Burning and Herbicide: Burning on its own is an ineffective method, and will not eradicate the Sharp Rush, however, it does reduce the bulk of the infestation, making the problem area more accessible for further actions to be undertaken, such as the spraying of chemicals in order to prevent re-infestations. Fire creates the ideal conditions of abundant light and open bare ground, allowing for the germination of new seed populations. The cover of native vegetation will be reduced, promoting the regeneration of the native plant community. Despite this, seeds may still persist in the soil for a number of years, thus, the season following a fire is an optimal time for herbicide control of populations. Seedling and resprouting adult Sharp Rush
Lawrence Willoughby, an African American male, was born in 1881 in Pitt County, North Carolina. He was the son of Lannie Anderson and X Willoughby. Lawrence married at 22,a woman by the name of Jennie Best on December 20, 1903. Records says that the two married in Pitt County, North Carolina. They had eight children in 13 years. He died on August 4, 1951, in Greenville, North Carolina, at the age of 70.
The ecological effects of wildfires on Yosemite are among some its greatest benefits. Trees like Bishop Pines and Sequoias have evolved in such a way that their seeds will only open when exposed to high temperatures. The fires also help to clear out dead leaves and weeds, thereby making sunlight accessible to new plants and increasing their chances to germinate (Marder). Wildfires are so essential in areas like Yosemite that over millions of years, plants have developed strategies to be successful in this type of environment. For instance, giant sequoias have developed a thick layer of fire-resistant bark. This bark is “the main explanation for tree survival in intense fires” (Gignoux, Colbert, and Menaut). Fire makes the soil fertile and redistributes the nutrients evenly so that the next generation of trees can cover more space. The fires have helped...
With the 10:00 a.m. policy any fire that breaks out was to be under control by 10:00 a.m. the following day. This policy was based on the theories about forest management in the plantation forests of Europe. But ecologists have later discovered that burning is essential for the preservation of many natural forest communities. For example the cone of the jack pine and the lodgepile pine will not release seeds unless they are exposed to the intense heat of a forest fire. Fire also helps animals by allowing new vegetation to grow on the cleared soil.
Australia is a land of rather extreme weather conditions and widely diverse climates that force the vegetation living there to adapt in many interesting ways. Australia is the driest continent, and biomes such as grasslands and savannas are prime sources of widespread catastrophic fires. The plants that grow in the vast arid and semi-arid regions of Australia are prone to fires simply because of the desert climates that they grow in. High temperatures combined with low fuel moisture contents, little humidity and drying winds that sweep across the landscape encourage many of the plants living in these areas to burst into flames at fairly frequent intervals. Serotinous cones, protective bark, intricate underground recovery systems, unique seed distributions and even the necessity of fire for reproduction are just some of the amazing ways that the major plant families which grow in these fire-prone areas have learned to adapt to their environments.
... them with more abundant and more nutrition vegetation as well as cover and shelter. It seems that the benefit and need for fire in certain environments is very important. So this leaves people to ask the question, “Why don’t we increase the use of prescribed fire?”
As people of the twenty-first century, we are all too familiar with the frequent occurrence of wildfires in our nation’s forests. Each year millions of acres of woodlands are destroyed in brutal scorches. It has been estimated that 190 million acres of rangelands in the United States are highly susceptible to catastrophic fires (www.doi.gov/initiatives/forest.html.). About a third of these high-risk forests are located in California (www.sfgate.com). These uncontrollable blazes not only consume our beautiful forests but also the wildlife, our homes and often the lives of those who fight the wildfires. The frequency of these devastating fires has been increasing over the years. In fact, in the years 2000 and 2002, it has been reported that the United States has faced its worst two years in fifty years for mass destruction fires (www.doi.gov/initiatives/forest.html.). The increased natural fuels buildup coupled with droughts have been a prevailing factor in contributing to our wildfires and unhealthy forests (www.blm.gov/nhp/news/releases/pages/2004/pr040303_forests.html). Due to the severity of these wildfires, several regulations and guidelines have been implemented to save our forests. In fact, the President himself has devised a plan in order to restore our forests and prevent further destruction of our woodlands.
Thousands upon thousands of acres are lost in forest fires every year. We always hear about the dramatic losses caused by forest fires and are often concerned by them. There are so many horrible effects from fires and most of them affect so many people. Studies have shown that out of all of the different methods to decrease fire damage, prescribed burns are the most affective. Many people would argue that they are not as affective because they cause so many health problems. Although that is a very important view and may seem valid, those health issues are not as extreme as one might think. People should look at the majority of the benefits form prescribed burns and they will see how affective and important they are. Prevention is the key to society these days and is definitely an important factor in saving lives. If more lives can be saved as well as land and wildlife, prescribed burns may be the better way to go about forest fires. Although, prescribed burns are better for the environment in order to prevent drastic forest fires, severe damage to timber and extreme death of wildlife; some people feel it affects the health of a firefighter too much and it causes too many long term effects.
Forest fires kill many animals and usually destroy a large amount of land. Prescribed burns seem like they would be the best idea, but are they? Their claim to fame is to clear out land in order to decrease the burning space for when an actual forest fire occurs. Yet this may seem like a brilliant idea, but one must look at the negative aspects of controlled burnings. People might have a change of heart when they realize the damages and effects of such an interesting act. Keep in mind that not only is your health involved but even such things as the inconvenience of dealing with a smoky town. It is important to understand that prescribed burns cause severe health problems especially to firefighters; these are concerning carbon monoxide poisoning, visibility issues and health risks that will affect the future.
Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries and are especially relevant at all level of sport.1 Of all sports, the incidence of ankle sprain is higher in volleyball considering its non-contact nature.2 The most common ankle sprain occurs on the lateral or outside part of the ankle.3 Reports estimate that ankle sprains account for approximately 24% to 54% of all sport-related injuries and 23,000 persons get them per day in the United States.4
Sandberg, D.V., R.D. Ottmar, J.L. Peterson, and J. Core. 2002. Wildland Fire on Ecosystems: Effects of Fire on Soil and Water. Published by The United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Retreived on line July 7, 2005
Allelopathy is when one plant causes a deleterious effect on another plant through the escape of allelopathic chemicals. Allelopathy can be used for protection from infections of fungal or bacterial organism, and/or can be a form of competition. Moreover, this form of competition could be used for succession or resource management. In this laboratory experiment, wheat (Triticum sp.) seeds were exposed to extracts from four plant species to determine whether or not these species processes inhibitors of growth. The extracts were from goldenrod (Solidago sp.), aspen (Populus tremuloides), black cherry (Prunus serotina), and aster (Aster novae-angliae). The quaking aspen is a deciduous tree native to North America. Aspens have shallow root systems, the ability to survive long term flooding, and formation of clones connected through root systems (USDA Forest Service “Species: Populus tremuloides”). Black cherry are widely distributed throughout the Eastern United States, can grow on wide variety of soils except for very wet and very dry soils, can grow on strongly acidic soils, can consist of multiple seedlings that germinate within the vicinity of the parent tree, are intolerant of shade, are considered intolerable of competition, and regeneration can have interference from certain herbaceous plants through allelopathic chemicals. For instance, Solidago rugosa release chemicals from leaves or roots that inhibit cherry succession. It has been suggested that black cherry may interfere with other tree species regeneration, such as red maple (Marquis “Black Cherry”). New England Asters grow in moist environment and have a wide distribution in North America (Nesom “New England Aster: Symphyotrichum navaeangliae”). Goldenrods ...
Wildfires have been a major issue for many years; with the first one being recorded over four hundred and twenty million years ago the world realized they were dealing with an untamable monster. The effects that forest fires have on nature are by far extreme. Wildfire rips across the landscape tearing through and burning every living parcel in its path. If this occurs to often or burns for an excessive amount of time the natural cycle can be thrown out of balance. This equilibrium allows for the best the regeneration of the area and with this disturbance it may be slowed or even stopped. Along with plant life being thrown out of cycle the effects on nature’s creatures is also a major factor. With the loss of the majority of plant life causes the animal’s key food source is lost and many begin to migrate away from the area and into more adequate ones or some just starve to death. On top of losing a food source the anima...
... effective as required, so we used dry powder and foam to cut the oxygen, then the fire got under control so we sprayed the water to cool the fire, unfortunately our water tanks was about to get empty, so we looked for a hydrant to fill them, after that we sprayed all the fire and then we were able to put the fire down, after 2 hours of fighting the fire.
Other factors that contribute to natural bushfires are dry, hot climates with minimal rainfall, the availability of fuel and the presence of oxygen. Disposal of excess fuels in the forms of dried and or dead leaves or vegetation must be encouraged to reduce the chances of ignition by diminishing the medium for fires.
The Forest fire is occurring very frequently nowadays, reasons for it are a heavy increase in global warming and an increase in temperature.