System tracts are areas of the lithosphere which have multiple interacting depositional systems. These system tracts are the arrangement of layers in a depositional sequence. The structure of a depositional sequence begins with a sequence boundary, followed by a lowstand systems tract, then a transgressive systems tract, a highstand systems tract, and a falling-stage systems tract, before finally reaching another sequence boundary. These strata were deposited at different points of transgressions and regressions, during eustatic sea level change or relative sea level change.
Each system tract is bound by a surface, between the lowstand and transgressive systems tract we find the transgressive surface. The transgressive and highstand systems tracts end and begin respectively by the the maximum flooding surface. The highstand and falling-stage systems tracts are separated by the basal surface of forced regression.
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For the duration of this paper I will explain each layer from bottom (oldest) to top (youngest), so we will begin with sequence boundaries.
Sequence boundaries are the beginning and the end of a depositional sequence, and are formed by erosional unconformities. This happens when the shoreline migrates seaward during a regression. The drop in sea level leads to erosion on the shelf from waves, the exposing of sediments to the air allows them to erode as well. These occur at the beginning and end of every cratonic sequence (Sauk, Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, Absaroka, Zuni, and Tejas). Catuneanu (2002) described sequence boundaries as “diachronous, capping the previous highstand systems tract and eroding the surface of the down-stepping sediments deposited during accompanying forced regression associated with sea level
fall.” Falling stage systems tracts lay right on the sequence boundary, they are made up of deposits from a regression, acquired after the beginning of a regression before the arrival of the corresponding transgression. Like a sequence boundary, falling stage systems tracts are the result of forced regression, so the coast is forced to build seaward. Various parasequence stacking patterns are possible, such as downward stepping prograding clinoforms, stranded parasequences, and mass flow deposits in distal areas. Each potential pattern relies on the depositional profile, the rate of sedimentation, and the rate of regression. Evidence of these systems is given by the erosion of exposed sediment surface updip and the formation of a sequence boundary that caps the highstand systems tract of the last depositional sequence. Posamentier and Allen (1999) gave falling stage systems tracts the term “early lowstand systems tract”, a fitting name given the fact that falling stage systems tracts are topped by lowstand systems tracts. Lowstand systems tracts are made up of deposits that accumulate after the beginning of a relative sea level rise. Lowstand systems tracts lay directly on the upper surface of the falling stage systems tract. These tract sediments often fill valleys that were cut into highstand systems tracts, as well as older deposits during the falling stage systems tracts. Posamentier and Allen (1999) called these tracts “late lowstand systems tracts.” This system tract is represented by the sedimentary buildup that lies on the lowest position of the relative sea level curve, often forming a prograding wedge at the base of a shelf margin with its lower boundary onlapping onto the prograding clinoforms and/or dowlapping onto a downslope fan.
Marshak, S. (2009) Essentials of Geology, 3rd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, ch. 11, p. 298-320.
Yes this feature is the result of erosion and depositional processes however, it is not associated with the current water course. This feature may be the result of a Gilbert type delta that once occupied this area. Gilbert type deltas have three main components; topsets, foresets and bottomsets. Topsets are fluvial sediments (primarily sandur deposits) that were deposited on the subaerial delta surface. Erosive events occurring on the upper forslope can result in downslope channels and chutes. These features are then eroded by either strong currents or by debris flow resulting in these channels and chutes to become filled. Foresets are a combination of sand and gravel facies. The are deposited by gravitational processes on the delta foreslope and the grains tend to become finer and more angular downslope. Bottomsets consist of fine grained silts and clay and are deposited at the foot of the delta front.
Later after the sea finally retreated occurred volcanic activity. Mountains rose through laccoliths, which also resemble volcanoes. These laccoliths differ in that they do not erupt. They shifted layers of rock upward in the shape of a dome. This specific piece of geologic morphology occurred at the end of the Cretaceous time. This marked the beginning of the Laramide Orogeny, which was a well-known period of mountain formation in western North America.
Periods that the folding occurred in which formed the outlines of the basin as it
The symbolism and imagery used in the short stories paints a vivid picture into the author’s train of thought. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Shirley Jackson were not normal writers. The stories are a form of gothic writing. This paper will be analyzing the point of view, symbolism, and setting in the stories The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and The Lottery by Shirley Jackson.
Situation Analysis Assignment: Starbucks Corporation is the world’s leading retailer of specialty coffee beverages and accompanying confectionery items. Starbucks was established in 1971 in Seattle by Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegal and Gordon Bowker. Currently, Starbucks has over 21,000 stores and operates in more than 63 countries. The company’s mission is to offer an opportunity for people to enjoy a good cup of coffee and engage in a good conversation. The following situational analysis provides a detailed look at the current business situation of Starbucks by providing an in-depth analysis of the company’s current product, market, opportunities, and challenges.
6.1 When conducting a situational analysis, which of the four factors discussed is most critical: the occasion, the organizational culture, the environment, or the time allotted?
The problem-posing style of education is used on a day to day basis by teachers who enjoy projecting their ideas to students. For example, when the whole classroom has achieved a grade of an A- or higher, one may infer the answers were obtained willingly rather than forcibly. The student must show a want of the knowledge to receive information in a way that sticks with them, without force. This style of education shows how the teacher and student relationship is both positive and beneficial. This could be where the teacher rejoices from good grades while the student is confident because of the good grades that they have earned. The problem-posing concept may even be associated with an authentic relationship between the student and the teacher.
If I had to ask my boss an urgent question with regards to a potential contract with a vendor, I would make a phone call. The scenario states that I “need an answer now”. This would require me to initiate a push channel, where I am sending a message to the receiver with the use of a telephone. This is the quickest way to receive the answer I need. If my boss does not pick up the phone, I would leave a voicemail stating what I am calling about and the urgency of my boss’s call back.
In order to understand both, the aspects and complexities regarding Situational Theory of Publics, one must first understand the theory in itself. Situational Theory considers a public as a, “section of the community having a particular interest or connection” (Oxford, 2016). This theory locates and identifies publics by a given genre, the genre being that particular interest or connection. Each public is a group or audience of people with the potential to recognize an organization and its current situation or goal(s). Additionally, Situational Theory helps to identify trends within various publics which allow for strategic communications practitioners to make predictions more accurately.
In this study, Murray and Kirsten (2011) interviewed four students enrolled in Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). The study was focused on establishing the impact of counselor training on students in a couple relationships. The methodology used in this study was informed by the grounded theory and situational analysis theory. The authors settled on this type of methodology as it was equipped to best capture the students’ voices which cut across their experiences and the emerging processes and contexts across their lives. The authors also spread their focus not only on the students themselves but also on their situations. The methodology based on situational analysis theory was able to capture each participant's situation
Quantitative is numerical or statistical data which often comes from surveys, surveillance or administration records. Quantitative evidence provides a good overall picture of a population or geographical region. It can often be used to measure trends over time. It describes who, what, where and when. Quantitative has four main designs, Descriptive, Correlational, Experimental and Quasi-experimental. Descriptive is the characteristics of individuals, situations or groups and the frequency which with certain phenomena occur using statistics to summarise and describe data. Correlational, interrelationship amongst variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. Experimental is systematic and objective, investigator controls the independent variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions (Ingham-Broomfield, n.d.).
Situational analysis is often the base of strategy formulation as it provides a complete assessment of internal and external factors. Strategy formulation has several components to it that allows the plan to be shaped. Situational analysis can view the future of customers, growth, competitors and provides an accurate assessment of the organization. The assessment is usually called a SWOT, (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). Strength and weaknesses is identification in the assessment of internal factors, such as culture, image and structure of the organization .and it could include the operations and financial resources. Strengths are the opportunities that are viewed as a positive within the organization and weaknesses are the opportunities that organization look to for improvement. As stated previously, opportunities and threats are an assessment of the external analysis findings and can occur in the external environment that may cause the organization to change direction. For example, market trends, suppliers, competitors or technology. Opportunities can be viewed as a factor that can influence the
Snow, D. J. (2001, August 24). Fundamental Concepts of the Earths Systems. (University of Oklahoma) Retrieved May 11, 2014, from Earth System Science Education: http://www.esse.ou.edu/fund_concepts/fund_concept_ess.html#FunCon06
This equation assumes that the secondary consolidation settlement occurs after the dissipation of excess pore water pressure.