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Prosocial behavior
Prosocial behavior
The value of role models on one's behaviour
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Self-esteem plays a crucial role in many different aspects of an adolescent’s life. Having a low self-esteem has been found to be in direct relationship with negative outcomes and behaviors (Harter, 1999). A key factor that can positively affect the self-esteem of adolescents is the presence of a role model. With prosocial behaviors and social support, role models can help amplify the self-esteem of an adolescent, decreasing the likelihood that the adolescent will engage in negative behaviors such as: violence, bullying, substance use, and eating behaviors. There is a direct link between low-self esteem and antisocial behavior (Donnellan, 2004). Role models can alter an adolescent’s antisocial behavior and their attitudes toward violent behaviors by simply changing their behavior. Role models that participate in prosocial behaviors raise the self-esteem of teens so the they do not experience shame for being less supportive of violent behaviors (Hurd, 2011). By modeling prosocial behaviors, role models teach adolescents how to interact with individuals nonviolently. As a result, adolescents are inclined to perform in the same manner (Hurd, 2011).Also, when adolescents witness their role models get awarded for their prosocial behavior, they vicariously learn about the benefits associated with positive behaviors (Hurd, 2011). Adolescents often imitate the behavior of their role models (Hurd, 2011). So, being exposed to prosocial behaviors displayed by role models can lead to the development of attitudes for peaceful conflict resolutions that are nonaggressive. One major act of aggression among adolescents is bullying. Bullying can occur for several reasons. Studies have shown that a decrease is in an adolescent’s self-esteem can serve as a powerful predictor of an increase in bullying behavior (Guerra, 2011). Teens often report that they engage in bullying
Bullying has become a major problem facing the United States today. The American Psychological Association reports that roughly 40% to 80% of children are involved in bullying on some level during their time in school. (APA, 2014) The magnitude of the problem can be observed in the statistics. In the United States, a total of 4,080,879 children between the ages of five and 18 have been the victims of bullying compared to 3,892,199 who have reported that they have engaged in bullying someone else. Additionally, 851,755 said that they have been both the victim and the bully. That's a whopping 8,824,833 people in the United States that have been involved in bullying behavior on one level or another. (High, B., 2000 Census)
“New bullying statistics for 2010 revealed about one in seven students in grades kindergarten through 12th grade is either a bully or has been a victim of bullying” (“Bullying Statistics 2010”). How does a person detect whether someone is being bullied? “A person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself” (Olweus). Bullying takes place more in middle school because they are trying to fulfill a strong need for power, fit-in with their peers, and satisfy their pain. “Fear of being excluded by peers leads to by-standing, if the teen is aware of a bullying situation and decides to stay away or not get involved” (Vassar 26). Bully victims are targeted due to their sexuality, gender, religion, disabilities, and interests. 71 percent of the victims report bullying as an on-going problem. The effects of bullying can be best understood through the types of bullying, consequences of bullying, and legal policies prohibiting all forms of bullying.
A group of people reviewing a program called, “In Favor of Myself,” wrote, “Teenagers with low self-esteem often fall victim to a variety of unhealthy behaviors and may become more susceptible to peer pressure, while others may remain more self-centered” (Golan et al. 1). Teens almost feel the need to be popular, which could lead them into trouble. This could mean skipping class, smoking, drinking, cheating on a test. Moria Golan, Noaa Hagay, and Snait Tamir who are researching the effects of positive self-image wrote, “The desire to raise social status and impress peers leads many teenagers down a path of self-destruction” (Golan et al. 1). It seems that the teens that are getting into trouble or are who are infatuated with the idea of being popular, are the ones that need the most help with improving self-image. The group researching, “In Favor of Myself,” also wrote, “Negative body image is a widespread concern among...females and often results in dieting behaviors, which can perpetuate the risk of eating disorder development. Body image dissatisfaction is increasingly being recognized as an important target for public health action” (Golan et al.
Most humans tend to live by example and studies prove that our behavior is learned, but how do we explained the bad behavior of those that have good parents that are excellent role models. Some people would said that the parents are too flexible and the kids take advantage of them in the other hand when parents neglect the kids and are bad role models for their kids we easily find the answer to the problem. As a society we contradict ourselves for example; sometimes we tell parents to not be too flexible with our kids but at the same time we do not want parents to discipline their children too harsh. The question of why juveniles commit crime does not have an exact answer. Some juveniles commit crime because of peer pressure, anger against life, and others might be just do it for fun. Even though the question does not have a conquer answer to why juveniles commit crime we know that different factors contribute to the issue. In the book True Notebooks Mark the author did not only explain his personal experience as a volunteer teacher at the juvenile hall, but also what he learned from his students and how his perspective change regarding the juveniles as he spend more time with them. Mark also discover that even though he was not aware of it he was making a positive change on some of them and the fact that he was willing to teach them a writing class meant so much for some of the students, and most important Mark present on the book the different reasons juveniles commit crime.
Adolescence is a time of increased aggressive behavior. In a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12, almost a third reported being in a physical fight in the 12 months preceding the survey, 20.1% reported being bullied on school property, and 16.2% reported experiencing electronic bullying (e.g. through e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, websites, or texting) (Eaton et al., 2012). Additionally, a number of longitudinal studies indicate that aggression tends to peak in adolescence and young adulthood (e.g. (Loeber & Hay, 1997; Nagin & Tremblay, 1999; Sampson & Laub, 2003), although developmental trajectories of aggression remain a subject of scientific debate. Conflicting longitudinal findings suggest a more complex picture.
Peer pressure from friends can lead a certain juvenile to commit the same crime like their friends. For example, if part of a group of friends start committing robbery and theft, the other half may possibly start doing the same thing together causing a chain reaction. Another example, would be if a child had abusive parents. Having abusive parents can significantly change a child’s mindset and how they act around others. Furthermore, during one of the group student presentations about school and juvenile violence, they stated that ⅔ of school shooters throughout the years were bullied. By providing counseling programs and other help for those bullied can prevent those from committing school shootings or other deadly
... situates high status as a type of reinforcement for aggressive behaviour, as well as a variety of other past literature revolving around the concepts involved in this study, I hypothesize that a constant rate of perceived popularity over time will be positively correlated to an increase in peer nominated aggression over time, as well observed aggression. I believe a positive correlation will be demonstrated because teens perceive their aggression as an aid to maintaining their status, and further view their status as a reward reinforcing their aggression. I think this type of belief system will cause high status teens to increase in their aggressive behaviours over time (Prinstein and Cillessen, 2003). I further hypothesize that perceived popularity at Time 1 will be positively correlated to increases in observed aggression at Time 2, 3, and 4 for the same reasons.
Because confidence is hard to maintain, kids need these athlete role models to show them that they can accomplish hard things. Athlete role models also have confidence in their teammates as well. This teaches kids that in order to play their sport, they have to trust their teammates and believe that they can accomplish difficult tasks as well. This is not the only reason athletes are magnificent role models. Next, having an athlete role model gets kids outside and playing sports.
The values, attitudes, and interpersonal skills acquired early in life play a key role in the development of violent
This was exactly the situation that happened with Kathy. She had been working in the city breathing in this air for months, not knowing the damaging effects it would have on her body. She was eventually diagnosed with 3 different types of cancers within the span of 9 months. Overall, she has been diagnosed with breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and melanoma skin cancer. Her first diagnosis was breast cancer in May of 2011. She chose to have a double mastectomy, in order to eliminate the chance of the cancer coming back. Throughout her entire experience with breast cancer she remained very optimistic and never let her diagnosis affect her mood. She feels that her positive outlook likely helped her to get better. She even decided to get reconstructive
Without access to good role models, many children grow up with limited knowledge of the options available to them. Many children exposed to drugs, illicit sex, high crime and overwhelming poverty become less driven to find alternatives to the reality they know. If they have no one in their lives to help them navigate through the
”Role models are highly important for us psychologically, helping to guide us through life during our development, to make important decisions that affect the outcome of our lives, and to help us find happiness in later life”(Thomas). Thomas advises people on how important role modeling is and how it can help adolescents find happiness in later life. “First, the use of role modeling as a teaching method in secondary education is assessed. Second, adolescents role models and their moral qualities are identified”(Sanderse). Sanderse implies that the moral qualities are identified as well as their role models.
Bullying is a devastating issue that threatens the well-being of today’s youth. Those who are most likely at risk are those who; have a learning or physical disability i.g., autism or ADHD, are underweight or overweight, are gay/lesbian/transgendered, or speak a different language. Of course, there are no specific guidelines of who will become victims of bullying. Children who are bullied experience lower self-esteem, greater loneliness, greater anxiety, and more depression in addition to the already stressful adolescent years. The longer the bullying occurs the more profound the symptoms can become. As a low-level, subtle form of violence, bullying creates an unsafe school environment and can lead to more serious types of violence among students (Whitted & Dupper, 2005).
Bullying can also be considered as a major problem in the teenager bracket. This can occur in any social environment not just schools as mostly portrayed. Bullyi...
An estimated amount of 160,000 students across the United States misses school each day due to being a victim of bullying. From a present study, 29% of students involved in bullying, 14% of the children were said to be victims, 7% were bullies, and 8% were bullies and victims. The worst type of social behavior stems from bullying, and leads to complications in a student’s future. Bullying is a way of expressing aggressive behavior that is intended, and continues that sometimes leads to physical or mental injuries. Those who are victims of bullying, lack self-esteem, and become easily depressed by small objects. There are four common types of bullying: verbal, physical, relational aggression, and