In "The Birthmark" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hawthorne explores the theme science versus nature through Aylmer, who exemplifies the “man of [scientific]” knowledge (Hawthorne 211). Georgiana, on the other hand, is naïve to the science of her husband and would much rather leave nature alone, as seen when she is asked to remove a perfect flower: “It is magical!’ cried Georgiana. ‘I dare not to touch it” (Hawthorne 219). Aylmer creates inventions that manipulate nature for performing miracles; however, Aylmer’s ambitions to strive for human perfection ultimately kill his wife, Georgiana. Although the focus of the story is based on Georgiana’s flawed mark, it is Aylmer who seems to be misguided and flawed himself. Aylmer is often seen as “playing” the role of god and obsessed with his desire for human perfection. He …show more content…
becomes unreasonably stubborn about his wife’s “visible mark of earthly imperfection” leading him to put her at risk just to dispose of the mark (Hawthorne 212). Aylmer has a deep devotion to perfection and is on a journey for his own satisfaction and divinity; however, he fails to notice the imperfection in his wife is what maintains her humanity. Georgiana’s humanity is what keeps her alive, but the removal of “the mark upon [her] cheek” becomes her death (Hawthorne 212). Aylmer is more than just a character in “The Birthmark”, but rather, he is a symbol of science and intellect. By making Aylmer a symbol of science and intellect, Hawthorne is able to show the dangers of an ambition without morals and values. Such an ambition will only result in calamity and death. Although the story seems to revolve around Aylmer and Georgiana’s birthmark only, Georgiana herself also serves as an important symbol throughout the story. Georgiana is the representation of mortality and “the symbol of [human] imperfection” due to her birthmark, but beyond the birthmark she symbolizes divine perfection. Aylmer himself says, “There is no taint of imperfection on thy spirit” (Hawthorne 214, 223). Georgiana is a balance between matter and spirit. Amusingly, though, her balance is excessive, which ultimately leads to her fault. Her emotions allow her to be neither perpetually determined like Aylmer, nor simply happy like Aminadab: “Were I stronger, it might be endured hopefully. But, being what I find myself, methinks I am of all mortals the most fit to die” (Hawthorne 223). As the story progresses, Georgiana becomes increasingly sensitive to her blemish and surroundings. She considers the mark as a “charm” to something unnatural due to Aylmer’s consistent remarks (Hawthorne 212). She declares it will drive her to madness, saying, “[T]his hateful mark makes me the object of your horror and disgust,--life is a burden which I would fling down with joy” (Hawthorne 215). This proves to be her fatal flaw as she would rather die in peace than live with criticism of her husband’s attitude and opinion. The philosophical conclusions of manipulating nature for morality that society can draw from “The Birthmark” are also supported by scientific research that has been done on genetic mutation.
According to the University of Edinburgh, “Brain study confirms gene mutation link to psychiatric disorders.” A highly anticipated genetic engineering called genome editing has had controversies. Genome editing is inserting, deleting, or replacing the genome of an organism. This means bad DNA strands such as cancer could be cut out of humans’ genes, but genome editing could have major drawbacks. Brain scans have shown that genetic mutation has effects on the structure, function and chemistry of the brain, which ultimately can lead to major psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Researchers led by the University of Edinburgh found mutation had lower levels of a chemical called glutamate in major areas in the brain. Low levels of glutamate have been strong links with schizophrenia and severe symptoms of mental ill health. They hope to continue studying people with mutation will one day reveal new insights to biological
mechanism.
In the short story, “The Birthmark” Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the characters, foreshadowing, symbolism, and other rhetorical devices to alert people of the consequences of man having the power to control and alter nature. Additionally, through his skillful usage of diction, Hawthorne warns of the effects of seeking perfection through science. In “The Birthmark”, Aylmer, a man devoted entirely to science, marries Georgiana, a beautiful young woman with a single imperfection. Georgiana’s imperfection bears the resemblance of a tiny crimson hand and is visible on her left cheek. The birthmark becomes the object of Aylmer’s obsession and he resolves to use his scientific prowess to correct “what Nature left imperfect in her fairest work.” He succeeds in removing the birthmark; however, he unfortunately causes his wife’s death in the process. Through “The Birthmark”, Hawthorne suggests that nothing paradisiacal can exist on this earth, and that being imperfect is just part of being human.
Yet they have not fully considered the implications of its underlying philosophy for many of the social and ethical concerns that dominate his canon and, importantly, for his aesthetic.” I found this article extremely hard to read and get through although some things throughout the article were quite interesting. In my opinion, the writer, Mary E. Rucker, did a fine job at staying on point throughout the entire article covering all the points she was making. I do agree with the interpretation that Mary E. Rucker did of the story “The Birth-Mark.” She does a good job going in depth on the character “Aylmer,” who is a brilliant yet misguided scientist and the protagonist of the story. Aylmer’s experiments and creations have made him famous in the scientific community. Although his intentions are good, Aylmer is a selfish and cruel man whose delusions ultimately kill his wife. Ultimately, this article did help me to understand “The Birth-Mark,” written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, somewhat
In Nathanial Hawthorne’s “The Birth-Mark,” Aylmer, a crazed, “mad-scientist,” seeks to remove the scarlet handprint birthmark from his wife, Georgiana’s cheek. From the opening of the work, the third person narrator describes Aylmer’s obsession with science and the adverse effects it has had on his social life. Aylmer is tied up in this battle within himself and with his assigned association between the natural and the spiritual world. He wishes to have as much control over these colliding worlds as possible, granting himself god-like power and control in the process. In the art of manipulating nature through science, Aylmer believes he is able to alter the spiritual aspects of the natural as well. Aylmer’s focus on spirituality is Hawthorne’s way of commenting on mankind’s fixation on sin and redemption.
The Symbolic Use of Nature in The Scarlet Letter In Nathaniel Hawthorne's classic The Scarlet Letter, nature plays a very important and symbolic role. Hawthorne uses nature to convey the mood of a scene, to describe characters, and to link the natural elements with human nature. Many of the passages that have to do with nature accomplish more than one of these ideas. All throughout the book, nature is incorporated into the story line.
There are numerous instances of ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Birthmark”; this essay hopes to explore critics’ comments on that problem within the tale, as well as to analyze it from this reader’s standpoint.
The birthmark is a compelling story of one man’s obsession with his scientific ability to produce perfection. Aylmer, a scientist, is married to a Georgiana who is a very beautiful woman. Not long after getting married Georgiana’s birthmark, which is in the shape of a tiny handprint on her check, really begins to bother Aylmer. He sees it as a flaw in an other wise perfect woman. Georgiana knows that her birthmark disgusts him and, having grown up not bother at all by it, begins to hate it herself. He asks if she has ever considered having it removed. This is not something she has considered since other people in her life, especially men, have always seen it as a “charm”. Aylmer being an amazing scientist almost sees himself as god and feels that he has the power to remove this imperfection. Georgiana, bothered by her husband’s reaction to her birthmark, agrees to let him try to rid her of it. She is taken to his laboratory and he immediately begins to experiment. After she finds Aylmer’s book of experiments, which all end in failure, she for the first time, has some doubt about how this will work and confronts him. He reassures her and begins to try a multitude of methods, with the help of his assistant Aminadab, which do not work. At one point, there are several experiments going on and he even refers to himself as a “sorcerer” (Hawthorne 232). Finally, he produces a potion, which she drinks, and the birthmark begins to disappear! Slowly though, even as the experiment is working, Georgiana is fading away. He finds that ultimately, the birthmark was connected to her very soul and in his trying to act god like he actually kills her. Really this short story just proves that science has its limits and no man should try to act like G...
In today’s society, it seems that we cannot turn the television on or look in a
In “The Birthmark,” Aylmer is the force of evil that wants to change Georgiana, who is an innocent character. She eventually comes to believe in his opinions and he corrupts her self-image. Aylmer thinks he can make Georgiana perfect and change what Georgiana got naturally. As previously mentioned, he eventually causes Georgiana’s death with this search for perfection. Hawthorne takes advantage of tying in his ideals with the story to illustrate, once again, that striving for physical perfection can be
It is hard to say that one is human and perfect at the same time. Human beings are not capable of achieving perfection; if that would be so, humans would stop being humans. By nature the human race is full of flaws, some appearing as early as in the womb. From defects in the body, to defects in the mind, to the mistakes that one makes in quotidian life, it is impossible to deny that human imperfection exists. To try to manipulate humans into perfection is not only impossible, but it takes away the very essence of being a human being. The short story “The Birthmark” by Nathaniel Hawthorn, illustrates this teaching through the character of Aylmer, an ambitious and devoted scientist who is appalled by his wife Georgiana’s birthmark, believing it to be a perceivable sign of her human flaws and eagerly waits to remove it from her cheek. This story raises riveting questions such as, what is humanity all about, can human beings ever achieve perfection through science, is Hawthorn attacking science or a wider issue, and more significantly, should science take the place of God. Through the use of symbolism in “The Birthmark”, Hawthorn indirectly implies that imperfection is an essential part of being human and that science should not interfere; thus he is hinting his personal views toward science and its limitations over nature.
Even though it is ethical to remove the birthmark for the couple’s culture since it will resolve their looming problem, is it moral in their perspective? Initially, it was implied that Georgina found it wrong to remove it since she first believed the mark as a “charm” (419) but the soon changed when Aylmer believed the opposite of it. Aylmer has always found it morally correct in his eyes that the removal of the birthmark is a need since he only ever saw it as a scorching stigma that derails him from reaching total happiness and bliss. The wrong becomes right and the right becomes wrong, and together, these events led to the ethical extermination of the birthmark.
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story “The Birthmark” is written in third person omniscient. This means that we the reader are able to see and feel each character’s thoughts and feelings, giving us the full story. Aylmer, the protagonist, is a mad scientist who is overly obsessed with trying to control Nature though his experiments. His wife, Georgiana, is, in Aylmer’s eyes, the perfect woman except for a hand shaped birthmark that resides on her cheek. Throughout the story Aylmer attempts numerous scientific experiments in order to remove Georgiana’s birthmark. In the end, Georgiana’s birthmark is removed, but she dies, and Aylmer is left alone. It is clear in “The Birthmark” that Nature will never be defeated man, no matter how powerful man may seem to be.
...t it could only be by intertwining itself with his love of science, and uniting the strength of the latter to his own” (Hawthorne). In an attempt to justify his pleasure, Aylmer mingles adoration for Georgiana with his necessity for perfection. His failure is attributed to his oversight of nature’s goodness combined and the consequences of tampering with nature. There was much foreshadowing about Georgiana’s death, yet Aylmer overlooked all of it, because he was too overpowered by the pleasure that creation and manipulation gives him. Correspondingly, Rappaccini disregarded his intellectual gifts that he could have used beneficially for mankind; rather, he continued to do what gave him personal gratification. Both men had the craving for supremacy; the only way they knew to achieve that is through exploitation of nature, which they both found pleasantly appealing.
“The Birthmark” is a short story written by author Nathaniel Hawthorne. This short story is filled with symbolism and destructive criticism. It follows the scientist Aylmer and his obsession of removing his wife Georgina’s birthmark. The crimson hand-shaped birthmark on the face of an otherwise perfect, beautiful woman contains deep meanings. Through the use of symbolism, Hawthorne demonstrates the issues and themes of the unattainability of perfection, science and nature, humanity’s flaws, and mortality.
Every man before has always complimented Georgiana on her sweet imperfection. People would tell her all the time that true beauty was in that little blemish. Aylmer, being the man of Science wanted to change what nature had created. Typically, we all know better than to go against Nature, but not Aylmer. Georgiana finally agreed to let her husband remove the birthmark due to a frightening dream Aylmer had encountered. Aylmer started working on a potion to remove Georgiana 's birthmark. As soon as Georgiana sipped the potion, she suddenly falls into a deep coma-like state. The birthmark magically disappears from Georgina 's face. However, as the birthmark fades away, so does Georgina 's life. Hawthorne uses Georgiana 's character to symbolize beauty in this story. Georgiana is already made perfect in the eyes of Nature and all other men, expect Aylmer. Aylmer, representing Science, tries to change Georgiana 's beauty that Nature has created. Aylmer was successful in removing the birthmark, but unsuccessful in keeping Georgiana alive. Aylmer was too intertwined in Science to realize that Georgiana was perfectly made by Nature. Nature paid Aylmer back for trying to correct Georgiana 's face by taking the life of his beloved
Science, in this particular story, is represented by Aylmer who thinks of himself as a great scientist. He conducts a scientific experiment in the need to remove his wife’s birthmark. He tries everything he knows to create a magical potion to remove Georgiana’s flaw. Georgiana on the other hand represents nature. Georgiana represents the closest state to perfection that man can aspire to, but her husband is still not content. Feeling that it will be the only possible way to save her marriage, she gives in and tells him to prepare the experiment. In the need to impress her husband, she allows him to experiment with the removal of her birthmark regardless of the risk, or the consequence she might face. In this story, the power of nature prevails in the end. Even though Georgiana is unable to impress her husband with her unique mark, her birthmark captivates almost anyone who looks at it. In the desire to control nature, Aylmer kills his wife. The fate of the world, no matter how dark it is, is in the hands of nature, not science or man. Instead of trying to pursue the ultimate power and trying to change the laws of nature through science, one should pursue happiness in