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World War I and II took a toll on many nations, one of them being Britain. After Britain finished fighting two world wars they were struggling with debt (India, 36). This is a major reason that leads them to withdraw from many of their colonies. There was also rising tension between Hindus and Muslims in this empire, which was getting out of control. The separation of Pakistan and India was beneficial for Hindus and Muslims alike. Muslims were the minority group in India before the separation and they felt that they did not have as much power or advantage over Hindus. The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 and it was primary goal was to gain a greater voice for Indians in the government. Although the INC wanted to defend all Indians, the Hindus compromised much of their leadership. Because of this, Muslims highly doubted that their voices would be heard due to the Hindu majority and that resulted in many leaving the INC (Patel, 68). This eventually led Muslims to protect their interests which gave rise to the India Muslim League (IML) in 1906. There was an increasing amount of violence between Muslims and Hindus that lead up to …show more content…
the separation of the empire. This violence was sometimes localized dealing with issues such as Muslims killing cows or Hindus defiling mosques and some was due to the fact that Hindus were receiving more job opportunities when British rule opened up high profession positions (Patel, 68). Other times violence was more widespread. The East India Company army was controlled by British troops who were in charge of local soldiers (or sepoys). In order for the sepoys to load their rifles they had to bite open the cartridges, but a rumor said that the grease on them were pig or cow fat and the Hindus refused to do it. For this many sepoys were arrested and later a large rebellion broke out against British troops for the people that were arrested (Black, 8). Another example of rampant violence that ultimately triggered the partition was a large fight that broke out in Calcutta, India where 5,000 people were slain (Black, 8). Separation of the British Indian Empire allowed for self determination.
Self determination is the process by which a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government. This is exactly what India and Pakistan were able to do when they were separated. For example, they both played parts in the cold war. India was completely neutral, and Pakistan allied with the United States to prevent Soviet expansion in Asia (India, 36). Another example would be in 1974 when India tested a plutonium-based bomb after Pakistan celebrated their 40th anniversary separated from India. India said it was a “peaceful nuclear explosive (Schorr, 19). These examples show that the Britain’s separation and withdrawal from the two subcontinents allows them to make their own choices and possibly benefit from
them. In order to inhibit a civil war Britain had to make the decision to partition their empire and withdraw. Muslims were not equal to Hindus, there was too much violence, and it allowed for them to practice self determination. Although the countries still have issues, like every country, there was a lot of good that came from the separation of Pakistan and India. It was beneficial for Britain to partition India and Pakistan because if they had waited longer or done nothing at all a civil war would have created more split up countries rather than just two. Although the countries still have issues, like every country, there was a lot of good that came from the separation of Pakistan and India.
Daily life was influenced in both Ancient India as well as in Ancient China by religion and philosophies. Their caste system, their beliefs, and their well being affected the religion and philosophies.
As I have read the primary sources, it became clear to me that African Americans and Indians wants to be treated equally and fairly. As I read "An Indian's View of Indian Affairs" by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce, the main thing that caught my attention was "Treat all men alike. Give them the same laws." This caught my attention because he clearly talked about the way he was tired of white men having all of the authority and the chiefs who would always talk about equality or fairness, but fails to show it with their actions. Also, he went on to say that everyone should be treated as one because essentially everyone is one and was born the same way. Basically, his view was an argument to state that it's not right to treat one person better or
I remember it clear as day, “As the telegraph flashed news of Lincoln’s election,” we, “South Carolina legislature called a convention to take the state out of the Union. Within six weeks, the six other states of the lower South had also called conventions” (McPherson, 139). Electors quickly nominated delegates after concentrated campaigns. By February 9, 1861, three months subsequent to Lincoln’s election, representatives from these states met in Montgomery, Alabama, assuming an interim constitution for the Confederate States of America, selecting Jefferson Davis as the makeshift head of state.
For centuries, India was a country of separate dynasties and kingdoms, which often led to a wide variety of cultural and ethnic tensions and continuous change of power for many of the kingdoms. They viewed each other as enemies, which created an opportunity for countries, such as England, to invade and eventually rule much of the country. Britain colonized the Indian subcontinent (present-day countries of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) from 1757 until 1947 (Iyer 2). Not all areas were directly under British control, in other cases Indian rulers governed them, and power was split between the two (Iyer 2). For the British, India was strategically placed in terms of geography, manpower, natural resources, and land, as well as many other sectors (Maddison 1).
...ndia was rendered unable to progress economically and socially because of their forced dependence on Britain that made the nation unstable. Today, Britain remains an advanced country with a stable economy and strong government while India is filled with corruption, poverty, and crime. British involvement in India forever changed the course of history, and eventually determined the world we know today. While the British were able to thrive in this imperialized society, the most basic rights to freedom and equality were deprived from Indian citizens for centuries. British Imperialism in India allowed Europeans and even people in the Americas to thrive with the valuable goods from India, while people in India were rendered helpless to the greedy hands of stronger nations who believed they were superior and had a right to take whatever they wished from Indian citizens.
The Transformation of the “Indian Problem”. In this paper, I plan to examine the marked transformation and the history of the so-called “Indian Problem.” The idea of an “Indian Problem” began with the arrival of white settlers in North America, and for them, it was a problem of safety, security, and land acquisition. Around 1890, the “Indian Problem” became an issue of how to help the Indians go extinct humanely, or to assimilate into white culture.
tunate areas. By 1919 some countries had however, acquired a large degree of independence, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa were now known as part of the Commonwealth rather than part of the Empire, the traditional balance of power had been destroyed. In this sense the First World War was a significant turning point in Britain’s relations with India, it strengthened the determination of Indian nationalists to press Britain for independence at a time of economic crisis in Britain in the interwar years and it was this that eventually led to Britain’s complete withdrawal from India. Bibliography = ==
The partition of India left the subcontinent divided and devastated. Homes were dislocated as boundaries between the two countries were drawn. Scores of people were uprooted they had to leave behind all their material possessions and move on to be relocated. A couple of decades passed before the subcontinent could accept the reality of the two countries-one of them in two parts and separated by more than two thousand miles. From the late sixties differences between East and West Pakistan got aggravated and the burning cauldron finally exploded in 1971.
India is Sri Lanka’s closest neighbor and natural ally with its historic, cultural and linguistic similarities. Relationship between Indian and Sri Lanka is highly matured considering the asymmetric differences and India’s consistent commitment towards Sri Lankan policy. In this decade, India and Sri Lanka build a very strong relationship and came to close contacts at the highest level in terms of politics, growing trade and investment, cooperation in the fields of development, education, culture and defense, and understanding on major issues of international interest. Though there is some turbulence in Indo-Sri Lankan relations particularly with domestic politics playing a new dynamics in relationship between neighboring countries. In a vast
Indian sub-continent was a British colony for close to two hundred years. After the Second World War faced with intense independence movement in India led my Mohandas Gandhi, the British government decided to leave India. As the British left India, they broke the subcontinent into different countries based mainly on religion and ethnicity. The countries were, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, Nepal and Pakistan (Picture of Indian subcontinent). Among the countries, Pakistan was created with unique setting. It had two wings, East and West Pakistan separated by one thousand miles of Indian Territory (Picture of East and West Pakistan). Only thing that bound the people in East and West Pakistan was their religion, Islam. They had different culture, different language, and different history.
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
Whilst the growth of Indian nationalism put considerable pressure on the Raj, historians offer many interpretations as to the fundamental cause of Independence. Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement and subsequent campaigns meant that nationalism began to appeal to the masses and helped establish a broad based movement for Independence. However, the British were always able to supress the nationalist movements, through reform or by using force, up to the Quit India movement of 1942. British involvement in the Great War and particularly the Second World War placed them in a weaker position economically, whilst the social and political expectations of the Indian people were changing, which strengthened nationalism and discontent.
By the year 1857 the British had established complete political control of India. As Western education was introduced and missionaries eroded Hindu society resentment among Indian people grew and it was joined by unease among the old governing class when the British decided to formally abolish the Mughal Empire.
India, before 1947, was a country divided by many regions, languages, religions and cultures. On August 14th, 1947, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan became independent. On August 15th, 1947, the jewel of the British Empire, India, was granted independence. India had been divided, primarily along a religious line, into two pieces.
We can start by recounting history, where the roots of the conflict lie. India was one massive nation made up of several states, ruled by the British. A long and difficult independence struggle culminated with the British choosing to leave India in August 1947. The Muslims of the land decided that instead of just a Free India, they would create a Free Pakistan for themselves as well. They were fearful that as a minority, the Hindu majority would trample their rights and religion. Both countries would be formed as soon as the British handed back control in August. The rulers of each individual state constituting India would chose which country to join, hopefully following the wishes of its people. This idea was fraught with problems. There were quite a few states that had a majority of one religion yet the ruler belonged to another faith. The states of Hyderabad and Junagarh were examples of this. Both had Hindu majorities and M...