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History of hacking essay
Advantages and disadvantages of black hat hackers
History of hacking essay
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Contrast and compare Hacking vs Penetration Testing.
Hacking is a process in which one uses a computer or computer program to manipulate or exploit the weakness in a network system or a computer for the main purpose of causing harm, fear or make money. And a person who does this is called a hacker.
Hacking was first made popular by the M.I.T engineers during late 1950’s and early 1960’s. Most of the hackings that are done by these engineers is out of curiosity but not with an intention to create harm. But many people outside of the University started to use if for other purposes like manipulating the telephones to do cheap long-distance calls. Even though both hackers use their skillset to exploit the weakness of a computer or network system the intentions of their actions are different. One mainly using their skill out of
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These hackers have the same skill set and knowledge of computer or network system just like the black hat hackers, but they operate on the side of the public interest instead of creating chaos for the users. The white hat hackers do penetration testing for a company or an organization and try to find weakness in their systems. Their results are used by the security companies to develop security measures for the company or an organization before they are exploited by the hackers.
The penetration testing should be done to exploit the flaws and weakness of the security system throughout the environment, penetration must be done at the network level as well as the application level from both outside and inside the network. There are several advantages of doing penetration testing by a company or organization. Several of those advantages are stated below.
• Security vulnerabilities before a hacker does
• Gaps in information security compliance
• The response time of their information security team, i.e. how long it takes the team to realize that there is a breach and mitigate the
Hacking has two primary definitions; the first refers to the enthusiastic and skilful use of computers to solve problems (Techterms, 2013); the second, to “gain unauthorized access to data in a system or computer” (Oxford Dictionaries, 2013). In the context of this essay the second definition is more appropriate and will be the meaning inferred throughout. This definition also more closely aligns with legal terminology used in the UK when describing the hacking of computers. The Computer Misuse Act (1990) introduced three criminal offenses:
In reality, most hackers are ordinary people with a great deal of curiosity, above-average skills with a computer, a good understanding of human nature, and plenty of time to kill. Hackers have no distinguishing characteristics. Your next-door neighbor could be a hacker, as could your niece or nephew, one of your co-workers, or even the kid who serves you coffee in the morning. Not all hackers are dangerous and out to destroy business or damage lives. The view of the general public toward hackers is mixed. A recent CNN-poll shows 33% of respondents labeling hackers as "useful," 17% seeing them "as a menace," and the majority (45%) seeing hackers as "both" useful and a menace (CNN, 1999).
The third step to a successful IR plan is identifying key performance indicators. (KPI) This can include the time to detection, reporting an incident, and investigation. The nature of the attack and the security tool used to spot the threat could also be labeled as KPI’s.
The documentary Rise of the Hackers, focuses on the rising criminal use of hacking and how it is effecting multiple areas of technology. The documentary describes simple and complicated situations concerning hacking, but there still questions that must be answered when it comes to hacking and crime. The main question is in trying to determine why a person would choose to commit computer hacking. There are various theories already present within the criminal justice system that may explain at a micro-level and macro-level. These theories would explain why offenders would commit the crimes, but it may not answer the full scope of the question. The Routine Activities Theory would help to explain why offenders offend, why victims are victimized,
I always believed that hacking was a bad thing done by malicious people. I now realize that thought there are bad hackers, many hackers follow an ethical code when acquiring information and deciding what to make of it. I have been able to pursue a lot of information largely in part because of hackers. As Cross says, “academic freedom should be restricted only as an absolute last resort, not as the fundamental basis of our national strategies for security and technological development in the 21st century” (Cross, 40) and after reading this article, I have both a new definition and appreciation for the term
Penetration tests are typically conducted by ethical hackers whom exploit manual and automated practices to simulate attacks from both internal and external threats (Bace & Sinchak, 2014). Working hand-in-hand, vulnerability assessments and penetration tests afford the agile intelligence needed to help organizations deploy necessary security countermeasures to mitigate the likelihood and impact of attacks. This is especially important in a BYOD environment where devices models vary and are frequently refreshed.
[15] T. J. Klevinsky, Scott Laliberte, and Ajay Gupta. (2002). Hack I.T.: Security Through Penetration Testing. Addison-Wesley Professional.
Hacking has been around since the birth of computers. When the term hacking was first used, its meaning was not that of how we think of it today. At the origins of computing, a hacker was considered to be just a "creative programmer (Baase, 2003)." Early forms of computer games as well as the beginnings of operating systems were discovered and created by these original hackers. These hackers plunged into systems as a way of an intellectual challenge and to aspire to gain knowledge (Baase, 2003). Kevin Mitnick believes he falls into this realm of hackers. Hackers in today's era are now looked upon as criminals who invade the privacy rights of individuals and have the ability to deliver worms/viruses. The differences are that hackers today have full intentions of delivering terrible viruses and worms. Mitnick was one of the most infamous hackers during the 1980's. He molded his hacking style around the stupidity of humans and his quest for intellectual knowledge. The ways in which he wiggled his way into computer systems extenuates many of the issues surrounding computer security and privacy.
Hacking is strongly unjustified by individuals due to it being illegal activity. Laws relating to computer hacking vary depending on every region. However, there is a predominance of hacking being illegal in a majority of countries. Broadly speaking, it is illegal to hack into computer systems and networks since it involves accessing information with authorisation. This is a form of invasion of privacy and data breach, automatically making the activity unlawful. From ‘Computer Crime: American Hacking, federal police’, it is stated that computer intrusion, unauthorised modification and destruction of data comes with penalties under the state law. These range from class B misdemeanour (a fine) to class B felony (five years in prison). This validates that in most cases, due to the trespassing of computers and networks and data rupture, hacking is strongly considered as unvirtuous due to it being illegal
In Computer security terminology Hacker is a person or group of persons, who exploit, modify and identify weakness in a computer system or network. Hacker may be motivates of reasons such as profit, protest and challenge. based on attitude, belief, and goals hacker groups are categories such as
The issue with tackling the ethical hacker scenario is that the event is almost entirely action based. There is no end to give meaning to the action and there is no finalized result or indication that it impacted happiness, which many ethical theories depend on. Namely consequentialism, utilitarianism and ethical egotism require an end result in one form or another. There is also no purpose in committing the hackings which makes applying moral theories that deal with motivation and intent, ethical egotism and aspects of virtue ethics, increasingly more difficult to do effectively. Therefore moral theories that apply almost exclusively to the action itself will be utilized in this argument.
The Art of exploring various security breaches is termed as Hacking.Computer Hackers have been around for so many years. Since the Internet became widely used in the World, We have started to hear more and more about hacking. Only a few Hackers, such as Kevin Mitnick, are well known.In a world of Black and White, it’s easy to describe the typical Hacker. A general outline of a typical Hacker is an Antisocial, Pimple-faced Teenage boy. But the Digital world has many types of Hackers.Hackers are human like the rest of us and are, therefore, unique individuals, so an exact profile is hard to outline.The best broad description of Hackers is that all Hackers aren’t equal. Each Hacker has Motives, Methods and Skills. But some general characteristics can help you understand them. Not all Hackers are Antisocial, PimplefacedTeenagers. Regardless, Hackers are curious about Knowing new things, Brave to take steps and they areoften very Sharp Minded..
Hackers made the Unix operating system what it is today. Hackers run Usenet. Hackers make the World Wide Web work. If you are part of this culture, if you have contributed to it and other people in it know who you are and call you a hacker, you're a hacker. The hacker mind-set is not confined to this software-hacker culture. There are people who apply the hacker attitude to other things, like electronics or music -- actually, you can find it at the highest levels of any science or art.
To establish accurate metrics is very critical, which is mostly required for an organization’s incident response capability to obtain the proper budget required. In most of organizations ultimate users may report an incident through one of three avenues. This three avenues may be their immediate supervisor, the corporate help desk (or local Information Technology department if there is no formal help desk), or an incident hotline managed by the Information Security entity. Typically, employee-related issues are reported to a supervisor or directly to the local Human Resources department while end users report technical issues to the help desk.
There are different motives of hacker for hacking. Some wants to be famous while some of them want to make your life miserable. The most common motives of malicious hackers to hack are revenge,