Rogers' Diffusion and Adoption Research
Why do technology initiatives fail despite their promises and boundless possibilities?
From integrating technology in education to introducing technological innovation in agriculture, users acceptance presents a complex set of challenges to innovation diffusion. According to Everett Rogers, one reason why there is so much interest in the diffusion of innovations is because "getting a new idea adopted, even when it has obvious advantages, is very difficult" (Rogers, 1995, p. 1).
In the instructional technology field, the rapid advances in information technology urges on the educational reform. This reform created a need for more research in the educational application of technology as well as in the adoption and diffusion of instructional technology. According to Surry (1995), there are three reasons why the study of diffusion theory is beneficial to the field of instructional technology. First, most instructional technologists lack the knowledge of why their products are or are not adopted. Surry (1995) believes a study of diffusion theory could rectify this situation. Second, the field of instructional technology is often associated with the concept of innovations. Surry (1995) suggested that if instructional technologists understand the adoption and diffusion of innovation theory, they will be more prepared to work effectively with potential adopters. Third, Surry (1995) concluded the studies of the diffusion theory could result in developing a systematic model of adoption and diffusion for the instructional technology field.
As instructional technologists, not only do we need to create well-designed products, we need to ensure the adoption of these produc...
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However, it is interesting how contradictory the finding is to several other claims. Studies have shown that serotonin, in normal levels, exerts a calming, inhibitory effect on neuronal firing (5) and that, in low levels of serotonin, aggressive and impulse behaviors increase (6).This contradicts the previous claim that a built-up, or high levels of serotonin caused by the MAOA mutation, causes violent behavior.
Working as an Instructional Technology Specialist for the past seven years has provided many opportunities to observe teachers and students in a classroom setting. During this time teachers have been in the process of phasing in a new standards-based curriculum with an emphasis on student mastery of these standards. New technology tools have also been incorporated in many classrooms including studen...
Gabler, Neal. 2006. Walt Disney: The triumph of the American imagination. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Of the chemical neurotransmitter substances, serotonin is perhaps the most implicated in the treatment of various disorders, including anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, stroke, obesity, pain, hypertension, vascular disorders, migraine, and nausea. A major factor in the understanding of the role of 5-HT in these disorders is the recent rapid advance made i...
...adoption is inevitable and will result in change. However, the adopter based theory argues that the technological superiority of a product or system may not lead to its adoption because of the "human, interpersonal, and social factors" involved in adopting a new technology in a certain social context (Surry and Farquhar, 1997, p.8 ). The QWERTY and Dvorak keyboard are an example of how technological superiority is often not enough for a new product or service to be adopted(Surry and Farquhar, 1997, p. 9). As one can see, these theories connect the diffusion theory to instructional technology. The question remains, do we adopt technology for technology’s sake and assume a change for the better or do we adopt technology when it is relevant to the learner’s environment and take our chances? "Risk is a final factor…in educational innovation"(Wright et al., 1995, p. 3).
Reiser, R. A., & Dempsey, J. V. (2007). Trends and issues in instructional design. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory has been used successfully in many fields including communication, agriculture, public health, criminal justice, social work, marketing, and nursing (Boston University of Public Health, 2013; Doyle, Garrett & Currie, 2013 ). There are five adopter categories: (1) innovators who want to be the first to try the innovation and counts for 2.5% of a specific population, (2) early Adopters who represent opinion leaders and counts for 13.5%, (3) early majority who are rarely leaders, but they do adopt new ideas before the average person and counts for 34%, (4) late majority who are skeptical of change, and will only adopt an innovation after it has been tried by the majority and counts for 34%, and (5) laggards who are bound by tradition and very conservative, and counts for 16%. The stages of innovation adoption include awareness of the need for an innovation, decision to adopt (or reject) the innovation, initial use of the innovation to test it, and continued use of the innovation. There are five main factors that influence adoption of an innovation: (1) advan...
The increase of addiction to prescription drugs has increased over the past few years. As a result the amount of pharmacy robberies has amplified as well. Certain patients are going to multiple physicians in order to get controlled prescriptions; this is called “doctor shopping.” They are then filling the prescriptions at different pharmacies by paying “out of pocket,” without insurance. Filling prescriptions without insurance and at different pharmacies allows patients to get the medications more frequently. Insurance companies usually limit people from filling prescriptions early (before their medication runs out). It has been too simple to get control prescriptions from doctors in this day and age. Physicians have been arrested for writing narcotic prescriptions unnecessarily and too easily. Some patients even steal prescription pads from the doctor’s offices, in order to write their own prescriptions for controlled medications. It is the pharmacist’s role to spot these “fake” prescriptions. This is a vicious cycle and it needs to be stopped.
The most prominent of those scholars is Everett M. Rogers who is considered to be the foremost authority on the diffusion of innovation theory. He published his first book The Diffusion of Innovation in 1962, in it he compiled about five hundred different studies conducted by other researchers and from that he postulated that a unifying theory could explain why, how and at what rate innovations would be adopted by a certain culture (Singhal 2003). E.M. Rogers as stated compiled other people’s research, which were predominately surveys of individuals, from that research he was able find the elements that he believed had an impact on diffusion. One of the strengths of this theory is that it can be used on an individual, group, or some other social order, which makes it qui...
This paper will define and explore the three major aspects of Gagné’s approach to instructional design, which include: nine events of instruction, conditions of learning and learning outcomes. How Gagné’s theory correlates to the Walter Dick and Lou Carey’s systems approach to instructional design will also be considered (Dick and Carey, 1996).
Polymorphisms of the 5-HT2a receptor gene have been implicated as a minor risk factor for developing schizophrenia (Steeds, 2015). Additionally, a loss of PFC 5-HT2a receptors accompanied by an increase in 5-HT1a receptors and a blunted neuroendocrine response to 5-HT2a agonists (Eggers, 2013, Millan, 2000) have been seen in schizophrenia. Finally, the high affinity of atypical antipsychotic medications such as clozapine for the 5-HT2a receptor further supports the role of the 5-HT serotonergic systems in schizophrenia (Eggers, 2013).
Instructional Design is a systematic approach to design, evaluation and management of instruction. It helps to facilitate learning in an effort to improve. There are many models that have been developed to assist in the design of instructional materials. This paper will compare three: ADDIE, ASSURE and Kemp with a focus on online learning.
The “Farm-to-Fork movement” as it is called in some circles aspires to have farmers produce and sell the food as they have for centuries – through natural processes that don’t negatively impact the environment. The result, say advocates, is a better earth, nourishing food and healthier people. The choice of natural and organic food is evidenced by the huge spike in sales by warehouse retailer Costco (Gonzalez). The Washington-based company recently surpassed Whole Foods Market as the number one purveyor of organic foods in the United States (Gonzalez). Costco is projected to make $4 billion in sales of organic products this year, representing more than 1 out of 10 dollars in the organic food sales market (Gonzalez). The Organic Trade Association, an industry group, estimates total organic-food sales in the U.S. to be around $36 billion (Gonzalez). These numbers indicate that the natural food movement cannot be ignored. With that in mind, how will the earth continue to feed itself? The answer is not an easy one. There will be many solutions, spewed by politicians, farmers, scientists and ordinary people. Whatever the answer, it is clear that the world’s people need to change course. Old habits need to be adjusted, from the voracious consumption of meat to the addiction to processed foods like soda. The world will need to find its way back to nature, back to the roots of the land that had sustained people for centuries
Starr, L. (2011, June 14). Education World. Retrieved 11 2, 2013, from Technology Integration/ Ideas That Work: http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech/tech176.shtml
Pitler, H., Hubbell, E. R., & Kuhn, M. (2012). Using technology with classroom instruction that works (2nd ed.). Alexandria, VA and Denver, CO: ASCD and Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning.