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The education of African Americans
The education of African Americans
The education of African Americans
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Gloria Richardson was born May 6, 1922 to a very wealthy family in Baltimore, Maryland to the parents of John and Mabel Hayes. At age 6 her family moved to the city Cambridge where they owned a very successful hardware store. Gloria attended Howard University in Washington, D.C at age 16 and graduated in 1942 with a B.A in Sociology. She attempted to become a social worker but she was banned from all positions because of her race. Gloria married a local school teacher, Harry Richardson and raised a family with no job so she just became a housewife. Being able to not have a job made Gloria very fierce and wanted this problem to be solved which made her attend her very first movement. She was in the front of the crowd of many people
Born on May 4, 1843, she was raised just like any other southern lady. She was the daughter of a merchant and grew up in Martinsburg, West Virginia with her parents, Benjamin Reed Boyd and Mary Rebecca Glenn, three brothers, one sister, and grandmother. She went by the name Belle Boyd instead of her original name, Maria Isabella Boyd. Boyd attended Mount Washington Female College of Baltimore from age 12 to 16 after receiving a preliminary education. People knew her to be a fun-loving debutante. Her low voice was charming and her figure, flawless. Her irregular features rendered her either completely plain or extremely beautiful.
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper who is known as Frances Harper was born on September twenty fourth on 1825 in Baltimore, Maryland. She died on February twenty two in 1911 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was African- American abolitionist, suffragist, poet and author, and she was also in the women’s right movement. At the age of three she had lost her mother and father in 1828. After that Frances, had become an orphan and was raised by her maternal uncle and aunt who were civil rights activist. Frances was able to attended a school which was founded by her uncle called the “William Watkins Academy for Negro Youth” she was also able to attend school because she was the daughter of free black
Grace Abbott was born November 17, 1878 in Grand Island, Nebraska. Grace was one of four children of Othman A. and Elizabeth Abbott. There’s was a home environment that stressed religious independence, education, and general equality. Grace grew up observing her father, a Civil War veteran in court arguing as a lawyer. Her father would later become the first Lt. Governor of Nebraska. Elizabeth, her mother, taught her of the social injustices brought on the Native Americans of the Great Plains. In addition, Grace was taught about the women’s suffrage movement, which her mother was an early leader of in Nebraska. During Grace’s childhood she was exposed to the likes of Pulitzer Prize author Willa Cather who lived down the street from the Abbott’s, and Susan B. Anthony the prominent civil rights leader whom introduced wom...
Martha started her college education at Minor Normal School, in Washington D.C. Myrtella Miner was an abolitionist from New York State, in 1851 she opened the normal school for colored girls to train young black women to become teachers. She then went on to attend Smith College in Massachusetts. While attending Smith College, she went on to earn her Bachelor’s degree in mathematics and a minor in psychology in 1914. She then received her Master’s degree in education from the University of Chicago in 1930. By the time she reached age 53 she had received
Zora Neale Hurston was born in Notasulga Alabama on, January 7, 1891. When she was a little girl her family moved to the now iconic town of Eatonville Florida. She was fifth child of eight of John Hurston and Lucy Ann Hurston. Eatonville was one of the first all-black towns to be established in the United States. Zora’s interest in literature was piqued when a couple of northern teachers, came to Eatonville and gave her books of folklore and fantasy. After her mother died, her father and new stepmother sent her to a boarding school. In 1918 Hurston began her undergraduate studies at Howard...
Dr. Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928 in St. Louis Missouri. Angelou was raised in St. Louis and Stamps, Arkansas. In Stamps she was faced with the brutality of racial discrimination, and a very traumatic incident where she, she was raped by her mother's boyfriend when she was eight, but because of this she also developed an unshakable faith and values of traditional African-American family. (Angelou)This shaped her poetry and her involvement in the arts. Where she began to sing and dance and planned to audition in professional theater but that didn’t work out well because she began working as a nightclub waitress, tangled with drugs and prostitution and danced in a strip club. In 1959, she moved to New York, became friends with prominent Harlem writers, and got involved with the civil rights movement. In 1961, she moved to Egypt with a boyfriend and edited for the Arab Observer. When she returned to the U.S., she began publishing her multivolume autobiography, starting with I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings as well as several books of poetry and the third being Still I Rise in published in 1978. (Maya Angelou is born) Because of this life of hardship shaped her to who she is and was the inspiration for a lot of her poetry.
Ida Bell Wells, more commonly known as Ida B. Wells, was born in Holly Springs Mississippi on the 16th of July in 1862. Ida was raised by her mother Lizzie Wells and her father James Wells. She was born into slavery as the oldest of eight children in the family. Both Ida’s parents were enslaved during the Civil War but after the war they became active in the Republican Party during the Reconstruction era. Ida’s father, James, was also involved in the Freedman’s Aid Society (www.biography.com). He also helped to start Shaw University. Shaw University was a university for the newly freed slaves to attend, it was also where Ida received the majority of her schooling. However, Ida received little schooling because she was forced to take care of her other siblings after her parents and one of her siblings passed away due to Yellow Fever. Ida became a teacher at the age of 16 as a way to make money for her and her siblings. Eventually Ida and all her sisters moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to live with their aunt, leaving all their brothers behind to continue working. In Memphis Ida began to stand up for the rights of African Americans and women.
She was an abolitionist and women’s right’s activist and was born a slave in New York State. She bore around thirteen children and had three of them sold away from her. She became involved in supporting freed people during the Reconstruction Period.
Rosa (McCauley) Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Her parents were James and Leona McCauley. She was homeschooled by her mother, who was a school teacher, until the age of eleven. At eleven, Rosa moved to Montgomery with her aunt, where she started going to a private school. Her childhood brought her early experiences with racial discrimination and activism for racial equality. After a few years at that school, Rosa transferred to Booker T. Washington High School, but had to drop out to help her ill mother. In 1932 Rosa got married to a man by the name of Raymond Parks and she had a delighted life until he died in 1977. During this time of her life, she worked as a seamstress in a Montgomery clothing store. Leaving work one night is when everything happened (Troy University).
She had helped to end women's suffrage by bringing awareness to it and as a result turning this issue from being on a local/municipal level to a greater global level today.
This was the start of a new age in the history for women. Before the war a woman’s main job was taking care of her household more like a maid, wife and mother. The men thought that women should not have to work and they should be sheltered and protected. Society also did not like the idea of women working and having positions of power in the workforce but all that change...
At birth Rosalynn Carter was named Eleanor Rosalynn Smith and she was born to Wilburn Edgar Smith and Allethea Murray Smith in Plains, Georgia on August 18, 1927. Growing up as a child, Rosalynn her two brothers, William Jerrod Smith and Murray Lee Smith and sister, Lillian Allethea Smith, never really noticed they were in poverty, since they didn’t have money, neither did anyone else as far as they were concerned. At the age of 13 Rosalynn’s father had died of leukemia. After her father’s death she had to help her mother raise her other siblings. While Rosalynn was attending Plains High School she worked hard to achieve her father’s dream of her going to college. When she graduated Plains High School she was salutatorian. After high school she attended Georgia Southwestern College.
Led by Clara Lemlich, 20,000 immigrants, mostly young women, demanded a twenty percent pay raise, a fifty-two hour workweek, and a closed shop (59). Their cause gained a significant amount of attention and caught the eye of wealthy progressive reformers, such as Alva Belmont and Anne Morgan, who perceived the strike as an opportunity to also advocate their own objective: women’s suffrage. Wealthy elites like Carnegie and Sumner may have believed that efforts to change the natural order are futile, but Morgan claimed that after learning about the details of the strike, she and other women wouldn’t be able to live their lives “without doing something to help them” (72). These affluent women demonstrated their support from both sides of the spectrum, from modestly distributing ribbons and buttons, to Alva Belmont’s contribution of her several cars to a parade for the striking workers (682) and the pledge of her mansion as surety for the bail of four strikers (76). Without the aid of these women, it was doubtful the strikers “could have lasted much longer without progressive money” (70). However, frustration arose amongst picketers as these progressive reformers turned a strike based on class struggle into a “broader feminist revolt” (68). Morgan blamed the strikers’ treatment on the inability for women to vote, not their inability to unionize (67). Striker’s retorted, asking
Toni Morrison was born on February 18, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio. Her original name was Chloe Anthony Wofford.Her father’s name was George Wofford and her mother’s name was Ella Ramah Wofford(Samuels). Morrison changed her name because friends and family gave her a nickname Toni and she got her husbands lasts name, Morrison. Toni Morrison is a professor, teacher, editor, essayist, and novelist(A and E). As a child she was introduced to many different African American cultures, she expresses what she knows through her novels. She also learned many things about African American culture through her education, she went to Howard University in 1953 and she also attended the Cornell University in 1955 Today Toni
In the early years of her life, Maya had always been pretty dependent on her grandmother or brother. However, when she got older, she realized that she needed to do something on her own. As a result, she went out and found herself a job. Being a black girl, finding a job was not simple, but she managed without giving up. Her sedulous work granted her the position as the first black trolley conductor in San Francisco. She had succeeded independently and did not give up without putting up a fight.