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Causes and impacts of crusades
Causes and impacts of crusades
Causes and impacts of crusades
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The article, Shadow of a Bloody Past, written by Tom Holland, explains the relationship between the recent events concerning ISIS & Islamic radical groups, and the faith’s long-lasting feud with sinister disbelievers of the Koran’s holy message, the Christians (and more broadly the entirety of Western Civilization itself). Holland begins by using a direct quote from Osama bin Laden, in which he states “that the people of Islam have always suffered from aggression, iniquity and injustice imposed on them by the Zionist-Crusader alliance.” In this quote, he addresses the entirety of people against his people’s message as either ‘Zionist’ (Jewish, in support of Israel becoming a state in the late 1940s) or ‘Crusader’, which we know to be …show more content…
a Christian defender of their faith. Fundamentally Tom analyzes that the landscape from which bin Laden’s cause in centered, isn’t today’s society (where religions aren’t the major ruling force of nations in western civilizations), but the times of the prophet Muhammad. This viewpoint inferred further when even ISIS stated that France was the location they attacked because it was the ‘capital of the Cross.’ Nevertheless, Holland moves through the history of Muslim civilization and it rise.
He describes how the Arabs of the time felt it their duty to attain global power over all, beginning with capturing the holy city of Jerusalem itself. However, they were opposed by what they would go on to call the ‘House of War’, which were the Christians. Before, during, and after the Crusades Christians were the evident opposition to the globalization of Islam. Holland cites the Byzantine Empire as an example of refute against these ideals, seeing as it was unsuccessfully sieged twice by Islamic forces, and had been seen by the Muslims as the ‘grinding stalemate’ to their cause. Over the years this hatred grew, colonization of America by the Christians and global trade markets cropped into place by the Christians were what Muslims saw, and they did not care for it. Though their efforts to claim the world shifted, as they saw the their dominance lessen, reverting from ruler to subordinate to Christian and western civilization, they looked to earlier times as a reference for their …show more content…
cause. Over time, encouraged by the origin story of a sovereign faith rising from the desert and taking the Mideast by storm, Islam has found itself at the peak of their battle against the Crusaders, yet that time passed long ago. Tom Holland touches the important notion that Muslims are resurfacing the age of violence that came with those times, and that those time’s rebirth is now much “less a fantasy as [it once was].” This article, which dictates a select population of Muslims, brings to light a dismal viewpoint of exemplar Islamic radical groups which has long since outstayed its time.
During the time of the Crusades, piety was understood to a level that we today aren’t even capable of comprehending. When we learn about these times it is scary to believe that warriors of a God could bring themselves to harming their fellow man. In those times the Middle East was ground zero for this conflict, spawning out of it the deaths of many innocent people at the hands of faith itself. Over time this connection grew, civilizations were built in their God’s names and eventually the Muslims were the rulers of those holy lands. The idea was that in Allah or Christ’s name this faith must be protected and sought after with the blood of infidels on your hands. It has culminated the Middle East into a region which uses these ideals against the outside world. Through countless battles to the death for both sides a legacy of martial violence was born. What remains frightening is the resulting factors of this tragedy: though the Christian cause had dramatically shifted away from the brute violence which once served the people, the Islamic world used these times horridly as a reminder of how to regain their power, dominion, and drive their holy cause. It is not a question of whether or not we should consider these barbaric times as a thing of the past, rather it is that we must now understand the
totality of chaos concerning “the dangerous nature of the memories ISIS is playing with.”
Foss explains, “What Urban needed was an enterprise, clearly virtuous in serving the ends of Christiandome… in these moments of reflection, the popes mind turned towards Jerusalem.” Urban II reflects back on the first taking of the Holy City after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in 1071, and begins to question what his people know about the Turkish race and really the ideology of Islamic thought. Foss goes on to examine the ignorance of westerners and needed to be “reminded [by the pope] of the infamous heathens, their cruelty and hatred of Christians,” hoping this would justify the first Holy Crusade. However, Foss identifies the creativity of the Pope’s language to persuade the knights and army of the people to embark on the Holy Crusade based on the Muslims cruel actions turned onto their fellow Christians. Claiming the Muslims “Killed captives by torture…poor captives were whipped…and others were bound to the post and used as a target for arrows.” Foss examines the Popes words as an effective effort of persuasion in creating an army of crusaders to help clean “…Holy places, which are now treated with ignominy and polluted with Filthiness” and any sacrifice in Jerusalem is a “promise of a spiritual reward… and death for
All in all, this short selection of Usama’s writings does much to further the understanding of the effects on the crusades on many Muslims during this period, though since this was written by an affluent elite it does not describe much of the general populous’ experience. It also provides a good overview of the interactions between Muslims themselves. This was a time fraught with danger and division but Usama’s work shows that a common thread kept many together and preserved a civilization that still exists to this very day.
During The First Crusade peasants and knights alike fought for God and glory travelling east towards Jerusalem. In 1099 Christian forces reached Jerusalem and prepared for recapture. The western crusaders attacked the city and gained control of it. During the capture of Jerusalem, the crusading forces massacred not only Muslims, but Jews and even other Christians. Men women and children alike, no one was safe from these crusaders who did what they wanted. They butchered Jerusalem’s inhabitants in the streets, without care of what God might think (which is ironic considering this w...
Religion is a part of society that is so closely bound to the rest of one’s life it becomes hard to distinguish what part of religion is actually being portrayed through themselves, or what is being portrayed through their culture and the rest of their society. In Holy Terrors, Bruce Lincoln states that religion is used as a justifiable mean of supporting violence and war throughout time (Lincoln 2). This becomes truly visible in times such as the practice of Jihad, the Reformation, and 9/11. The purpose of this essay is to show that as long as religion is bound to a political and cultural aspect of a community, religious war and destruction will always occur throughout the world. A historical methodology will be deployed in order to gain
Professor Paul Cobb’s The Race for Paradise is a very unique portrayal of history—it appeals to academic specialists and casual readers with detail and original sources with numerous endnotes that contain references with comments that are fit for anyone wanting to broaden their knowledge on some of the aspects that this book touches upon. All the while constructing an engaging and a rather interesting narrative story that informs the reader how Muslim societies saw, reacted to, and adapted to the European crusades. His story is very broad and covers many key points in Islamic history, beginning with Muslim-Christian conflicts well before the, what is known to be, first crusade around 1095-1101. On page six of The Race for Paradise, Cobb states
Brian. A Catlos’ novel, Infidel Kings and Unholy Warriors: Faith, Power, and Violence in the Age of Crusade and Jihad, provides a detailed account of various sites of inter-religious interaction throughout the medieval Mediterranean from the 10th to 12th centuries. Throughout the novel, Catlos illustrates the influence of religion on the relationships and coexistence between the three Abrahamic religions - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam - and the role it plays in the immense violence of the period. The varying perspectives demonstrate how religion acted more as a bridge between cultures than a barrier, and how conflicts deemed as of religious origin were oftentimes driven predominantly by the mundane factor of greed and self-interest rather than existential resentment of opposing groups.
The Crusades were one of the most prominent events in Western European history; they were not discrete and unimportant pilgrimages, but a continuous stream of marching Western armies (Crusaders) into the Muslim world, terminating in the creation and eventually the fall of the Islamic Kingdoms. The Crusades were a Holy War of Roman Christianity against Islam, but was it really a “holy war” or was it Western Europe fighting for more land and power? Through Pope Urban II and the Roman Catholic Church’s actions, their proposed motivations seem unclear, and even unchristian. Prior to the Crusades, Urban encouraged that Western Europe fight for their religion but throughout the crusades the real motivations shone though; the Crusaders were power hungry, land coveting people who fought with non Christian ideals and Morales.
Maalouf’s main thesis in The Crusades Through Arab Eyes is that the crusades are a major part of history and have truly influenced every one of our lives. The second pa...
Among some of the largest conflicts in the world stand the Crusades; a brutal conflict that lasted over 200 years and was debatably one of the largest armed religious conflicts in the history of humankind. Since this is so clearly an event of importance, historians have searched vigorously for the true answer as to why the crusades began. Ultimately, because of accusatory views on both the sides of the Christians and of the Muslims, the two groups grew in such hatred of each other that they began to act in deep discrimination of each other. Moreover, Christian motives seemed to be driven mostly by the capture of Jerusalem, the dark ages of Europe and the common-folks desperation for land, wealth, and a spot in heaven. What seems to be continually
Stark believes the Crusades occupy a valuable place in Christian history. He also recognizes that most historians would not agree with his findings. His goal is to examine the motives of the Crusaders and thereby defend their mission to recapture the city of Jerusalem. Most historians portray the Crusaders as barbaric, greedy for material gain, and on the prowl to convert souls. Stark claims misunderstandings like this have been around for three hundred years. Stark spells out the common misconception: “During the Crusades an expansionist, imperialistic Christendom brutalized, looted and colonized a tolerant and peaceful Islam” (8). Stark lays the blame for the Crusades at the feet of the Muslim community. Islamic colonization began in the seventh century and swept over Christian communities in “the Middle East, Egypt and all of North Africa, and then Spain and southern Italy, and many major Mediterranean islands including Sicily, Corsica, Cyprus, Rhodes, Crete, Malta, and Sardinia” (9).
The Student Life recently published an article, “On the Distortion of Islam and the Muslim World,” in which the author, Taylor Schmitt, rejects the use of the name ISIS since this “gang of fools is neither Islamic nor a state.” Not only does the author state that Islam is not to blame for the cruelties committed in its name, but he goes on to say that ISIS is not an Islamic group at all, a statement which is totally false.
In order for the crusades to begin, the Christians needed to gather an army to travel and fight the forces of Muslims. With all the power being held by monarchies at this time, the church needed to be cleaver in order to gain troops to put their lives on the line. To gain the support of these warriors and dedication of men, Pope Urban II (1088-1099) challenged those morals of men by telling them to grab their weapons and join the holy war to recover the land of Jerusalem. It was not the challenge that convinced men to take part in this war. The promise of “immediate remission of sins” attracted the men to stand up for their religion and beliefs while at the same time, promising them a trip to heaven when life comes to an end. With this statement, men instantly prepared for battle which in a very short period of time gave the church power which has been held by the monarchies. Men of rich and poor prepared for battle, some wearing ...
“We have fifty million Muslims in Europe. There are signs that Allah will grant Islam victory in Europe - without swords, without guns, without conquests. The fifty million Muslims of Europe will turn it into a Muslim continent within a few decades. Europe is in a predicament, and so is America. They should agree to become Islamic in the course of time, or else declare war on the Muslims.”
In both given articles, “The Roots of Muslim Rage” by Bernard Lewis, and “The Roots of Muslim Rage Revisited” by Nicolaas J.E. van der Zee, argue about the enhancement of the Muslim fundamentalism with different perspectives; however, I believe that Lewis’ view may be quiet misleading to the actual perception. Lewis indicates that Muslim fundamentalism is conceived through the Muslim community’s oppression and dissatisfaction with the West’s political involvement, as well as “Islam is a source of aggression” . In defiance of Lewis’ opinion, the word ‘Islam’ comes from the word peace as well as the will of submission to God. The notion of aggression and violence that Lewis conceptualizes to be the headline of Islam does not have any supporting
There is a strong belief that Islam and politics are directly tied. They are tied in the sense that the building blocks of the religion dictate how they ought to behave in the political environment. Through this mandatory follow up behavior that the religion delineates, many have come to believe that its teachings are a form of terrorism. Mandaville argues that what has challenged the Islamic link between politics and religion was the emergence of secularism, which went against the belief that politics and religion could go together. Islam has been a religion that has been accused of supporting terrorist activities in the world. Different assumptions have been brought up to understand better the linkages between what really lies behind the Islam religion and politics. Peter Mandaville argues that Islam is dynamic and that it has changed over time; situated within time and politics.