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Theory of consequentialism
Theory of consequentialism
Consequentialism
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Hypothesis
If we ring a bell for 7-seconds before we feed a fish for a month the fish will be conditioned to knowing, before they eat.
Key Words
Behavior- manner of behaving or acting.
Associate- to connect or bring into relation, as thought, feeling, memory, etc.
Conditioning- a particular mode of being a person or thing.
Research
Our project is how to train goldfish. We want to test the behavior of the fish. In the other we will just feed them. The constants are the tank, the amount of the goldfish, the feeding time, the rocks, and the days we clean the tank. In the experimental group we will have two fish and every time we feed them we will have two fish and every time we feed them we will ring a bell for 7-seconds. In the control group, we just feed the fish. We will condition the fish who know when they are being feed. In conclusion, our science fair project is
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Put rocks in the tank.
Put water in the tank.
Put fish in the tank.
Feed the fish every day 7:00 a.m. and 8:45 p.m.
For the experimental group behavior.
Observe the experimental groups behavior.
Feed the control group the same time as experimental group.
Observe the control groups behavior.
Gather your information and present it on board.
Conclusion/ Results
Our hypothesis was incorrect. Our hypothesis was that we could train goldfish. The conclusion of our project is that you cannot train goldfish. We rang the bell every day at the same time for the experimental group. The fish never reacted to the bell.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank our parents for buying us all the supplies we needed for science fair. Also, we would like to thank Mrs. Brewer for letting us buy a science fair board from her. We would like to thank Mrs. Brewer again for answering questions we had on Science Fair. There are many people who helped us with Science Fair.
1.There will be two groups, the control and experimental groups. Each group will have the same amount of participants with equal numbers of boys and girls. The first group will be the control group(rest). The second group will be the experimental group(exercise).
Ever wonder how animals know so much? It’s simple. It’s all according to how they act and what they know. When an animal is born it has instincts. These instincts help the creature survive and cause them to behave certain ways. This is called Innate behaviors. Although, some things animals have been taught. Unlike Innate behaviors whereas it comes from the genes, other behaviors have to be learned. They are called Learned behaviors. Together, Innate and Learned behaviors can prove that animals are smarter then most people think.
In 1965, the psychologist Martin Seligman conducted the Learned Helplessness Experiment. It all started when Martin and his colleagues were researching about classical conditioning, the process by which an animal or human associates one thing with another. The experiment consisted on Seligman ringing a bell and a dog, wearing an electrified harness, getting a shock. First, Seligman would ring a bell and the dog, which the experiment was focused on, would get a light shock. After several times of ringing the bell and getting the shock, the dog reacted to the shock before it happened, when he heard the bell started to ring. It seemed as he had already been shocked.
n hypothesis of the experiment is that the group containing four members will perform better than the group containing two members. This is the foundation from which we have conducted our experiment.
Classical conditioning emphasises the importance of learning from the environment and supports nurture over nature. However, limiting the source of learning to only environment is a reductionist explanation of behaviour. When complex behavi...
Skinner argues that ‘learning is accelerated by reinforcement: a stimulus that increases the probability of a response’ called ‘operant conditioning’ and it is not reliant on what triggered the response but...
Classical Conditioning was a phenomenon that a man named Ivan Pavlov explored in the twentieth-century. His work laid the foundation for many other psychologists such as John Watson. Pavlov’s idea came when he seized on an incidental observation. He noticed putting food in a dogs mouth caused salvation. However, the dog not only salivated to the food it began to also salivate to mere sight of the food, or the food dish. He began experimenting; first he slid the food presented the food by sliding the food bowl and blowing meat powder into the dogs mouth at the same exact moment. They paired it with a neutral stimuli event the dog could see but did not associate it with food (Myers, 2014, p.256). Food in the mouth automatically, unconditionally triggers the salivary reflex. Pavlov called drooling the unconditioned response and the food the unconditioned stimulus. Salvation in response to a tone is learned, it is conditioned upon the dogs associating the tone with the food it is called conditioned response (Myers, 2014, p.256). The stimulus that used to be neutral is the conditioned stimulus. I found it interesting and relating to everyday life because my dog often does the same. We keep his food in the garage so opening the garage door would be the conditioned stimulus. As soon as the garage door opens my dog begins to salivate which is the conditioned response. Whereas,
This is called classical conditioning. To demonstrate this phenomenon, Pavlov used dogs for his experiments. The dogs would be presented with a neutral stimulus, a clicking noise, and then they were given food, which caused them to salivate and increase their dopamine levels. After this process was repeated a number of times, it was discovered that the dogs would salivate upon being presented with the neutral stimulus, the click, only. This means that they began to associate the clicking noise with
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
This new model is called the experimental model. The experimental model uses sophisticated research methods to study memory, language, and the thinking process of humans. The experimental model also used human participants, usually in groups, for its experiments. Typically, these groups were split into two and then exposed to different experiences. This was done in order to gauge the effect of independent variables and to measure the dependent variables.
I. Introduction of classical conditioning Classical conditioning also called as Pavlovian conditioning or respondent conditioning. It is a kind of learning a new behavior through association that when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US) and evokes a conditioned response (CR). It also is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus (Cherry, 2014). Classical conditioning has much strength such as can help to explain all aspects of human behavior and many of advertisers will use classical conditioning to advertise their produces, however it also have some weaknesses such as all classical conditioning responses must involve a reflex and classical conditioning is a completely physical process, learning is not important as reflected in scenario. This paper will talk about the strengths and the weaknesses of classical conditioning theory followed by a brief description of the scenario and the strengths and weaknesses of applying classical conditioning on it.
Skinner designed an experiment to test operant conditioning, known as a ‘Skinner box’ (Gross 2005). In the box, animals, such as rats, would be conditioned into certain behaviour. For example, by pressing a lever to receive food (Gross 2005).
This is selective reinforcement. Pavlov and his dogs were and excellent example of operant conditioning. Pavlov rang a bell when it was time for the dogs to eat; eventually the dogs associated the bell with food. Each time the bell rang the dogs salivated. On the other hand, N.Chomsky who was a nativist argued that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD).
allowed to come up with and preform his or her experiment. In this experiment one will
Learning through operant conditioning allows a conditioned behaviour to increase or decrease in the presence of reinforcement or punishment. However, this process can be affected by instinctive behaviours that would disrupt the conditioned behaviour. According to a study conducted by Breland and Breland (1961) they tried to condition a raccoon to pick up coins and drop them into a container. The raccoon however spent time rubbing the coins together and rubbing the coin on the inside of the container before finally dropping it in and receiving its food reinforcement. Even after conditioning, the raccoon’s need to rub the coins together became worse as he spent more and more time just rubbing the coins. This is known as instinctive drift where the raccoon’s instinctive behaviours limited its ability to perform the conditioned response. Therefore the raccoon failed to learn due to its innate tendencies that acted as a biological constraint and operant conditioning failed in teaching the raccoon through reinforcement.