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What are the causes and consequences of the Russian revolution of 1917
Essay on russia revolution of 1917
What are the causes and consequences of the Russian revolution of 1917
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With the transition of Russia, from an Orthodox religious, tsarist autocracy, to a progressively industrial entity and eventual Communist state, came a liberation in the mindset of art, producing radical attributes that coincided with their historical context. Along with this societal metamorphosis, the previous artistic movements of Cubism, Futurism and the like provided for a shift from concrete expressions to more abstract counterparts. Early twentieth century Russia served as the appropriate breeding grounds for this type of art for the historical events it experienced such as the First World War and the Russian Revolution. The main proponent to such radical thought was the Russian avant-garde, a group of individuals utilizing artistic …show more content…
Specifically, his rejection of modern reason was consistently brought up as a product of Suprematist notion. Malevich stated, “We have come as far as the rejection of reason but we rejected reason so that another kind of reason could grow in us…can be called beyond reason”, meaning that even though one has broken down the concept of reason, another more fulfilling type will be or already has been proliferated. Malevich rejected the consumption of other types of artistic mannerisms, although he originally did assimilate Cubist, and to some extent, Futurist motifs, in a nihilistic manner. The avant-garde of this time period was heavily distracted from its quest for modernity due to the constant struggles in Russia such as World War I and the Communist Revolution. Such time periods affected how the avant-garde artists rendered art to the point where art was beginning to evoke the idea that common objects do not matter in the artistic world. Ultimately to Malevich, these ideas manifested into Suprematism where not only do common objects have no meaning, but also the constant tragedy of war in the world was causing normal thought to no longer have meaning as well. To revert to a more simpler state was the ideology of Malevich. This constant progressive flow would continue as he would support the Russian Revolution, but would not …show more content…
The nature that Malevich referred to was the world in which everything was normative and easily detected. Objects that were commonly used through their purpose were seen as artistic, and in Malevich’s view, utility is not necessary for artistic value. For that reason, items that were nonobjective were seen as more artistic to Malevich. In 1917, the Russian Revolution came about, converting the Russian tsarist autocracy into the Soviet Republic under Vladimir Lenin. The change in politics would not affect the avant-garde until Josef Stalin would introduce Socialist Realism, a form of art used as propaganda for the Soviet Union. This new style of art was enforced as the “official style of Soviet culture” and focused on the utilitarian aspects of art in the communist society. This contrasted against Malevich, who completely dismissed any sort of implication to utility and involvement with nature. Eventually, he himself would detach from abstract painting and would lean towards more figurative
This was, of course, only a humorous exaggeration, a case of political satire. Yet beneath the humor, there lies a very profound testament to the belief that Russia's political culture has been inherited from its czarist days and manifested throughout its subsequent development. The traditions from the pre-Revolution and pre-1921 Russia, it seems, had left its brand on the 70-years of Communist rule. The Soviet communism system was at once a foreign import from Germany and a Russian creation: "on the one hand it is international and a world phenomenon; on the other hand it is national and Russian…it was Russian history which determined its limits and shaped its character." (Berdyaev, "Origin")
In the 70s and 80s, the New York art world was very different from what it is today. Subway cars were riddled with graffiti inside and out. So art was concerned the city was much more chaotic, open and experimental, and favored the ephemeral creators. Feminism and the gay revolution were part of a mixture of values favoring critical attitudes. All were in favor of art and American and international culture were accessible, democratic, rupturistas. Regardless of what seems to us to be the art of those times (one might argue that the gains were higher in the social sphere in the aesthetic), it certainly was a circumscribed to the values of the moment, who advocated the merger of the historical period revolt and imagination? Keith Haring, the prolific and talented gay artist, who belonged to that period.
Enlightened absolutism is a form of absolute monarchy inspired by the Enlightenment. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that spread across Europe and beyond. The thinkers of the Enlightenment, known as philosophes, introduced ideas from the advances in science to change the way that people thought about government and society. Philosophes wanted to replace superstition, tyranny, and injustice with reason, tolerance, and legal equality. Many rulers in Europe and Russia used certain ideals of enlightened absolutism to govern their people and state. Although rulers agreed to some aspects of the ideals they were not true believers of the reforms. To maintain their power, they convinced society that they were
Johnson, Priscilla and Leopold Labdez (eds.). Khrushchev and the Arts: the politics of Soviet Culture, 1962-64. MIT Press, 1965.
Avant Garde is unusual and experimental art, styles, ideas, etc… Picasso’s Cubism is a good example of this. The Italian Renaissance was probably the single most avant-garde time in the history of painting and sculpture. Nudity became acceptable and recognized as a noble type of art. Impressionism also played a large role in Avant Garde. Suddenly colors became unorthodoxed, for example, grass could be red, the sky could be brown, People could be blue, etc… In the early 20th century Fauvism, the style of les Fauves (French for "the wild beasts"), a loose group of early twentieth-century Modern artists whose works emphasized painterly qualities
Culture in the Soviet Union possessed many stages as different leaders enforced very different rules in regard to accepted art forms. Under Lenin, many forms and styles of art were accepted as long as they were not overly detrimental to the party mission. Lenin wanted to find a signature style of art that would be unique to the Soviet Union. In order to do this Lenin put very little restriction on the arts. Great experimentation was done in writing and painting and many radical styles were developed during this time. When Lenin died, Joseph Stalin came into power and accepted art that looked drastically different from its previous years. Stalin enforced a much stricter policy on art. Stalin’s policy was named Socialist realism and featured
The investigation will evaluate to what extent did World War 1 influence the artists of the Dada movement? The investigation will look at primary sources by artists themselves, as well as secondary sources that may evaluate the artists and comment on any influences to the creation of Dadaism and the motives of artists. To be able to determine the extent to which World War 1 influenced the artists of the Dada movement, multiple influences will be looked at and examined to gage the appropriate influence. Given the Dada movement primarily occurred in America and parts of Europe, no sources outside of these areas will be used. Personal accounts and recollections will be looked at for first hand opinions of the artists themselves, but historians views on the era and influences will also be used.
Stalin’s hunger for power and paranoia impacted the Soviet society severely, having devastating effects on the Communist Party, leaving it weak and shattering the framework of the party, the people of Russia, by stunting the growth of technology and progress through the purges of many educated civilians, as well as affecting The Red Army, a powerful military depleted of it’s force. The impact of the purges, ‘show trials’ and the Terror on Soviet society were rigorously negative. By purging all his challengers and opponents, Stalin created a blanket of fear over the whole society, and therefore, was able to stay in power, creating an empire that he could find more dependable.
...change of industrial leadership crippled Russia's mechanization efforts and it is still argued today if the effects are still felt. By removing these people from the Soviet society both the biologist theories of Nature verses Nurture were challenged at best and destroyed at worst. For the argument of nature being the greatest influence on learning ability most of the intellectuals and brightest leaders were removed from the gene pool. In contrast to Nurture these people could not influence society any longer. Through these changes in society Stalin has forever made his mark. His pollicies effected every area in Russian culture.
Introduction Upon my first encounter with Kandinsky's painting, my eyes and indeed my mind were overcome with a sense of puzzlement, as it seemed impossible to decipher what lay beneath his passionate use of colour and distorted forms. Kandinsky hoped by freeing colour from its representational restrictions, it, like music could conjure up a series of emotions in the soul of viewer, reinforced by corresponding forms. Throughout this essay, I will follow Kandinsky's quest for a pure, abstract art and attempt to determine whether his passionate belief in this spiritual art and his theories on its effects on the soul, can truly be felt and appreciated by the average viewer, who at first glance would most likely view Kandinsky's paintings as simply abstract. Kandinsky was indeed a visionary, an artist who through his theoretical ideas of creating a new pictorial language sought to revolutionize the art of the twentieth-century. Regarded as the founder of abstract painting, he broke free from arts traditional limitations and invented the first painting for paintings sake, whereby the dissolution of the object and subsequent promotion of colour and form became means of expression in their own right.
Inspired by the works of Karl Marx, V.I. Lenin nonetheless drew his ideology from many other great 19th century philosophers. However, Marx’s “Communist Manifesto” was immensely important to the success of Russia under Leninist rule as it started a new era in history. Viewed as taboo in a capitalist society, Karl Marx started a movement that would permanently change the history of the entire world. Also, around this time, the Populist promoted a doctrine of social and economic equality, although weak in its ideology and method, overall. Lenin was also inspired by the anarchists who sought revolution as an ultimate means to the end of old regimes, in the hope of a new, better society. To his core, a revolutionary, V.I. Lenin was driven to evoke the class struggle that would ultimately transform Russia into a Socialist powerhouse. Through following primarily in the footsteps of Karl Marx, Lenin was to a lesser extent inspired by the Populists, the Anarchists, and the Social Democrats.
People decided to rebel against the political and social rules of their time and started a new trend of art. It conveyed dramatic subjects perceived with strong feelings and imagination.
Born April of 1930, painter, architect, and set designer Anatole Krasnyansky is a great example of the creativity that being an individualist can bring. While living in the U.S.S.R., Krasnyansky received his master’s degree in fine art and architecture (wikipedia.org). He soon realized though, that the freedom of expression he needed for his art could not be found in the Soviet Union. Working as an architect, Krasnyansky was only allowed to paint the structures he built, as that was all his employer granted. However, as soon as he moved to the United States, a place where his individuality was embraced, he found success in a new watercolor technique he created himself (wikipedia.org).
... a change in this image to a realization that Stalin’s suppression of dissidents and opposition had real effects on soviet society and can not be justified by Marxist and Leninist Ideology instead they were just Stalin looking to maintain his autocracy.
In conclusion, the art of the 19th century was composed of a sequence of competing artistic movements that sought to establish its superiority, ideologies and style within the artistic community of Europe. These movements, being Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism and Post-Impressionism, ultimately spread far beyond the confines of Europe and made modern art an international entity which can still be felt in today’s artistic world.