CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
According to Robson (2002, p. 202) the purpose of evaluation is “(…) to assess the effects and effectiveness of something, typically some innovation, intervention (….)”. The purpose of this evaluation proposal is to examine and discuss the effect of music therapy as an intervention to improve social interaction among individuals with schizophrenia.
In providing music therapy sessions with adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, the researcher noted how important it is for clients to socialise with others. This became a therapeutic goal for the service users, where the evaluation is taking place. The researcher feels that improvisation is a technique which enables and encourages clients to interact with each other in a
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These relate to the "psychotic" symptoms because the person has lost touch with reality.
• Negative symptoms reflect symptoms that indicate reduction of a capacity for example lack of expressiveness. These symptoms are challenging for rehabilitation as work and goals also require social function and motivation. Negative symptoms often include lack of motivation, emotional flatness and a lack interest or pleasure in activities or life. Maintaining relationships or difficulties with social cues are also common.
• Cognitive symptoms relate to thinking processes. Involved on this category are the tasks of daily living. Prioritising tasks, memory and organizing thoughts are a common struggle for people living with schizophrenia. Anosognosia or "lack of insight" is a common cognitive
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The results of the study proved that after four months the 34 patients from the experimental group showed significant reductions of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, compared to 32 subjects in the control group who did not receive music therapy treatment. The therapy group showed improvement in the PANNSS scores from the pre-assessment to post-assessment tests, with the waiting group showing no improvement of symptoms. Quality of life scores also improved, the group receiving music therapy showed increased personal social interaction and relationships with peers. Gold et al., (2005) conducted a systematic review of the literature. This showed that music therapy plus standard care was more effective than standard care alone when it came to improving the patients’ global state and reducing negative symptoms of
Note: Client is a 40 year old, disabled, single, Mexican-American Male. Client is currently homeless throughout Ventura County. Client is enrolled with Ventura County Behavioral Health 8390 South Oxnard Adults Clinic with a diagnosis of F25.9 Schizoaffective Disorder, Unspecified. Client was previously a long term client of Ventura County Behavioral Health EPICS program with a diagnosis of 295.30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type.
Harvey, Moriarty, Friedman, White, Parrella, Mohs and Davids (2000) conducted a study to analyze the preservation of cognitive functions in geriatric patients with lifelong schizophrenia in the hopes of discovering the success rate of long term institutionalization. The overall objective was of the study consisted of obtaining enough data to compare the scores on numerous cognitive skill tasks from the geriatric schizophrenia population and a population of healthy elderly individuals. Their experimental group consisted of 165 volunteers and they were matched one-to-one with an individual from the control group based on same age and education. The symptoms of schizophrenia were examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; PANSS. It contains thirty items with seven items rating positive symptoms, seven rating negative symptoms and sixteen items assessing their general psychopathology. The total scores obtained on the positive and negative subscales were used as dependant variables in this study.
This paper will examine a 10-session theoretical group therapy intervention. The population served will be adults who have endured childhood trauma and who deal with mental health issues resulting from those traumatic experience(s). The purpose is to intervene with music therapy to aid in the abatement of most mental health symptoms excluding personality disorders and psychosis.
However, Suzy is just one of many people who will develop schizophrenia. About 1.1% of the American adult population alone will develop schizophrenia at some point in their lives (NIMH, 2010). The ratio between men and women developing schizophrenia is the same, although there is a difference in the age of onset. Males tend to develop it early while females tend to develop it later in life (Robin, 2003). Although males and females tend to develop schizophrenia at the same rate. When it came to diagnosing schizophrenia in the past there used to be problems in part due to the lack of a good solid definition because of this it was hard to compare studies about schizophrenia because they were using different definitions (Robin, 2003). However, that changed when the DSM became narrower about t
Music therapy isn’t the same as other therapy. Music therapy uses music to help establish a connection of ...
Music therapy works because of its three fundamentals: the application of systematic thinking through music theory, the creation of an individualized treatment plan, as well as the patie...
Music Therapy is the use of music to treat a range of conditions either physical or mental (Questia, 2017). It can be used to help a range of conditions such as: autism, mental health (for example anxiety and depression), learning disabilities and neuro disabilities (British Association for Music Therapy (BAMT), 2017). This could be proven useful due to its variety of conditions it can help with, it is a very different idea to help people and music in general is very enjoyable and uplifting. It can also be useful for it is a way people can express themselves, there are many cases in which people do not know how to communicate with others or do not like talking about their conditions or how they feel and communication is very important. However,
The study of Gold, Heldal, Dahle and Wigram (2005) shows that, schizophrenic patients undergoing a sufficient amount of music therapy in active music making or music listening, were able to block out the auditory hallucinations and have more of a uniform conversation. Music deals with the cognitive approach with the brain concentrating on another thing so that patients can relax, function better and help them alleviate their symptoms (Gold, Heldal, Dahle & Wigram, 2005). With the addition of music therapy, Nathaniel symptoms will significantly subside, as Gold et al. (2005) found that even those that do not have a musical background or are musically inclined showed some progression with music
B., Gfeller, K. E., & Thaut, M. H. (2008). An Introduction to Music Therapy: Theory and
There are many disorders throughout the world that affect people on a daily basis. They are life altering and life changing. They affect how a person can function on a normal level of life. This, in itself, is an interesting way of viewing the disorder, but it truly is the way that schizophrenia is viewed. The term normal is in its self a complex concept, but to understand that for the purpose of schizophrenia; normal is anything that deviates from the socially accepted way of conducting one’s self. The person affected by this disorder is drifting away from reality and, at the same time, drifting away from who they have been their whole life.
Music is everywhere we go; we listen to it in the car, while doing work, and there are even people who pay to listen or watch an artist perform live. Yes, life goes on without music, but music has such an impact on our lives. Life is a rollercoaster of emotions and we have music to fit our emotions to be just as we feel. Music has a great deal of importance of many people. It can have a meaning that they cannot explain to others and are able to connect with the song. By doing so experts are able to help patients overcome many sicknesses with the help of music. Music therapy is capable of being an advantage for many individual patients, it can encourage responses from patients that other methods of therapy cannot get from them. Also, it improves the patients in distinctive ways other than for an illness.
Interventions used in the treatment of mental disorder are divided into 3 levels and meet the various needs of the patient (MT and mental health book ch 3). The first level being supportive, activity oriented music therapy, the therapeutic focus is on the here and now, reactions, behaviors, skills, and is generally success-oriented and structured (MT and mental health book ch 4). Interventions would typically be small group ensembles, group singing, and drum circles. The second level is insight music therapy with re-educative goals, here the music is used to stimulate verbalization while gaining insight through discussion (MT and mental health book ch 5). Interventions at this level would include, lyric analysis or song discussion. The third level is insight music therapy with re-constructive goals, the experiences are used to uncover, relieve, or resolve conflicts at the subconscious level (MT and mental health book ch 6). Interventions used would be visualization to music, Guided Imagery and Music (GIM), and analytical music therapy. A session can have elements from each level, starting with an opening drumming activity/drum circle, transitioning into a lyric analysis/song discussion, visualizing of negative and positive feeling, and finally closing with another drumming activity. The questions used in the
Works Cited Albornoz, Y. (2011). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. The effects of group improvisational music therapy on depression in adolescents and adults with substance abuse: a randomized controlled trial. Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, 20(3), 208-244. Grohol, J. n.d. - n.d. - n.d.
In order to understand why the use of music therapy is growing, one must know what exactly music therapy is. Music Therapy is an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. Music therapy also provides avenues for communicati...
Music Therapy is the prescribed use of music and musical interventions to restore, maintain, and improve emotional, physical, physiological, and spiritual health and well-being. These are the key elements which define interventions as music therapy. Music Therapy is goal oriented and provides a system to work towards a specific therapeutic goal and objective. Goals identified can include communicative, academic, motor emotional and social skills. In the end the music development learned in the sessions hopefully have a relaxing, positive effect on the client’s physical, psychological and socio-economical functioning. Music Therapy became a profession in 1950 with the establishment of the National Association for Music Therapy and the American Association for Music Therapy Association. (AMTA) There were nonmusical goals set for the professional setting. “They included: improving communication skills, decreasing inappropriate ...