While communism was about creating equality, there were still people in greater positions of power than the working class. The implications of this testing was that Roma children who were able to pass the test still ended up in special schools because they wanted to be with other Roma children (where most were not able to pass the exam). Ultimately, regardless of whether the children passed the exam or not, they ended up at the special schools. To the regime, having clever Roma children become part of Czechoslovakia and helping to better the state was less important than the perceived threat of Roma infiltrating the regime and hurting the communist dream of statehood over individualism. Infringement on Roma justice was perpetuated by both …show more content…
One of these customs was the practice of Roma marriage with an older man and a younger woman. “Many Romany men were locked up for sleeping with underage girls…” (HRW, 92), even though marriage within Roma culture had for a long time been men who were of legal age with underage women. While a law within Czechoslovakian society, the inability for the Romani to peacefully continue their cultural practices, again, erased an aspect of Roma life that would be difficult to regain without the fear of being convicted. In modern society, the practice of sleeping with an underage person has been banned for reasons of development that were not yet fully known during the 1950s to the 1980s. During the communist regime, these laws were practiced for safety but harshly punishable to a Romani because it meant further assimilation into the Czechoslovak society if they discontinued. It was further attacks on culture that became punishable by law, which illustrate the threat the regime posed to the Roma culture. However, the communists viewed the Roma as the real threat to the sovereignty of the nation and claimed that without these punishments there was no hope for keeping Czechoslovakia a functioning country. The citizens of Czechoslovakia believed them because there was already a deep-rooted fear and hatred that was felt toward …show more content…
This period of Romani newspapers, art and music came to an end in 1971 resulting in the loss of all freedoms that had been enjoyed and a return to persecution. A group called the Association of Gypsies-Roma in Czechoslovakia recognized their opportunity for national recognition in 1968 with the rise of “socialism with a human face”. Anton Facuna requested that the Czechoslovak government to recognize the Roma, “Previous measures concerning the so-called ‘Gypsy question’, even if they included well-meant proposals and regulations after 1945, have been for the most part implemented incorrectly. These measures have not fulfilled the conditions of social democracy for us Gyspies-Roma...administrative measures will not suffice to guarantee the rights of Gypsy-Citizens,” (Kouki, Romanos, 39). The power found within the Roma people and activist groups came from the memories of the pain suffered by the Roma during World War II and how they were persecuted then too. Since opportunities and ideas for freedom and equality were being pushed for by the Czechs and Slovaks there was an opportunity for the Roma to also demand equal treatment under the law. While not successful in the long term, this movement for Roma citizenship illustrated that the possibility of Roma power and culture becoming an aspect of Czechoslovakian culture.
In 1945, after the holocaust and after World War II, Czechoslovakia was in a period of distress, which made people seek for communism as a solution. Communism, a totalitarian regime, was a form of government in which nobody was allowed to own any private property and the government controlled all economic activity. This government structure was not only corrupt, but it also caused more economic crisis in Czechoslovakia. Despite the rough situation that Czechoslovakia was going through, none of its
One difference between the Hungarians and the Czechs was the effects of nationalism on the uprisings. Rooted in their history from 1848 Revolution against the Habsburg Empire, the Hungarians sought independence with the death of Stalin. Matyas Rakoski, a Stalin protégé, came to power as General Secretary of the Hungarian Worker’s Party in 1949. Using his authority as General Secretary, Rakoski oppressed the people of Hungary including purging political dissidents and killing 2,000 people of the total population. He used the State Protection Agency to carry out the purges bringing in an administration of absolute control and fear to the people of Hungary. But, the Hungarians would not completely abandon their nationalist hop...
One of the most controlled aspects of sexuality is the regulation of who can have sex with who. Most of these regulations are laws protecting people that cannot give consent, like minors and some people with disabilities, from being exploited by others. The age of consent is a highly debatable subject. In Elizabeth Cavalier and Elisabeth O. Burgess article Too Young to Consent? the authors point out that ‘the fifteen year gap between a 55- year old man and his 40- year old wife is less significant than the three year age difference between a 18- and 15- year old’ (Cavalier and Burgess 401). The minimal age in the United State is 16, but other states have the age at 18. The origins of these Unfortunately, like most aspects pertaining to sexuality,
According to A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust, the Roma (Gypsies) and African-Germans were attacked because of their ethnicity. These two groups fell into the category of being “asocial” and too undesirable. The gypsies had pre-existing prejudices against them before Hitler’s rise which he just expanded on by creating laws against them. They had their civil rights taken away. Many were deported or sent to forced labor camps, and murdered. In 1933, the "Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Defects," was put into effect which gave doctors and physicians the ability to take away the choice and ability for the Roma and others to reproduce. The Romani and Negroes were considered minorities with “alien blood” so they were no longer allowed to marry those of the Aryan race (“Sinti and Roma”). The Gypsies and African-Germans foreign appearance, and customs were viewed as a threat to the “superior” race. They were under extreme scrutiny and judgment by researchers and scientists. They were measured, tested and became part of experiments to p...
For at least three decades race, gender and biopower have all been linked together. The three terms used, are frameworks installed by governments to manage the population by categorizing, regulating and controlling its subjects. Race, gender and biopower are intertwined to illuminate the treatment of the minority for centuries. The mistreatment, discrimination and suffering experienced by the minorities throughout history is evident in the texts provided.
The Roma Gypsies, like the Jews, were chosen for complete genocide. Both groups of people were chosen completely based on their respective race. The Roma gypsies were not characterized by religion like the Jews, however, like the Jews; they were not respected throughout history and wer...
Marriage and Sexuality Marriage is a ritually recognized union in our society and in some cases a legal contract between spouses. The ultimate definition of marriage defers according to culture but principally it is a universal institution that consists of a bilateral decent system. According to the Webster’s dictionary, sexuality is an organism’s preparedness for engaging in sexual activity in other words, a human’s readiness to begin having sex or exploring sex. The nature of marriage and sexuality has had a solid influence on different cultures round the world even from pre-historic times. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the nature, taboos, requirements and social impact of marriage and sexuality within the Dobe Ju/’hoansi and the
The community research I’m doing is street gang violence in Pittsburgh, Pa. In Pittsburgh, its rank top worst gang violence you could possibly ever think of in the world. I choose this topic for my report because lately on news all you been hearing is killing, robbing, and stealing. A lot of people get killed or somehow end up in a cross fire. Pittsburgh is a very most beautiful place to live but don’t let that fool you. Every city has there good parts but in Pittsburgh has a lot of bad parts. For instance, downtown in the city of Pittsburgh is not safe at all. There are so many thefts than in real neighborhoods, including poorer ones. Crimes also tends to be random and opportunistic so just about any citizen can be a victim whether they are
Superiority and discrimination have been the underlying problem in many world-wide events throughout history leading into present day. Whether it be a caste system issue or a race issue, there’s always a group that labels themselves greater than that of another. This affair was apparent in 1940s Germany. The German people would be persuaded into a dictatorship led by Adolf Hitler, who while in power would give rise to Nazism, allowing the mistreatment of Jews to commence. This extermination would be known as “The Holocaust” translated to “sacrifice by fire” and would affect many different people groups during and after the event.
My topic is gang violence in Los Angeles and it has so much history behind of why, when, and where it started. Los Angeles had it’s first appearance in the news in 1973 when a of only 17 was shot dead by a school security guard for verbal fighting the security guard often. Gang violences historical development can vary depending on the ethnicity of the gang. Most of the Los Angeles gangs are at Echo Park that has 5 known gangs called EXP (Echo Park Locos), CRS (The Crazys), Frogtown, Big Top Locos, The Head Hunters. These gangs have similar crime records like robberies and shootings. The biggest crime records that are known are done by EXP which are the most park known gang in that particular area. This is not the only area in Los Angeles ruled by gangs there is also many places in the L.A. area that is ruled by gangs. There's a lot of history about gang violence in the Los Angeles area and most of them are about shootings.
33 countries. The ages of members range from 13 to 25 in which half the members
In the film, “Slumdog Millionaire” showed the world how India is a society that is filled with violence and abuse. Slumdog Millionaire exposes the tragic effects of poverty in many different cities of India. The film talks about a Mumbai boy, Jamal, who grew up in the slums that became a contestant on “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?” During the contest, Jamal were arrested under suspicion of cheating. Jamal was being interrogated by the police, and revealed events from his life history to explain why he knew the answers on “Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?”
he had nothing to do after school. Both he and G-Ball joined a gang by choice.
Czech photographer Josef Koudelka uses his powerful images, which often prominently feature Romani people, to make political statements. What Koudelka does is, however, remarkably different. His works prominently feature disenfranchised peoples, those who the government has made no strides to provide social security for, and highlights their personality. While the photographs, such as his “Invasion – Prague 1968” collection depict citizens in anything but secure positions, he almost takes a stance against the last line of Article 22. By claiming that social security is essential to the full development of human personality, the Declaration inadvertently decrees those without security to be without identity.
Violence. Just mentioning the word conjures up many images of assault, abuse, and even murder. Violence is a broad subject with many categories. Some types of violence are terrorist violence and domestic violence. Violence can arise from many different sources; these sources whether biological, cultural, and social all can evoke violent behavior. All cultures experience some sort of violence, and this paper considers violence as a cultural phenomenon across a range of various settings. Violence plays a part in both Islamic and Indian cultures according to the articles “Understanding Islam” and “Rising Dowry Deaths” by Kenneth Jost and Amanda Hitchcock, respectively. From an anthropological perspective, violence emphasizes concerns of meaning, representation and symbolism.