Martha Euphemia Lofton Haynes was the first African American women to earn a PH.D in mathematics. She was the first and only child of William S. Lofton, a dentist and financier, and Lavinia Day Lofton. Euphemia Lofton Haynes was born Martha Euphemia Lofton on September 11, 1890 in Washington D.C. In 1917 she married her childhood sweetheart Dr.Harold Appo Haynes. They knew each other very well, as they grew up in the same neighborhood when they were teenagers. They both attended, and graduated from M St. High school. Her husband graduated from M St high school in 1906, a year earlier than she did. During their marriage they were highly focused on their careers, and didn’t have any children.
Martha started her college education at Minor Normal School, in Washington D.C. Myrtella Miner was an abolitionist from New York State, in 1851 she opened the normal school for colored girls to train young black women to become teachers. She then went on to attend Smith College in Massachusetts. While attending Smith College, she went on to earn her Bachelor’s degree in mathematics and a minor in psychology in 1914. She then received her Master’s degree in education from the University of Chicago in 1930. By the time she reached age 53 she had received her PH.D in mathematics from the Catholic University of America in 1943.
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Her mom was a dedicated catholic that was devoted to the service of the Catholic Church. During her extensive services within the Catholic Church, she received several awards. Her awards consisted of a papal medal, “Pro Ecclesia and Pontifex,” in 1959. This is known as the “Decoration of Honor”. The highest medal that can be awarded to the laity by the
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper who is known as Frances Harper was born on September twenty fourth on 1825 in Baltimore, Maryland. She died on February twenty two in 1911 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was African- American abolitionist, suffragist, poet and author, and she was also in the women’s right movement. At the age of three she had lost her mother and father in 1828. After that Frances, had become an orphan and was raised by her maternal uncle and aunt who were civil rights activist. Frances was able to attended a school which was founded by her uncle called the “William Watkins Academy for Negro Youth” she was also able to attend school because she was the daughter of free black
Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was a unique and vital character in American history. She played an imperative role in the equality and advancement of not just African-American women, but women in general. Although she was born a free women in Maryland she had an unparalleled knack for describing and capturing the evils and horrors of slavery. She wrote a plethora of novels, short stories and poems. In her early years she taught in both Ohio and Pennsylvania, after leaving teaching she left teaching to lecture for the Maine Anti-slavery society along with other anti-slavery organizations. She also worked to help fugitive slaves escape to Canada through the Underground Railroad. Frances E. W. Harper was an impeccable writer and human being, she made unmatched contributions to history through her works as an equal rights activist and beautifully captures the identity of
Margaret Garner, an enslaved African American woman in pre-Civil War America, was born on June 4, 1834, at Maplewood plantation in Boone County, Ky. Her parents were slaves belonging to the
Jane Stewart in 1845. Although it is unclear as to the actual date of her birth, it is known to some
Zora Neale Hurston was born in Notasulga Alabama on, January 7, 1891. When she was a little girl her family moved to the now iconic town of Eatonville Florida. She was fifth child of eight of John Hurston and Lucy Ann Hurston. Eatonville was one of the first all-black towns to be established in the United States. Zora’s interest in literature was piqued when a couple of northern teachers, came to Eatonville and gave her books of folklore and fantasy. After her mother died, her father and new stepmother sent her to a boarding school. In 1918 Hurston began her undergraduate studies at Howard...
Mary Eliza Mahoney Biography Mary Eliza Mahoney was born May 7, 1845 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Smith, J, & Phelps, S, 1992) Mary Mahoney was the first African American professional nurse. She spent over 40 years as a private duty nurse going to sick people’s homes, nursing them back to health. She was such a wonderful private duty nurse that after joining a nursing directory, Mary was called upon time after time by the families that hired her all over the country, near and far away.
Lena Mary Calhoun Horne was born June 30, 1917, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Both sides of her family claimed a mixture of African-Americans, Native Americans, and Caucasians, and both were part of what black leader W.E.B. DuBois called "the talented tenth," the upper stratum of the American black population made up of middle-class, well-educated African-Americans. Her parents, however, might both be described as mavericks from that tradition. Her father, Edwin Fletcher Horne Jr., worked for the New York State Department of Labor, but one of her biographers describes him more accurately as "a 'numbers' banker": his real profession was gambling.
Long hair, which conforms to the ideal of femininity, perplexes me; hence, my supposedly rebellious bobbed haircut. On any given day, I would choose a formless dress over an overbearing corset. I still cannot understand why my chunky sandals with the Bohemian vibe make people gasp. However, these individuals could also be gasping at the cigarette in my mouth. I am my own person; notice that my maiden name is still my official name because I refuse to take the identity of my husband. To some, I may be perceived as a troublemaker. In actuality, I am a woman who is willing to take action because I am keenly aware of the struggles that women face daily in all aspects of their lives. Furthermore, I am willing to dedicate my life to the feminist movement.
This chapter started off saying Clara Barton was the youngest of five children, and her parents were both abolitionist. She was born on Christmas, in 1821. When, she was Eleven years old, her brother broke his leg and she used her medical skills to aid him for three years. When Barton was sixteen, her parents told her to become a teacher to deal with her shyness. Barton applied to be a teacher, and shortly after she was accepted at Massachusetts District 9 school. Clara quickly learned that she was an excellent teacher, and her students loved to go to school. She decided to get further education to be able to teach better. In 1850, Barton went to Clinton Liberal Institute where she was taught English language Arts. Later, Barton moved to
Around 1851, Clara’s teaching career progressed. Between 1850 and 1851, she spent a year at the Clinton Liberal Institute, Oneida County, New York to further her own education. After her mother, Sarah Barton, died,
Ida B. Wells was born into slavery in Holly Springs Mississippi, in 1862. She experienced firsthand the hardships of the Civil War and what followed in the Reconstruction Act from her childhood to a young adult. So she was very familiar with the freedoms and opportunities that African Americans had been denied. At first things weren’t as bad for Ida for her parents were well known and liked. But when she was 16 tragedy struck her hometown while she was off visiting her grandmother; yellow fever had plundered the lives of many including her parents and youngest brother. Now it was up to her to take care of her 5 other siblings. She had to drop out of school to take on the responsibilities of her family and found a job as a school teacher. Though she hadn’t completed schooling of her own, she was allowed the job because she knew the basic education and most of the students were illiterate.
Born as Mary Jane McLeod on July 10th, 1875, in Maysville, South Carolina. Mary went on to be a leading educator and civil rights activist. Mary grew up in extreme poverty. She was one of 17 children to be born to a couple of former slaves. Just about everyone in her family worked so that they could effort ends meet. Jobs they dabbled in included picking cotton and toiling in the fields. Mary was the only child in her family to go to school and receive an education. She attended a school for African American children that was opened by a local missionary. She traveled miles each day, she generally walked to school and back and she did her best to help her family as well as try and share her newfound knowledge with them.
Martha Graham is one of the most well-known pioneers of modern dance. Modern dance wouldn't be what it is today without her and her teachings. She had a very different approach to movement and dance. “I wanted to begin not with characters or ideas, but with movements.... I wanted significant movement. I did not want it to be beautiful or fluid. I wanted it to be fraught with inner meaning, with excitement and surge.”
Ida B. Wells was born into slavery on July 16th of 1862 in Holly Springs, Mississippi. When she was sixteen years old, her parents, James and Lizzie Wells, and one of her siblings were killed by the Yellow Fever outbreak. This left Wells to take care of her other siblings. Having attended Shaw University (now Rust College) she had a basic education which is all you needed to be a teacher so Wells lied to a school and told them that she was eighteen so that they would give her a
A recognized nurse theorist, researcher, writer and teacher Martha Elizabeth Rogers was born on May 12, 1914 in Dallas Texas as the first born daughter and oldest of four siblings of Mr and Mrs. Rogers. As the oldest of four siblings Sister Callista Roy was born on October 14, 1939 as the second child but first daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fabien Roy. Devote Catholics her parents name her after Saint Callistus from a Roman Catholic Calendar of the day on which she was born. The daughter of a licensed nurse Callista was continuously taught the importance of knowing all you could about people, the care they needed and most importantly the selfless giving as a nurse. By the age of 14 Callista began working at a large general hospital as a pantry girl and quickly moved up in rank to a nurse's aid.