Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Sociological theories of serial killers
Sociological theories of serial killers
Criminological theories that tie in with serial killers
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Sociological theories of serial killers
There are many reason why an individual might decide to commit crime. There are many theorist that would try and explain the reason behind such immortal acts, to some it’s an act out of necessities and to others its lack of support and guidance. This paper will look at Paul Bernardo’s (The Scarborough Rapist) case and the different theories that could be used to explain his case. The three main Theorist this paper will focus on are Reckless’ Containment Theory, Hervey M. Cleckle the Mask of Sanity and Hare’s Psychopathy checklist. Moreover, this paper will examine the causes and the reasons behind some of the causes and behaviors relation it to the crimes committed by Paul Bernardo.
Paul Bernado born on August 27 1966 is a Canadian Serial
…show more content…
Cleckle the Mask of Sanity and Hare’s Psychopathy checklist. One of many popular theories of 1950’s was Walter Reckless’ Containment theory. This theory states that all humans are subjects to criminal behavior, however many can resist it with inner and outer containment. Also that when internal and external constraints weaken the deviant behaviors increase. He also believes that individuals can be protected from crime if they have strong social bonds with the parents and peers in controlling themselves. Which means the individual will try and protect themselves however if they have failed the families or friends will try and help. Moreover, there has to be certain responsibilities and guidelines for individuals, which are provided by the external members. Hervey M. Cleckle was a psychiatrist and his book, The Mask of Sanity was one of the most influential clinical description in the twentieth century. He believed that psychopath can appear to be normal and engage in activities but that mask hides a mental disorder. This along with Hare’s Psychopathy checklist is a psychological assessment tool used to evaluate the existence of psychopathy in individuals. It was a twenty item inventory which contained professed personality traits and behaviors which was to be completed on the basis of an …show more content…
Firstly, Reckless’ Containment theory would be an excellent example to further discuss Paul Bernard’s case. Paul Bernado did not have proper parental support. He as a child was expose to assaults that were committed by his father. Also, this caused his family to be separated, leaving him to no family support at all. Moreover, according to Reckless’ all humans are subjects to crime and have the ability to resist it with internal and external containment. Also, this theory states that is a young person is not guided, no rules, role models, no positive feedback they will get into trouble and problems because he or she has not been taught anything. On the other hand if a child grows up in a good environment with positive people, guidance and support, the child will have much better chance growing up with a clean slate. In Paul Bernardo’s case though he had both parents he lacked support and positive guidance create a negative image of females. This later escalated into dark fantasies and his abuse path began where he felt no remorse towards his victims. Secondly Mask of Sanity, which is a clinical description of psychopath. Which further explains that psychopath can appear ordinary and even charming, but that the "mask" covers mental disorder. Paul Bernardo was a charming well liked individual, and no one at the time of his incident could believe that he was the
Psychopathy has fascinated the public for years due to the gruesome and evil portrayal it has received in the media. Psychopathy is defined in the DSM-III as a personality disorder characterized by enduring antisocial behavior, diminished empathy and remorse, and disinhibited or bold behavior (Patrick, Christopher, Fowles, Krueger, Rober, 2009). Psychopathy represents a cluster of different dimensions of personality found amongst the general population to varying degrees (Patrick et al, 2009). The diagnostic definition is meant to be applied to adults, however psychopathology can occur in children. Controversy surrounds the topic of childhood mental illness because the brain is not fully developed until the age of 18; thus allowing the possibility that symptoms are the result of growing up and will change. The triarchic model, formulated by Christopher J. Patrick, is the most commonly used model in diagnosing adult and childhood psychopathy. This model suggests that different conceptions of psychopathy emphasize three observable characteristics to varying degrees; boldness, disinhibition and meanness (Patrick, et al, 2009). Boldness is the first observable characteristic and is comprised of low fear including stress-tolerance, toleration of unfamiliarity and danger, and high self-confidence and social assertiveness. Disinhibition; characterized by poor impulse control including problems with planning and foresight, lacking affect and urge control, demand for immediate gratification, and poor behavioral restraints. Meanness is defined as lacking empathy and close attachments with others, disdain of close attachments, use of cruelty to gain empowerment, exploitative tendencies, defiance of authority, and destructive excitement seek...
Are psychopaths like Alice, “mad or bad?” (page 21). The question whether psychopaths are mentally ill or just a bad seed has caused much debate. Dr. Hare explains that the problem is not only labeling them mad or bad, but who deals with them. “Does the treatment or control of the psychopath rightly fall to mental health professionals or to the correctional system?” (page 21). Not only are professionals confused on how to classify psychopaths, but the media also creates confusion. Psychopath means mental illness and the media uses the word to classify someone as, “insane or crazy”, (page 22). Dr. Hare explains that even though psychopaths, “cannot be understood in terms of traditional views of mental illness”, they, “are not disoriented or out of touch with reality, nor do they experience the delusions, hallucinations, or intense subjective distress that characterize most other mental disorders…psychopaths are rational and aware of what they are doing and why.” (page 22). Most professionals use the term psychopath and sociopath as one in the same. Since DSM-III, antisocial personality disorder has been used in place of psychopath and sociopath. Philippe Pinel was the first psychiatrist describe a psychopath and Harvey Cleckley was one of the first successful publish a book describing a psychopath to the general public . Pinel used the term, “insanity without delirium”, (page 25). Cleckley wrote The Mask of Sanity, which influenced researchers in North America. Dr. Robert Hare explained that WWII was the first time clinicians felt a need to diagnosis people with psychopathy. Due to the draft, there was a need to weed out the people could disrupt or harm the military structure. Dr. Robert Hare realized how hard it was to identify a true psychopaths from rule breakers and developed the Psychopathy Checklist. This checklist is used world wide to help clinicians identify true
Control Theory focuses on the question, “why do people conform?”. This theory argues that it is easier to satisfy an individual’s needs and wants through crime, but most people still don’t commit illegal acts. The reason for this is because of the restraints placed on people that stop them from breaking the law. But obviously, some people’s restraints exist more than others’. Some people feel freer to engage on crime. There are three major things that stop people from participating in deviant criminal activities: direct control, stake in conformity, and internal control. Jeffrey Dahmer lacked all
Arguably, these theories are the individual vulnerability model and the psychodynamic theory. According to Siegel, the individual vulnerability model postulates that there is “a direct link between traits and crime: some people develop physical or mental conditions at birth, or soon thereafter, that affect their social functioning no matter where they live or how they are raised” (Siegel, 2016). Perhaps the component of this theory which deserves the greatest emphasis is the contention that the matter of environment and how a criminal is raised truly has no bearing on their propensity to actually commit criminal acts. As discussed herein, Ted Bundy’s environment and upbringing is described as perhaps among the best one could expect. Ted Bundy was socialized to embrace Christian values (and it should be noted biblical principles are completely adverse to murder, one of the ten commandments being “thou shalt not kill”), had parents which were more than decent, and had many friends all of which behaved in a socially acceptable manner. Further, to reiterate, Ted Bundy was seen as a “well-rounded” or “normal” individual, no one had even the slightest clue he could be capable of such deviance. Despite the fact he claims the influence of media violence was in fact the cause behind his
Identifying the mystery of the psychopath can prove to help the them and the general public. Early awareness of the common psychopaths among us will reduce the impact on society. Further research is still needed to better help the psychopath and the general population.
During the 1970’s to the early 1990’s there had emerged two new approaches to the study of crime and deviance. The discipline of criminology had expanded further introducing right and left realism, both believe in different areas and came together in order to try and get a better understanding on crime and prevention. There were many theorists that had influenced the realism approaches such as; Jock Young (Left Wing) and James Wilson (Right Wing).
“Without Conscience" by Robert D. Hare is one aimed towards making the general public aware of the many psychopaths that inhabit the world we live in. Throughout the book Hare exposes the reader to a number of short stories; all with an emphasis on a characteristic of psychopaths. Hare makes the claim that close monitoring of psychopathy are vital if we ever hope to gain a hold over Psychopathy- A disorder that affects not only the individual but also society itself. He also indicates one of the reasons for this book is order to correctly treat these individuals we have to be able to correctly identify who meets the criteria. His ultimate goal with the text is to alleviate some of the confusion in the increase in criminal activity by determining how my of this is a result of Psychopathy.
There are many theories that can be applied to different cases that have occurs in Americas history. The two theories that are choses for this paper are the trait theory and under the trait theory is psychological which is “abnormal personality and psychological traits are the key to determinant of anti-social behavior. There is a link between mental illness, personality disorders and crime (Siegel, 2014). The second theory is the Choice theory which “criminals weigh the cost and benefits and make a conscious, rational choice to commit crime” (Siegel, 2014). This paper will show how a theory can be applied to a person and a crime. Some of the cases that are being presented some will not agree but up us all about the person perspective.
... middle of paper ... ... Understanding psychological theories helps criminologists to design appropriate correctional strategies to mitigate crime. Works Cited Eysenck, H.J., & Gudjonsson, G.H. d. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a. a The causes and cures of criminality.
He was an attractive late-twenties male who had a professional career as an accountant, which differs from the myth mentioned in the book that most serial killers are of a higher education and hold professional job when in reality they are usually of a lower education and don’t have professional jobs. In addition to being a serial rapist Paul was also known as a serial killer. He was convicted of killing three women; Tammy Lyn Homolka (Karla’s sister), Tina McCarthy, and Kaitlyn Ross. In addition to these confirmed raped and killings, Paul is suspected to be involved in many more rapes and attempts of rape. Paul and his wife, Karla were both convicted with the carrying out the aforementioned three murders; making them a serial killer team. Hints the name “Ken and Barbie killers”. Each of the three people Paul Bernardo murdered where young, mid-twenties, Caucasian women. Paul actively murdered Tina McCarthy and Kaitlyn Ross by strangling them, which appears to be his preferred method of killing. All women were very vulnerable and “easy targets”; Tammy was Karla’s trusting sister while the other two were complete strangers. All three women were violently raped and physically and verbally abused prior to their murder. A common myth is that serial killers do not stalk their victims prior to picking them. Paul would follow this standard and despite what the book says
Mass Murderers and Serial Killers are nothing new to today’s society. These vicious killers are all violent, brutal monsters and have an abnormal urge to kill. What gives people these urges to kill? What motivates them to keep killing? Do these killers get satisfaction from killing? Is there a difference between mass murderers and serial killers or are they the same. How do they choose their victims and what are some of their characteristics? These questions and many more are reasons why I was eager to write my paper on mass murderers and serial killers. However, the most interesting and sought after questions are the ones that have always been controversial. One example is; what goes on inside the mind of a killer? In this paper I will try to develop a better understanding of these driven killers and their motives.
Cleckley, H. (1976). The mask of sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality. St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Inc. (Original work published 1941).
In today’s society, one will find that there are many different factors that go into the development of a criminal mind, and it is impossible to single out one particular cause of criminal behavior. Criminal behavior often stems from both biological and environmental factors. In many cases criminals share similar physical traits which the general population do not usually have. For example criminals have smaller brains than properly adjusted individuals. However biological reasons cannot solely be the cause of criminal behavior. Therefore, one must look to other sources as to how a criminal mind is developed. Social and environmental factors also are at fault for developing a person to the point at which they are lead to committing a criminal act. Often, someone who has committed a violent crime shows evidence of a poorly developed childhood, or the unsuitable current conditions in which the subject lives. In addition if one studies victimology which is the role that the victim plays in the crime, it is apparent that there are many different causes for criminal behavior. Through the examination of biological factors, in addition to the social and environmental factors which make up a criminal mind, one can conclude that a criminal often is born with traits common to those of criminals, it is the environment that exist around them that brings out the criminal within them to commit indecent acts of crime.
Psychological theories of criminal behavior emphasize criminal thinking patterns or personality defects. These theories emphasize individual differences in behavior and the approaches to thinking, feeling, and decision-making that make some people predisposed to committing criminal acts.
This essay will examine the early approaches of criminology which aided in its development using the theories of Beccaria (theory of freewill) and Lombroso (biological theory), and will compare the arguments for rehabilitation and for treatment. An answer to what Criminology could be is that it is the scientific/theoretical study of crime and criminals which incorporates into its study both individuals, society and organisations. Criminology came about at the end of the 1700s from society’s need to understand crime in the social world. The purpose of Criminology is to give us an insight into the criminal mind/world. Criminology incorporates other social sciences such as psychology, history