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Nature of psychological behaviour
Social influence on behaviour
Social influence on behaviour
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Behavior and perception are two psychological concepts that go hand-in-hand. Behavior can have several different definitions, however, it is most commonly seen as the way in which we conduct ourselves, especially towards other individuals. Perception, on the other hand, is the process by which we assign meaning to an event. Perception is highly subjective; every person differs in how they perceive the world around them. For example, one individual might see a break-up with a significant other in a way that victimizes them, as if the world is out to get them. This would most likely result in some kind of reactive behavior; outbursts of anger, negativity towards others, or passive language. While this may apply to one individual, a different …show more content…
From the psychological point of view, the two main factors that will be examined are self-efficacy and locus of control. From a sociological point of view, the two main factors that will be examined are the social and cultural differences between different individuals. From a biological point of view, the behavior of a medical practitioner in a healthcare setting and how it effects those they treat will be examined. All three of these factors, psychological, social, and biological, each play a unique role in forming our perceptions about the world and thus, our behavior.
How Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control Influence Personal Behavior, Personal Perceptions, and Society in General Perhaps one of the most significant ways in which behaviors and perceptions are shaped is through psychological factors such as self-efficacy and locus of control. Self-efficacy, not to be confused with self-esteem, is defined as the belief in one’s capabilities to achieve a goal or specific outcome (Kirk, 2016). Those that possess a strong sense of self-efficacy are more apt to push themselves, rather than back down, when confronted with a difficult task. They also tend to be more internally motivated than those with poor self-efficacy. Locus of control is the
Skinner, Ellen A. Perceived Control, Motivation, & Coping. Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. 1995.
Perception is the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. When we meet people for the first time we tend to have mixed emotions about a person both positive and negative. We tend to stereotype people for the way they look, act, and who they hang out with. As people we should think about the way we act and react to people and other things. Put yourself in other people’s shoes and see where they are coming from.
Leaving a legacy is something everybody should strive to do, but nobody who is content with living an average life will ever do so. That’s why in order to be remembered, you must do the things nobody has ever done before. A great man once said “If you would not be forgotten as soon as you are dead or rotten, either write something worth reading or do things worth the writing.”(Benjamin Franklin). The average person wouldn’t find this quote as meaningful as the protagonists in the novels Beowulf, The Time Machine, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, and 1984 would. They realize what it takes to leave a legacy because not only are they Self-Efficant, they are intrinsically motivated as well.
Nearly everyone in the modern world has heard of the term self-control, a seemingly non-important or uninteresting topic of interest. However, self-control has been related to having one of the most significant impacts on a person. Even some have gone as far to say that self-control is the “biggest predictor of a successful and satisfying life” (Pinker 1), which are bold words for a topic that many merely disregard. The idea of self-control is a concept coined in the Victorian era, and appears immensely throughout the novel, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, written by R.F. Baumeister & J. Tierney. Essentially a self-help book, ‘Willpower’ provides explanations for why humans are doing the things that they do, and why people aren’t always as virtuous as they may be expected to be. Self-control affects many facets of a person’s life, and by looking at how it is presented in psychology, and in Baumeister and Tierney’s novel, Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength, one will see the correlations and differences between modern research and historical perspectives on the idea of self-control, and ultimately decide if the idea of self-control is an inherent trait or a learned condition.
This includes their family, religion, race, ethnicity, and kinship. All of these play a role in the person’s cultural behavior. These are the things that are acquired or not genetically given. Communication refers to verbal and nonverbal forms of interacting. This includes spoken, written, gestures, body language, space, and facial expressions. The last aspect is environmental control. Understanding different cultures view on when they seek health care related to their environmental control is important. Different cultures seek health care based on their culture’s views of illness and disease, their medical practices, and their use of folk medicine (Giger,
Self-regulation is a theory of human behavior involving cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral components and it refers to self generated thoughts, feelings and actions that are planned and cyclically adapted to the attainment of personal goals (Boekaerts, Pintrich & Zeidner, 2005). Self-regulation is a continuing process that occurs both consciously and unconsciously that affect the ability to control responses (Strauman, Kolden, Stromquist, Davis, Kwapil, Heerey & Schneider, 2001). It is a skill that has overarching effects on an individual’s ability to tolerate unmet wants or needs, handle disappointments and failures, and work towards success. Hence, self-regulation refers to the
I have a bad habit of procrastinating when I am not interest in a certain subject. Ultimately it leads to me having to rush through projects rather than take my time with them. This leads to poor performance and a reduced feeling of self-worth. Since changing my outlook on procrastination and breaking task down into smaller project I am able to establish an internal-locus-of-control. I control my own fate by exhibiting a sense of self control and setting aside impulsive behavior that adversely affect my performance
30). In 2001, Bearden et al. affirm that self-confidence is correlated with people’s behaviors and their decisions in general. Individuals who have solid self-confidence express high level of self-esteem, self-regard and more sense of pride to themselves (Chuang et al., 2013). Their tendency is more optimistic in most of circumstances (Rosenberg, 1979) and when they are facing complicated situations, self-confidence plays an important role in supporting their decisions (Bearden et al, 2001). The characteristics of self-confidence indicated by White (2009) are trusted in positive accomplishment (self-assertion and optimism), persistence (endurance, flexibility, goal setting and anticipation) and self-awareness (judgment, intrinsic part and worries). On the other hand, the low level of self-confidence will make people feel pessimistic and less self-respect, they can only view their inappropriateness, imperfection and valuelessness (Rosenberg, 1979). Some researchers determine the determinants of self-confidence as precise knowledge and self-efficacy (De Cremer & Van Hiel; 2008). Self-confidence is not an inborn attribute, it can be shaped and progressed through the experiences of figuring out how to encounter with the
Social cognitive theory is different from social learning theory because it takes into account cognitive processes including thinking, memory, language, and evaluating consequences. According to social cognitive theory, individuals play a part in their development (Malone, 2002). Cognitive patterns play a very large role in depression (Furman & Bender, 2003). For example, people don’t have a motivation to move forward in difficult times if they don’t believe they are able to do so. Self- efficacy is an important part of personal agency, and a main aspect in social cognitive theory (Bandura, 2001). A person’s perceived abilities and confidence play a part in what he or she does in his or her life. Cognition becomes a motivator or a hindrance, according to social cognitive theory. A person’s perceived self- efficacy helps determine what a person chooses to do, the amount of effort they put into it, and how long they can persist if there are barriers or failures that occur. How a person sees failure is also influential (Bandura, 20...
He indicated that self-efficacy is the judgement of one’s personal capabilities. It is dependant on how a person perceives their past performances as well as how they feel they will perform in the future (Luszczynska, Benight, Cieslak, 2009). Therefore, someone who has high self-efficacy, has confidence that they can successfully master a specific task. On the other hand, an individual with low self-efficacy does not feel confident in their abilities to perform a certain behavior or reach a particular goal. Bandura considered self-efficacy to be the most important aspect of behavioral change. As stated by Glanz & Rimer (2005), in order to increase self-efficacy, an individual must set achievable goals in increments that will have
“The extent to which people believe they have power over events in their lives. A person with an internal locus of control believes that he or she can influence events and their outcomes, while someone with an external locus of control blames outside forces for everything,” (Fournier, n.d.). There are two types of people in this world whose results can be effectively measured using Locus of control. Locus of control can be used as measuring tool in people who feel; that they are accountable for their own behaviours. Individuals who score a high internal result on a locus of control test tend to believe that they are in control of their own destiny and everything that happens to them is their own doing. But, individuals with
Due to this cultural and language barriers, individual from vast cultures may differ than those who are not restricted. This is because those with restrictions, are withheld from exploring and experiencing. Furthermore, regarding the Locus of Control Inventory, it lacks consistency and accuracy/validity as the questions put forwards are those of extreme matters and some are unrealistic to pose a definite answer. This inventory lacks diversity as there are cultural restrictions and language barriers that does not enable one to do or state certain
The way that each individual interprets, retrieves, and responds to the information in the world that surrounds you is known as perception. It is a personal way of creating opinions about others and ourselves in everyday life and being able to recognize it under various conditions. Each person’s perceptions are used as a kind of filter that every piece of information has to pass through before it determines the effect that it has or will have on the person from the stimulus. It is convincing to believe that we create multiple perceptions about different situations and objects each day. Perceptions reflect our opinions in many ways. The quality of a person’s perceptions is very important and can affect the response that is given through different situations. Perception is often deceived as reality. “Through perception, people process information inputs into responses involving feelings and action.” (Schermerhorn, et al.; p. 3). Perception can be influenced by a person’s personality, values, or experiences which, in turn, can play little role in reality. People make sense of the world that they perceive because the visual system makes practical explanations of the information that the eyes pick up.
Perception is a mysterious thing; it faces a lot of misconception, for it can merely be described as a lens, as it decides how someone views the events happening around them. Perception is the definition of how someone decides to use their senses to observe and make conceptions about events or conditions they see or that are around them. Perception also represents how people choose to observe regardless if it’s in a negative or positive way. In other words, perception can be described as people's cognitive function of how they interpret abstract situations or conjunctures around them. All in all, perception can do three things for someone: perception can change the way someone thinks in terms of their emotions and motivations, perception acts
The concept of self-efficacy is grounded in Bandura’s (1977) social learning theory. Bandura (1994) defines perceived self-efficacy as “people’s beliefs about their capabilities to produce efforts” (p. 71). In essence, one having strong self-efficacy experience increase in motivation, accomplishment, and personal well-being ( Bandura, 1994). Those with a low sense of self-efficacy, on the other hand, often suffer stress and depression; unbelieving of their capabilities and often succumbed to failure (Bandura, 1994).