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Shakespeare's Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth
When Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in the early 1600s the King of England
was James I. James was king of Scotland too. He ruled in Scotland
before coming king in England in 1603 as well. James was supposed to
have descended from the real Banquo. Some people often think that
Shakespeare wanted to flatter James I by writing this play by showing
James that he was nothing like Macbeth. In Shakespeare's play Macbeth
it has been discovered that Shakespeare did not create he play from
scratch. He used history books such as Chronicles of England and
Scotland and Ireland. The people in Macbeth are based on real people
but the way they are portrayed to act in Macbeth the play is very
different to how they acted in real life.
Shakespeare uses supernatural in Macbeth in many different ways. He
uses the supernatural in the witches, Lady Macbeth, nature, the
vision, the ghost and the apparitions-these are all key elements in
this play. I think that the supernatural means that it does not belong
to the natural world.
As there was no scenery or lighting, the actors (as women were not
allowed to enter or act in he theatres) would have a bigger effect on
the audience and would really bring out the supernatural elements in
Macbeth. Around the time that Macbeth was written people believed in
witchcraft and wizardry. Even the king at the time, James I, wrote a
book containing witchcraft called 'daemonology'. The people in
Shakespearian times would truly believe that the witches and the
events that take place could actually come true and happen in real
life; but of course today we do not really believe i...
... middle of paper ...
...ke the supernatural
come alive and encourages the audience to feel the supernatural. Words
and visual effects let people experience the supernatural on a deeper
level of emotion. Evil deeds are always committed in the dark whereas
good happens when it is light. Also the visual effects of the dagger,
the apparitions and Banquo's ghost help people to understand what the
character is feeling and why they are acting the way they are. Seeing
the supernatural in a play shows how realistic it can be and also how
powerful the supernatural really is. I think that without the clever
use of the supernatural in Macbeth it would not be as fascinating and
thought provoking as it is.
Bibliography:
Macbeth - Hilary Burningham
CGP - GCSE Text guide
Complete play of Macbeth
Oxfordshire school, Shakespeare - Macbeth
Macbeth written by William Shakespeare somewhere between 1605 and 1606, was a play performed at the Globe theatre. There is no doubt that the play was intended for the king at the time, since he had become a patron of Shakespeare’s theatrical company. By the 1590’s Shakespeare was already an established writer of the time by 1599 he had already founded the Globe theater with 6 other associates whom called themselves “The King’s Men”. Around that moment in history, most people were known to believe in superstitions which included witches, ghost, and other supernatural beings. Some of the literature of the time included plots with such themes as it can be seen in Macbeth.
The Tragedy of Macbeth is a fictional play written by English poet William Shakespeare. The play is set in eleventh century Scotland, during the reign of King James the first. Shakespeare evidently writes in this time period to describe the link between leaders and their supreme or ultimate power. The play was first performed in the year 1606, at the world famous Globe Theatre, and is considered one of the most profound and compelling tragedies ever told. The Tragedy of Macbeth tells the tale of a brave Scottish general named Macbeth and his ambitious desire to become king of Scotland. While he and another commander named Banquo return home from war they stumble into three hagged looking witches. The witches offer the men an enticing prophecy that leads to a more pivotal role found later in the play. Throughout the play Macbeth is seen confronting his own moral ambiguity to the heinous acts he must perform to get the position he most desires. “My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical, [s]hakes so my single state of man” (Shakespeare 1.3.152-53). This uncertainty, present in the scenes of Duncan’s murder, the feast, and the witch’s final predictions each unfold the ambiguity needed to understand the basis of the work as a whole.
Since it was an interesting issue which many people of Shakespeare’s time felt they were affected by, Shakespeare wrote about it. “Macbeth” with its supernatural theme was the 17th century’s equivalent to the modern day horror movie.
In the play of Macbeth we notice the works of how the supernatural can control or change
The last person you would expect to encourage you to commit a crime would be your wife. Macbeth is motivated by his wife and by three Witches and gradually becomes more ruthless, evil, and murderous as the play progresses.
Throughout William Shakespeare's Macbeth, many characters evolve and many disappear into the background. The main character, Macbeth, travels through utter chaos when he proclaims himself monarch. When he first meets the witches of the supernatural, they tell him of the future. One of the themes amplified throughout the play is the circle of life, from the beginning to the end. The visions provided by the three witches begin Macbeth's quest for dominance. The three main effects of this theme are: the death of Macbeth's friends and family. Second, the deaths of his mortal enemies. The last point is the death of himself. The supernatural amplifies the theme of death.
In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, there are several references to supernatural activity. This supernatural activity is very crucial to the storyline. Supernatural defined by Webster relates to an existence beyond the visible observable universe. The Three Apparitions are spoken of in Act IV of the play, but the supernatural is first introduced by the three witches in Act I. The three witches who speak the apparitions are the opening characters in Macbeth. After reading the book, I fully understand Shakespeare reasoning for including them in the story. Each of the three apparitions depicts a clue of Macbeth’s future.
and be great, but they didn't tell him the price he would have to pay.
William Shakespeare wrote the play Macbeth in approximately 1606. The play is a tragedy and this can often be identified before we have even read the play. The title “Macbeth” alone suggests the genre of the play is a tragedy, as it is the name of a character. Life in Shakespeare’s time was very religious and the play was written in order to please King James I, who was on the throne at this point. The idea of the theme of religion and witchcraft fitting into the play was also to please King James I as he was interested in witchcraft.
The prophecy catalyzing Macbeth’s demise comes from the “Weird Sisters,” and ‘weirdness’ is prevalent throughout the play. For example, Ross says: “Threescore and ten I can remember well: Within the volume of which time I have seen hours dreadful and things strange; but this sore night hath trifled former knowings” (2:4:1-4). Ghosts appear frequently in Macbeth, as do paranormal occurrences. Shakespeare does not use supernatural elements merely to drive the plot, however; elements of weirdness help elucidate Macbeth’s tragic flaw by forcing the reader to define normalcy.
Banquo's ghost highlights Macbeth's hypocrisy, when he tries to deceive the others at the banquet, at drinking a toast to his friend Banqo, making him realise that he cannot easily hide behind pretence. All these forms of the supernatural help to play a huge roll in the destruction of Macbeth, and without the supernatural, the play would not be as interesting and exciting, and also would not end with the same disastrous consequences. The supernatural causes Macbeth to betray his king, as well as becoming a traitor to his own country, which he certainly would not have done if he were his own self. The supernatural therefore shapes the events of the play; while the narrative gives the audience and readers insight into the central characters, and makes them feel emotionally involved in the story.
The basic setting of Macbeth is a man named Lord Macbeth usurping the Scottish throne from the rightful ruler. Shakespeare's writing was based on "Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1577), the authoritative historical text of the period". In this historical account, there are stories of murder, deceit, and tradition, from which Shakespeare draws his inspiration for Macbeth. The fashion in which Macbeth murdered his king is extremely similar to how one of King Duff's retainers ended his life. Around 1605 when Shakespeare wrote Macbeth, King James I had recently taken the throne of England after having been known as King James IV of Scotland. Macbeth's identity as a Scot is a nod to James I original Scottish upbringing and heritage (www.westirondequoit.org).
In the English Renaissance, there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Thus, the supernatural is a recurring aspect in William Shakespeare 's Macbeth and is an integral and important part of the plot. The role of the supernatural in Macbeth is to bring out emotional reactions within Macbeth that cloud his judgement, affecting his actions which ultimately leads to his downfall. This is demonstrated through the ambiguous prophecies of the witches, the supernatural phenomenon that Macbeth sees, and the apparitions that foreshadow how he will meet his end.
The supernatural was a popular element in many of the plays written in Shakespeare's time (including Hamlet) and everyone of Shakespeare's time found the supernatural fascinating. Even King James I took a special interest in the supernatural and wrote a book, Daemonologie, on witchcraft. It must be remembered that, in Shakespeare's day, supernatural referred to things that were "above Nature"; things which existed, but not part of the normal human life and unexplainable. The play Macbeth involves many supernatural actions that act as a catalyst for suspense and thrill, insight into character, foreshadowing of future events as well as making connections with the theme. In the opening scene of the play, the entrance of the three witches depicts the first presence of supernatural in Macbeth.
To conclude Shakespeare used the supernatural, to show how easily someone’s fatal flaw can be exploited to bring them to an end. This is extremely relevant to his audience at that time as well, no one knows, but Shakespeare could have been a non believer in the supernatural and wanted to show it as a figment of the mind, that can only result in insanity or he could have believed the popular opinion that the supernatural did exist and caused terror and evil throughout that period. Either way he wrote Macbeth in such a way to leave questions about the supernatural in peoples mind.