The salmon fishing industry has exploited the fish for centuries. Records of the White and Barents Seas, Northern Russia, salmon catch from the 17th Century through the 20th Century show increased exploitation and the inevitable decline of biomass (Lajus et al., 2007). In Podporozh’e weir 387 salmon were caught annually at the end of the 17th Century while 1947 fish were caught annually in the beginning of the 20th Century. Similar catch was recorded in Podporozh’e district with 560 fish annually in the 17th Century and 1544 fish annually in the beginning of the 20th Century. Catch from the Onega River illustrates even more exploitation with 848 fish annually in the 17th Century compared to 2586 fish and 3141 fish annually in the 17th Century, 1820s, and beginning of the 20th Century respectively. The catches gradually decreased in numbers after the beginning of the 20th Century due to overfishing and the introduction of the timber industry to the area. The size of the fish had dropped over this span of time from an average weight of 8.09kg in the early 17th Century to 6.72kg in the beginning of the 20th Century. In 2002 the weight had gotten even smaller with an average of 4.2kg. The Varzuga district had catch values that were even more alarming with 25,151 fish caught in the 18th Century increasing to 58,484 fish the late 19th and early 20th Centuries. However, despite the amount of fish taken from the Varzuga River the population seems stable. The Varzuga River is one of the most productive salmon rivers in the world. The ability of this river to support the large harvest is believed to be due to its lack of natural resources in the area and the remoteness keeps human populations down and makes getting to the area di...
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...., & Peterman, R. M. (2003). Valuing Fresh Water Salmon Habitat on the West Coast of Canada. Journal of Environmental Management, 69, 261-273.
Lajus, D. L., Dmitrieva, Z. V., Kraikovski, A. V., Lajus, J. A., & Alexandrov, D. A. (2007). Atlantic Salmon Fisheries in the White and Barents Sea Basin: Dynamic of Catches i the 17-18th Century and Comparison With 19-20th Century Data. Fisheries Research, 87, 240-254.
Salmon Farms Pose Significant Threat To Salmon Fisheries In The Pacific Northwest, Researchers Find. (n.d.a). Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/09/030923064756.htm
Salmon Fishery Management in Alaska. (n.d.b). NOAA Fisheries Alaska. Retrieved February 18, 2011, from http://www.alaskafisheries.noaa.gov/sustainablefisheries/salmon/default.htm
Policies are often put in place without regards for the effect it will have on other areas, people, or wildlife. Several examples of these unintended consequences are shown in the documentary Salmon: Running the Gauntlet, which explains the effects that human activity, dams, and attempts to repopulate the salmon species have been implemented and failed. With proper evaluation at the onset of a major project, these severe consequences may be avoided.
Rosenau, Marvin Leslie, and Mark Angelo. Conflicts Between Agriculture And Salmon In The Eastern Fraser Valley / Prepared By Marvin L. Rosenau And Mark Angelo. n.p.: Vancouver : Pacific Fisheries Resource Conservation Council, c2005., 2005. UFV Library Catalogue
The salmon are all sterile females which are grown in contained land-based systems, therefore they will not be able to breed among themselves or with other fish. So it is unlikely that the fish will have an impact on wild populations.
In this entertaining, search into global fish hatcheries, New York Times writer Paul Greenberg investigates our historical connection with the ever changing ocean and the wild fish within it. In the beginning of the book Paul is telling his childhood fishing stories to his friends, that night Paul discovers that that four fish dominate the world’s seafood markets in which are salmon, tuna, cod, and bass. He tries to figure out why this is and the only logical answer he could come up with is that four epochal shifts caused theses wild fish population to diminish. History shows that four epochal shifts happen within fifteen years causing certain fish species populations to diminish. He discovers for each of the four fish why this happened to
As early as 1914, the Government was receiving reports from the U.S. Commissioner of Fisheries on the potential impact to unregulated fishing. By 1931, serious questions were being asked about the ability of the fish to be able to continue to meet the demands and ever-increasing fishing that was occurring in the area. By the 1980s, the fishing in the George’s Banks has almost become unprofitable. (www.nefc.noaa.gov, 2004)
The film could easily be criticized for exaggerating issues at some points, containing claims that the end of sea food could be realized within 50 years. The End of the Line is interesting in this regard, however, as it directly states that it is less concerned with the exact numbers. In response to claims that the fishery decline of 90% was "totally invalid" and was brought about in “haste to get a big picture,” Dalhousie University’s Jeffrey Hutchings states that “whether the number is 90, 95, 80, or 70 is irrelevant; focusing on the particulars is not helpful.” Any number regarding fish stocks is vulnerable to attack because of the difficulty of counting fish. While counting the populations in one area is a near-impossible task, fish are also capable of frequent and large-scale migration. In this regard, it is in the best interest of the film to use the most eye-catching statistics as the number will be deemed arbitrary by...
Parliament of Canada. (n.d.). Northern Cod: a failure of Canadian fisheries management. Retrieved June 17, 2014, from Parliament of Canada: http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2144982&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1&Language=E&File=21
Salmon may be abundant in some regions, but in others, they can become quite scarce. Salmon fishing in the Atlantic has dropped in quantity lately because of
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health Health Studies Branch Kevin Amos, National Aquatic Animal Health Coordinator, NOAA Fisheries Salmon of the Americas SOTA is an organization of salmon-producing companies in Canada, Chile and the United States whose mission is to improve health, awareness and dining enjoyment of consumers in North America by providing timely, complete, accurate and insightful information about salmon on behalf of the member companies. Ashley Dean, Shwartz,. Mark 2003. Salmon farms pose significant threat to salmon fisheries in the Pacific Northwest, researchers find. Stanford University American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, April 2002, 76:608-613.
The stories of each fish flow together as each story shows how humans have pushed to gain more control over the ocean and the delicious animals that swim in it’s depths. Greenberg starts in the free-flowing rivers where salmon are commonly found. It is there that early humans of the Northern Hemisphere most likely began their infatuation with fish. Greenberg puts it as, “It(salmon) is representative of the first wave of human exploitation..” (170) Once Europeans learned to fish, they had the ability to fish in shallow ocean water which is where sea bass are usually found. Later, fishermen s...
Overfishing is defined as a form of overexploitation where fish stocks are brought down to unacceptable levels. In the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s 2 yearly report (SOFIA), it states how over half of the fish stocks, worldwide, are fully exploited. Other research has shown it only takes 10-15 years of industrial fishing to obliterate a tenth of the intended species. Overfishing causes a ripple effect that hurts the entire ecosystem. The balance of the chain depends largely on the interaction between the predator and the prey.
The topical focus of this paper is the Atlantic salmon fishery. In particular, this paper looks at habitat loss and salmon farming both of which have had major impacts on the sustainability of the fishery. Several efforts have been made to restore Atlantic salmon to their native habitat, specifically in Maine and New Hampshire. This paper reviews the policies that have been implemented, not yet implemented, and a proposed policy.
...tlanticcity.com>. Irwin, Neil. "Environmental groups pressure chefs on menus." Washington Post June 19, 2002. April 26, 2011 Miller, Michael. "Group says it won't move oyster farm to Delaware Bay" Press of Atlantic City, The. August 3, 2010. Press of Atlantic City online. Atlantic Cape Community College, Mays Landing, April 26, 2011 National Sea Grant Law Center. California Enacts Sustainable Oceans Act. 2006. University of Mississippi April 28, 2011. Naylor, Rosamon L.
Overfishing is the most major problem related to oceans, but it is also the most overlooked. Fishing has been going on for thousands of years, and fish have always been seen as a renewable resource, that would replenish itself forever for our benefit. But around the world there is evidence that fish are not recove...