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Racial disparities in the court system
Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
Racial disparities in the court system
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Rubin Carter: The Hurricane
“Here comes the story of the Hurricane”-Rubin Carter—the boxer, the man—who had justice stacked against him (Dylan, Bob). The question: What is justice? According to whose point of view? In the 1960s, were blacks treated fairly? Case in point—Rubin “Hurricane” Carter who was finally released from jail after 19 years of being wrongfully imprisoned for a crime he never committed.
Rubin Carter in no way has experienced an easy life. He was born on May 6, 1937, in Clifton, New Jersey. At the time, Clifton was a very controversial place to live. Blacks were being treated unfairly from birth because of the color of their skin. When he was about seven he moved with his family to Paterson.
At the young age of twelve, Carter was arrested and sent to a home for boys, called Jamesburg State Home for Boys, by the Paterson detectives. Because of this incident, the Paterson detectives already did not like him, so this would only make his situation in the future worse. The reason he went to the home was because he stabbed a man with a Boy Scout knife. Rubin claimed the man was a pedophile that was trying to molest his friend. He was to serve 6 years without early release from good behavior.
Before Carter’s term was up, he decided to escape. Rubin went from the boy’s home right into the army, where he joined the segregated corps. While in the Army he made some friends that liked boxing. Rubin started training daily and became very good.
In 1956 Carter returned to Paterson, where he had grown up, and was shortly arrested and taken to serve his 10 remaining months in a jail. Once he was released he was arrested again very shortly after for purse snatching; Rubin was to spend four years for that crime.
While in jail for that sentence, Carter continued training for boxing, as this helped to get out some of his anger. His lightning fast swing and “cat-like” reflexes earned him the nickname “Hurricane.” One night, after Rubin was released, he was at a nightclub mingling with some old friends. He was leaving late in the night, and was giving a ride to a man he had just met, John Artis.
On their way home, on the night of June 17th, 1966, they were pulled over by a white police officer and escorted to the scene of the crime, as they fit the possible description of the criminals they were looking for (two black men in a white c...
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...ent 19 years in jail last time he was wrongfully arrested, was extremely angry. "I am so furious that what happened simply because I was wearing a jacket and I am black he said after his release (Personal Interview).
In 1999, the ultimate tribute possible was made to him. The movie, The Hurricane, directed by Norman Jewison and starring Denzel Washington, was a story of the unfair struggles Rubin was put through. The movie was mainly based on Carter’s autobiography and the book written by Swinton and Chaiton. In 2000 yet another book was written about the Hurricane. It was an authorized autobiography by James S. Hirsch, called Hurricane: The Miraculous Journey of Rubin Carter.
The struggles of Rubin Carter have proven that not everyone is treated fairly. What happened to Carter was a shame, and should never happen again; but the sad part is that it will. The prosecution in the case knew they were wrong, but they would rather do their job and put an innocent man in jail, rather that lose their job, but save a great part of an innocent man’s life. In the future it will happen again whether it’s because of religion, race, sex, or anything, people will be prosecuted unfairly.
We can conclude with her analyses that the criminal justice in America is biased an even though I don’t agree with the suggestion Alexander has heard from other people that mass incarceration is a “conspiracy to put blacks back in their place” (p.5). It is clear that the justice system in the US is not completely fair, and that collective action must arise to struggle it.
unjustly put into jail. He accepts going to jail even though he was put in jail
- on June 23, Williams was driving when a heavy car came up from behind him and tried to force his car off the embankment and over a cliff with a 75 ft. drop off. The bumpers of the two cars were stuck and the cars had to pass right by a highway patrol station, which was a 35 mile and hour zone, but the car was pushing his at 70 miles per hour. Williams started blowing his horn hoping to attract the attention of the patrolmen, but when they saw they just lifted their hands and laughed. He was finally able to rock loose from the other car’s bumper and make a sharp turn into a ditch. He went to the police about it, but they would not do anything because he was black. The police in Monroe never did anything to help blacks
The Great Depression of the 1930’s caused widespread poverty, but the popular culture of the time did not reflect this. People wanted to escape from this harsh time so movies, dancing and sports became very popular. Radios broadcasted boxing matches and boxers became stars. The heavyweight champion James J. Braddock aka “Cinderella Man,” gained popularity. James Braddock gained fame by winning many fights and proving everyone wrong when they said he was too old and couldn’t win.
Comrade Napoleon, the pig on the farm was effectively the Joseph Stalin equivalent of the revolution. The dogs followed Napoleon around like the KGB or secret police to Stalin. The dogs were devoted to Stalin and hurt those who were opposed to them. “Immediately the dogs bounded forward, seized four of the pigs by the ear and dragged ...
During his school years, he was often sent home because of inappropriate clothing. To solve this problem he would often steal in order to look good enough to attend school. By the time James reached 16 years old, he was arrested, and served 3 years in prison. While in prison he started a gospel group an earned the title “Music Box” (Brenchley, 2003, DVD).
Statistical accounts show consistent accord in that African Americans are disproportionately arrested over whites. What is much less lucid, however, is the real reason for this disparity. Both criminologists and political scientists alike have expounded remarkably polarized explanations for this phenomenon. Exemplary of this are two arguments as developed as they are diametrically opposed, that of William Wilbanks and that of Samuel Walker, Cassia Spohn and Miriam DeLone.
To look closely at many of the mechanisms in American society is to observe the contradiction between constitutional equality and equality in practice. Several of these contradictions exist in the realm of racial equality. For example, Black s often get dealt an unfair hand in the criminal justice system. In The Real War on Crime, Steven Donziger explains,
A current event that vaguely mirrors police misconduct and the racial prejudice in similar traffic stops like Cameron and Christian by Officer Ryan is the “arrest of Raymond Wiley, a 66-year-old black man”, on Friday morning when he “was stopped by a police officer and ultimately arrested” as he was taking a walk about four blocks from his house, wearing a pair of gloves to pick up any recyclables in his path as he is a scrapper and travels to automobile shops to collect spare pieces of metal for sale (Winkley). He was also “carrying a shortened cane with duct tape” for protection against unleashed dogs he’s encountered previously. According to police officials, an officer spotted Wiley and suspected he was casing nearby vehicles(Winkley). When stopped and searched, the officer found his car keys (which police officials claim could be utilized to break into vehicles) as well as $2,500 in cash. Wiley was soon arrested on suspicion of two felony charges: possession of a baton as well as burglary tools. His lawyer claims the only thing “Wiley is guilty of being black and living in Encanto”(Winkley). The original article, published by the San Diego Union Tribune appears to have no underlying biases, as it gives both sides a platform to tell their story and remains neutral throughout the
“Against a backdrop of political stability and growing prosperity, the development of new technologies- including the printing press, a new system of astronomy and the discovery and exploration of new continents- was accomplished by a flowering of philosophy, literature, and especially art” (History). Beginning in the early 14th century, art began to drastically change and new ways of expression emerged (Sachs 7). “Three great masters- Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael- dominated the period of the Renaissance” (History). The legacy of these three great artists and their work has lasted hundreds of years and is bound to last for hundreds more
Pigs are the ranking animals on the farm starting with Old Major, or Lenin, who starts by gathering all of the animals on the farm late at night for a meeting. Old Major was an ideologist who came up with an idea of this great government where all of the animals were equal and all of the humans, or the czars, where to be ran out, but was not able to live his dream. So he relied on his "comrades" to come threw and get everything organized to make this revolution possible. First was Snowball, Snowball was the Trotsky who completely believed in everything Old Major had to say and wanted to live up to it one hundred percent. Or, you can compare it to Lenin and Trotsky, when Lenin died Trotsky wanted to continue everything he did. Which leads up to Napoleon, Napoleon was another animal who appeared to be interested in what Old Major had in mind but ended up being selfish and greedy. Napoleon and Snowball would debate over the decisions that had to be made but eventually Napoleon grew sick of that and decided he can make the decisions by himself, leading him to turn on Snowball and spread lies about him forcing him to be kicked out of the farm and having all of the animals against him. This is compared to Trotsky and Stalin, Stalin did the same thing to Trotsky which forced him into hiding in Mexico which would soon lead to his assassination (class video, 9-23).
Temperature has a large effect on particles. Heat makes particles energized causing them to spread out and bounce around. Inversely the cold causes particles to clump together and become denser. These changes greatly F magnetic the state of substances and can also influence the strength of magnetic fields. This is because it can alter the flow of electrons through the magnet.
Magnets have had a slow and humble start but quickly took off, the discovery of their ability to be affected and effect electrical currents around them. They have been attempted to be used in conventional and nonconventional ways alike from converting energy to relieving pain. We’ve learned that because they are unable to generate their own power we cannot use them as a power source but we can in fact use them for power conversions. I believe further studies in field of magnets will reveal further applications of magnets in the future and quite possibly the application of magnets as a power source.
The French Revolution began in 1789 and ended in 1792, though certain people include Napoleon’s reign as part of the revolution, stating it ended in 1804. It was a time of confusion, disorder, and bloodshed. The commoners of France decided that they were being treated unjustly and planned to overthrow their king. The French Revolution was a long and terrible war, which promoted democracy and equality for the people of France and resulted, not only in the death of Marie Antoinette and King Louis XVI, but with France becoming a more liberal country. This essay will investigate causes of the French Revolution such as enlightenment ideas, taxation and economical problems, and the political system of the time. It will be shown that there is not a single direct cause for the occurrence of the French Revolution, but many different reasons of varying importance.