which to spend one's life, and if possible, it should be completely avoided. They would even suggest if the symptoms of stupidity are caught in the early stages, it could easily be treated by a surgeon. Yet, perhaps if people took a closer look at some of the advantages stupidity had to offer, they wouldn't have such a negative attitude toward it. After reading this paper, one will understand the advantages of stupidity along the lines of work ethic and even how their minds work. I will also show you that they have a large amount of free time and how they are forever ingrained in the minds of the more intelligent.
The ongoing debate on whether nature or nurture is responsible for intelligence seems to be a never-ending argument. There will probably be no definite answer to this argument any time soon, but answers such as Dr. Bigot's prove how intolerant of other opinions people can be. To say intelligence is entirely based on genetics, or one's environment, for that matter, is utterly extremist. An interaction of both nature and nurture is responsible for intelligence.
The Oxford Dictionary defines intelligence as “the ability acquire and apply knowledge and skills.” Many people are born naturally intelligent, able to grasp and understand concepts easily, with little work. In children, it is easy to separate those born with higher intellectual ability from the rest, because they easily excel in learning. This skill is often lost by those born with it, and through a great deal of work others attain it. In order for an individual to have true intelligence into her adult years, she must foster what gifts she is given, and strive to better her self academically. Even as early as elementary school, many who are born with natural talent begin to fall behind intellectually. These students are often not