CONTENTS:
1. Taxonomy
2. Introduction
3. Origin & Geographical distribution
4. Botanical Description
5. Biology
6. Cytogenetics
(Karyotype of Diploid)
(Karyotype of Polyploid)
7. Scope in Pakistan
8. Problems
9. Products
10. Services
11. Uses
SANDALWOOD
Kingdom:Plantae
Order:Santalales
Genus:Santalum
Species:album, spicatum,paniculatum etc
Family:Santalaceae
Chromosome no.2n=2x=20
2n=4x=40
Other names:Fragrant sandalwood, Indian sandalwood, Australian sandalwood, White Saunders, Yellow Saunders
Extraction:Steam distillation
INTRODUCTION:
Sandalwood tree is famous for fragrance. Its tree has aromatic woods. There are twenty five species of santalum in the world. Santalum album (Indian sandalwood) and Santalum spicatum (Australian sandalwood) are the most important species of santalum genus.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Centre of origin:Santalum album - India
Santalum spicatum - Australia
Other countries:Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri-lanka, Hawaii and pacific islands.
Santalum album
YOUNG SAPLING SEEDS
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION:
Santalum album is an evergreen tree.It grows upto 4m in Australia but in India it grows taller and gains height upto 20m and width is upto 2.4m. Its bark has different colors like dark brown, reddish, dark grey or blackish and it is smooth in young trees but rough in older trees.
Medicinal parts:
The medicinal parts are the oil extracted from the trunk wood, the heartwood freed from the sapwood & the bark, and the dried wood.
Flower and Fruit:
Flower R...
... middle of paper ...
...cropping
USES OF SANDALWOOD
1. Infections of the urinary tract.
2. Chniese use sandalwood for chest pain vomiting.
3. Used to clear skin from black heads and spots.
4. Aromapathy
5. Soap and perfume industry.
6. In Sufi tradition, sandalwood paste is applied on Sufi’s grave.
7. Chess pieces
8. Incesne powder or agarbati.
9. Fever,coughing,skin diseases.
10. Twigs for burning purpose.
REFERENCES:
o Bhattacharjee S.K, 1998, Handbook of MEDICINAL PLANTS, Pointer Publisher Jaipur, India.
o PDR for Herbal medicines (Fourth Edition)
o Evans W.C. 1934, Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, WB Saunders Company Limited 1996, Harcourt Publishers Limited 1999, Harcourt Publishers Limited 2002, Elsevier Science Limited 2002.
o Santalum album_pdf
www.caryologia.unifi.it/past_volumes/63_2/1573.pdf
www.essentialoils.co.za/essential-oils/sandalwood.htm
The Scots Pine, or also commonly referred to as Scotch Pine, is able to be grown and propagated in various soil and moisture conditions but does not tolerated shaded areas well. This evergreen tree is often planted and propagated for reforestation and horticultural uses. Cones from the Scots Pine are commonly 1½" - 2½" long and are found in solitary conditions or in pairs. They are usually grayish or reddish in color (Cook Forest, 2013).
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Ostrove, N. M. (2004). Statement of Nancy M. Ostrove, Ph.D., Deputy Director, Division of Drug.
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Grigg, Bill. “NIH News Release.” 28 Dec. 1999 [last revision]. < < a href="http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm">http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/dec99/niehs-28.htm > 1999.
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