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UN Convention on the Rights of the Children
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child article 2
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1. What is the significance of the Convention on the Rights of the Child?
According to this report, “The Convention on the Rights of the Child represents a remarkable milestone in building a more just world. It articulates the entire complement of rights, regarding children, social, civil, and etc. Also, it recognizes children as holders of their rights. The importance of the Convention became the most rapidly and widely ratified human rights treaty in history.” It’s stated in this report that children should receive the same respect and treatment, as anyone else, because it is their entitled right. Also, this report discussed the convention and how it has a vision of the world, where children can have a healthy start in life, their educated,
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The percentage of women, who did seek antenatal care during pregnancy in 1990 went from 37 percent to 52 % in 2012.”
Figure two showed how antenatal care coverage got better in every region. This graph showed how, “57 per cent of deliveries were done by skilled health personnel, compared to 69 per cent in 2012. South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa have the lowest rates of deliveries attended by health professionals. The rates were 49% and 50 % in 2012.” Figure three showed, “Percentage of infants aged 0-5 months, who were breastfed from 2000-2012. This figure suggests there is a strong correlation between breastfeeding and good health. Breastfeeding is one of the strongest defenses against disease. Consequently, only a few are ever breastfed. The progress of breastfeeding in West and Central Africa is low.” Figure four showed how mortality rates declined in all regions. Figure five showed how, “Measles immunization coverage improved in 1990, but is still lagging in some regions. Deaths from measles were reduced by 80 percent between the years of 2000-2013. The Measles vaccine coverage improved from 73% in 1990 to 84% in
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Also, it discussed “the amount of people in developing regions, who live in extreme poverty, and how it has been cut in half from 47% to 18% in 2010. However, many challenges remain in the effort to accelerate this progress, and ensure the rights of the children from the poorest backgrounds are fulfilled.” Moreover, “It is important to measure and address child poverty, because the impact on children are devastating.” Poverty can have many effects on the child. For example, the child can suffer from physical problems, mental problems, and etc. Thus, this report discussed child mortality rates, and how it’s higher in low-income households versus wealthy households. Children born today have a better chance at surviving compared to children, who were born before 1989. However, much of this is giving credit to the convention, and all of the emphasis that it places on children. It was stated, “The government need to recognize that a society in which all children’s rights are fulfilled, will be a healthier, and happier one for everybody.” The government need to step up and provide more resources, so children and families can live a productive
In addition to providing alarming statistics about the rate of childhood poverty, Jenson & Fraser highlight how much poverty can adversely affect the outcomes of children both directly and indirectly by impacting them at a familial and community levels (31-34).
Wight, V. R., Chau, M., & Aratani, Y. (2010, Jan). National Center for Children in Poverty. Retrieved from Who are America’s Poor Children?: http://www.nccp.org/publications/pub_912.html
Even the mere inequality of wealth in a child’s social, cultural, or educational setting can have effects on a child’s peer to peer interactions, hierarchical structure and their ability to achieve. Gorard 2010 as discussed in Victoria Cooper, 2014 (p160), links poverty and or social deprivation with lower academic results. In the Xiao Bo case study by Child poverty research and policy centre, 2013 (Heather Montgomery, 2014) it demonstrates the multifaceted effects of poverty on a child, such as the stresses it places on the family to educate children, pressure on the children themselves to succeed in education to enable them to assist with family finances and lifestyle, the compromises and sacrifices made as a family unit in lifestyle and financial planning in order to pursue education of the child, as well as demonstrating the wide range of instigators that create inequalities of wealth, such as political/policy decisions, loopholes in aid assistance, cost of education and unequal access to resources. In 2001 the Millennium development goals were set out in response to the millennium summit of the united nations to reduce poverty and its associated issues, of the eight goals, the first goal was to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, demonstrating the comprehension of the wide ranging affect of poverty on children and society as a whole, and an understanding that poverty ‘Damages children in every way’ as stated by Unicef
HIV-infected women in developing countries are faced with a difficult choice. Do they breastfeed their infant and potentially transmit the disease through breastmilk, or do they use supplemental feedings of expensive synthetic formula. Many women that desire to use supplemental feedings lack the financial means or necessary equipment to be able to provide adequate nutrition. There is the distinct risk that even if they are able to use supplemental formula unclean water could expose their child gastrointestinal infections or parasites. The official recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) is that if supplemental feeding is feasible and practical by the mother, then the mother should avoid breastfeeding. If supplemental feeding is not feasible, then the child should be exclusively breastfed for at least six months. Neither choice is a one hundred percent satisfactory solution, and ongoing research continues to argue the benefits of one method of feeding versus the other.
Breastfeeding rates are continually increasing. The nutritional benefit of breast over formula is a long established fact. “According to the latest numbers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, breastfeeding rates improved nationwide in 2000-2008, and some of the greatest improvement was among black women. However, only about 59 percent of black mothers breastfed in 2008, compared to 80 percent of Hispanic mothers and about 75 percent of white mothers. For 2008 rates of breastfeeding at a baby’s first birthday, the number was about 23 percent overall but only 12.5 percent for black mothers. That low rate still marks a near doubling of rates among black mothers compared to the year 2000” (Currie, 2013).It is the recommended method of feeding an infant for at least the first six months of life. Breastfeeding has benefits to both mothers and their babies. The baby receives immunity to protect it from disease. Financially, breastfeeding can significantly reduce the burden of having a new child. Many mothers initiate breastfeeding in the hospital; however, the number of women who breastfeed until six months is very low (Guyer, Millward, & Berger, 2012). Breastfeeding is highly favored over bottle feeding. Yet, mothers still do not choose to continually breastfeed their infants. Do mothers who breastfeed during hospitalization have limitations or no desire to continue versus mothers who breastfeed for the recommended six months or longer at home?
Poverty is “the inability to acquire enough money to meet basic needs including food, clothing and shelter” (Gosselin,2009). This social disadvantage limits one’s ability to receive a quality education and it is a constant problem throughout the world accompanied with“deleterious impacts on almost all aspects of family life and outcomes for children”(Ravallion,1992). Poverty is a main factor that affects normal human growth and development in a variety of ways, primarily impacting children’s early development, social behaviour, health, and self worth.
In the feature article "The Destruction of Childhood," the author, Langdon Winner, explains the brutal childhood of many children living in Third World Countries. The author points out several facts and surveys done many groups such as United Nations that show
Childhood development is both a biological and psychological period that occurs to every human from birth to adolescence. The transition from dependency to autonomy characterizes this period. The crucial factors that affect this period include parental life, prenatal development and genetics among others. Childhood period is immensely significant for the child’s future health and development. Efforts in ensuring proper child development are normally seen through parents, health professional and educators who work collectively. Such efforts are essential in making sure that children grow to reach their full potential. However, it is not extremely easy to raise a child in modern times because certain factors emerge to ruin this pivotal stage in life. Poverty is a serious problem that can immensely affect childhood development (Horgan, 2007). Children are susceptible developmentally to problems in their earliest period of their life. Poverty is not a selective issue and it can affect all ages in any place, but its
Part One - Essay There is a contemporary issue not meeting international/national obligations and aspirations of the young tamariki and it is child poverty. UNICEF, United Nations Convention of the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), Child Poverty Action Group (CPAG), and Children’s Commissioner’s Expert Advisory Group (CCEAG) are groups who discuss child rights and poverty. This essay will discuss child poverty in Aotearoa and globally, how child rights are not being met due to poverty and why early childhood education (ECE) teachers should be advocating for children’s rights in relation to poverty. The United Nations (UN) in 2013, carried out a survey with 97 UN Member States in Ministries of Education, Environment and Sustainable Development who identified poverty as the highest priority (Engdahl, 2015).
At the moment, the active mechanism of enforcement is weak and is limiting the implementation of children’s rights by States Parties. In sum, it lacks teeth. Some of its flaws are imposed by external factors, and others are self-imposed. Even when State Parties take steps to comply with the CRC, by establishing compatible legislation and domestic mechanisms, they will at times inevitably fall short.
When analyzing children growing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. To grow up in poverty can have long term effect on a child. What should be emphasized in analyzing the effects of poverty on children is how it has caused many children around the world to suffer from physical disorders, malnutrition, and even diminishes their capacities to function in society. Poverty has played a major role in the functioning of families and the level of social and emotional competency that children are able to reach. Children in poverty stricken families are exposed to greater and emotional risks and stress level factors.
Located in Guatemala almost half of the population dwells below the poverty line. This really affects the most severely the children of minorities. Living in hardship has many effects on the lives of those who have health problems, shortage on food, and a must to work. Guatemala doesn’t have any health care services to meet the needs of the entire community. Some health issues that specifically affect children are not able to be updated. For example, the death rate for infants are very high. Not to mention, it doesn’t have much of a support and personnel relevant for the country. The concern is for the health of the children, therefore, complicated to guarantee and famine are diverse and abundant. Many old ways are against to the need of
Sicault, G. (Ed.). (1963). The needs of children: A survey of the needs of children in the developing countries. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund by the Press of Glencoe.
2.1.3 Convention on the Rights of the Child / UNCRC/ 1989. According to UNICEF, the CRC is the most rapidly and widely ratified international human rights instrument in the world, with 192 states recognising the Convention principle that the child is a holder of rights and freedoms, including the States’ obligation to protect children from any act of violence. Ethiopia ratified the CRC in 1992 and it has made a major contribution in the domestic recognition of the human rights of all children and it has made a significant contribution to incorporate prohibition of child trafficking in the 1995 of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Constitution as provided in Article 18. The underlying implication of the ratification of this Convention can be explained in terms of domesticating the Convention as an integral part of the law of the land, according to Article 9 Sub-article 4 and Article 13 of the Constitution.
Children are important aspect in the world. They are the asset to a country and they will determine the future of the world. In order to have a bright future for the world, children should be treated with love and educated with the right knowledge that will lead them to become a good adult. Nowadays, the children rights are not protected. Many cases involve the children’s right had happened in the society such as child abuse and abandonment. It gives a sign that the humanity in our society has declined. The children’s right problems that occur can affect the growth and give a bad impact to the next generation. The problems should be solved and the children rights has to be protected.