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Impact of bolshevik consolidation of power
Political effect of ww1
Examine the causes and consequences of the Bolshevik revolution of 1917 in Russia
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Diplomacy
There were many reasons for WW1. There was the assassination of a European archduke and many building rivalries between most of the european countries. Italy, Russia, France, Austria-Hungry, Germany and England all sought the goal of acquiring new market and establishing global empires. Russia had already had influence over Manchuria and hoped to take control of Dardanelles and Bosporus.
In the year of 1908, Russia had been called upon to bail out Serbia after Austria-Hungry had annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina. Russia just turned their back and denied the help to Serbia and there were two reasons for this. First, Russia had just ended the Russo-Japanese War and had no room in their budget to help out Serbia. Second, They had already secretly made a deal with Austria Hungry to take Bosnia-Herzegovina in a trade for the Dardanelles. When the Russians found out that Austria-Hungry had double crossed them and went ahead with their move before
they could take part in the deal they became furious with Austria-Hungry. Because of this, Russia left the Three Emperor's League. This league consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungry, and Russia. After this occurred, Germany and Austria-Hungry formed a triple alliance with Italy. In 1890, Russia formed an alliance with France because they were afraid of being attacked by the triple alliance. A few years later Russia and France would allie with Great Britain to form the Triple Entente.
The big day for the Russians came on July 30, 1914 when Czar Nicholas II ordered Mobilization of his troops against Austria-Hungry and Germany. Russia decided to make their move when Austria-Hungry attacked Serbia. England and France decided to support Russia in their war with Austria-Hungry. In the first few weeks, The Russians took Germany and Austria-Hungry by surprise and invaded East Prussia from both the south and the east. Then the Russians were beaten senseless by the Germans at Tannenberg (Poland). In this battle alone, the Russian casualties reached 120,000. The assassination of Czar Nicholas II and
his family cleared the way for Lenin to be in Control and take Russia out of the war.
In the Game Diplomacy, Russia had the strategy of the normal beginner. Don't Lose! For about the first few moves we remai...
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...nd more of the south if the game had gone a little further. Our alliances helped along the way but they helped the most when we squashed our allies and enemies with betrayal.
In the real WWI, Russia did not have the same outcome as we did.
They were caught up in the Russian revolution which pulled them from WWI. Russia Allied with France and England. This helped them attack on multiple sides of the Central Powers. By the end of WWI Russia was poor and weak.
In conclusion, the way that we played the game as Russia and the way that the real Russia fought in WWI may not have been the same. But we both fought Germany and we both maintained the west for at least a little while. It is probably a good thing that Russia lost WWI because with them winning the communist party would probably be much bigger today.
Anyway, I enjoyed playing this game. At first I had no idea how to play which helped me play dumb with Kevin. After I learned a little bit i was able to stab him in the back and take most of his land. If we ever played this game again I would change a few things but my result would definitely be the same. We will Win!
" First World War.com - Primary Documents - Tsar Nicholas II Takes Command of Russian Armies, 5 September 1915. online at Firstworldwar.com. Available at: http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/russia_tsarincommand.htm>. Engel, B., 1997.
The underlying cause of World War 1 were the alliances within Europe. An alliance meant that if one country goes to war than the country associated will also fight. All the countries were picking sides before the war started. Otto von Bismarck, the Chancellor that led the unification of the German states, did not like the fact that Germany was between Russia and France. “Bismarck formed the Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in the year preceding
Distrust and skepticism within Britain toward the new Bolshevik government led to Britain's reluctance to support it and a hands off diplomatic approach to Russian problems. By 1917 it was evident that the "question of peace and war would be a bitter source of controversy within the Bolshevik party" (Kowalski 11). Lenin had uncompromisingly defended his position not to continue the war, a decision that was leading to a split in the upper ranks of the party (Kowalski 33). His reasoning was that any imperialist states should not be negotiated for peace, instead calling "for an international civil war against world capitalism" (Kowalski 11). Lenin’s statements are quite a shock for the newly opened spheres of investments that had led to a great interest in Eastern Europe industries (Sherow). France and even Britain had loaned out much money to facilitate the growth --and, hopefully, returns-- in Eastern Europe; any resort to war at this point would cost both countries dearly (Sherow).
Russia entered the war when Nazi Germany executed Operation Barbarossa. They missed their start date by 3 months and that would lead to one of the many problems Nazi Germany faced during the war on the Eastern front. Russia delivered Germany their biggest defeats including The Battle of Stalingrad and the battle of Kursk. Without these two battles Germany would not have had the significant personnel and supplies lost they faced for the final 3 years of the war.
... was spread too thin. Germany mistook Russian advancement as a serious threat, when in actuality, it turned out to be poorly supplied and may have been easily defeated with a full German force that was expected to encounter it. This retreat of the Germans led to the French being able to gain a much more even battle on the western front, which was where the majority of the war was to be fought. Thus, the war that could have ended in only three weeks lasted for over four years.
had been lost in the first weeks of the war. It seemed that Russia may
The final request Austria would make before they disclose the fact they are going to war with Serbia, is the ultimatum they gave to Serbia one month after the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, this is why they are responsible for the war. “The Austro-Hungarian government waited three weeks following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne currently held by Franz Josef - before issuing its formal response” (Duffy, Michael, Austria Ultimatum to Serbia, 23, July 23 1914). Austria waited before taking their chance when Archduke Franz Ferdinand died. After that they made their move Serbia, the ultimatum was impossible to agree to all the demands issued and thus they responded. “(Preamble)... [Serbia] cannot be held responsible for manifestations of a private character, such as articles in the press and the peaceable work of societies ... [The Serbian government] have been pained a...
...ta, Odessa, and Novorossiysk (Hart 13). The attacks provoked Russia to declare war on Turkey on November 2nd, 1914. The British reacted quickly to the declaration of war and Winston Churchill ordered the British navy to strike at the Turks forts at the entering of the Dardanelles. The next day the British battle ships, attacked the European forts and the French battle ships, bombed the Asiatic forts at the Dardanelles entrance.
There was a long-standing rivalry between Austria-Hungary and Russia due to their interests in the Balkans. Russia saw her role as leading and supporting her fellow Slav peoples in the Balkans. This Pan-Slav concept provided an ideal excuse to interfere in the Balkans and to extend Russia's influence towards the Eastern Mediterranean. Ideally Russia wished to open the Dardenelles straits to its warships. Austria-Hungary was concerned that this Russian encouragement of nationalism may threaten her borders and inspire nationalism within her own empire. In turn, Germany recognised that as Austria's closest ally her fate was linked with that of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Austria-Hungary was anxious to prevent Russian encroachment in the Balkans. This aim would be best served by the elimination of Serbia, Russia's Balkan ally. In 1878, Russia was humiliated at the Congress of Berlin when her proposal for a Greater Bulgarian state was rejected and Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia to maintain order amongst the nationalist revolts.
The ignition, or rather start of these events occurred on June 28th, 1914, when the Archduke of Austria – Hungary, Frances Ferdinand and his wife, were assassinated by a young Serbian militant, Gavrilo Princep. Austria – Hungary was ensured of support from the German government if the declared war against Yugoslavia, who had a defensive treaty with Russia. On July 25th, Austria – Hungary extended a ten point ultimatum to the Serbian government, along with a forty – eight hour deadline to enforce the ultimatum. July 28th marked the official declaration of war between Austria and Yugoslavia. The conflict was begun with the intentions of seizing a portion of Serbian territory and utilizing that as a leverage tool to gain their demands. The Russian military began its mobilization efforts to protect Yugoslavia. Trying to still maintain peace the Russians said they would not attack if peace talks would begin. The Germans then issued a twelve hour deadline for the demobilization of the Russian build up, and the Germans declared war on the Russians on August 1st, 1914.
There are many reasons why World War One occurred in 1914, many are complex and remain controversial which is why the matter has been disputed to this day by historians all over the world. My theory is that a lot of those reasons and the trigger factor all links to one thing; the alliance system. The alliance system is what made countries oppose each other and become rivals making it the most significant factor. It had an impact on who supported who when Duke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated. This was only the spark that started war in Europe; there were long term causes that contributed to the war and were the origins. This answer will explain the causes focusing on how they contributed to World War One and what the important links are between them.
The true reason’s that made World War One inevitable were the intimidating alliances, avaricious imperialism, and tedious tensions. Alliances played a hefty role in the inevitability of World War One. Countries were constantly at each other’s necks and needed power in order to protect themselves from each other. This is where alliances came in; countries could seek shelter from others by developing truces with close friends. Having a truce was beneficial in most ways because it provided the illusion of being a bigger power, and offered one extra support in case of a crippling event.
Besides the assassination of the archduke there were four other reasons for the start of WW1. 1. Militarism- the building of large armies. All the nations in Europe at that time were engaged in what today could only be called an arms race. As soon as one nation built a new weapon, all the others followed suit. 2. Alliance System- The building of alliances to strengthen the borders of a country. In theses alliances if one country went to war all the other countries in the alliance were forced to go to war also. 3. Imperialism- The practice of colonizing other lands by large European nations. 4.Nationalism- The feeling of Patriotism in a country that makes it compete with all other counties in the area in all areas.
The war where the lack of skill was truly evident for the Russians in War World I. ““Militarily, imperial Russia was no match for industrialized Germany, and Russian casualties were greater than those sustained by any nation in any previous war. Meanwhile, the economy was hopelessly disrupted by the costly war effort, and moderates joined Russian radical elements in calling for the overthrow of the czar” (Russian Revolution). Russia was losing the war but the Czar refused to exit. The people suffered more taxes to support the war in the unstable economy and that warranted change in their eyes. Russian were willing to accept any leader that would get them out of war, which they eventually did. The pain of the war was just the start of the reasons that the Czar decided to step down though the Czar did not really have a choice in the matter. The DUMA, or Russian parliament, took over the government. The people were relieved because they thought the war was over. The DUMA foolishly continued with the war which opened the gates to Vladimir Lenin and his communist ideals to Russia. The defeat of the monarchy and DUMA showed how serious the people were about getting out of the war. Unfortunately for Russia, the war wasn’t the only problem faced in the early 20th century. The people also had to face the working conditions in
Germany had allied itself with Russia and Austria-Hungary in the Three Emperors’ League, but Austria-Hungary and Russia were not the best of friends, partly because they were at odds over the Balkans and partly because Russia represented the Pan-Slavic movement, whose program threatened the very existence of Austria-Hungary. The Treaty of San Stefano (1878), following the Russo-Turkish War, furthered the cause of Pan-Slavism through the creation of a large Bulgarian state and offended Austria-Hungary as well as Great Britain. A European conference (1878; see Berlin, Congress of), called to revise the treaty, caused a sharp decline in the friendship between Russia on the one hand and Austria-Hungary and Germany on the other; Bismarck formed (1879) a secret defensive alliance—the Dual Alliance—with Austria-Hungary. 3