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Compare art during the industrial revolution and the contemporary world
Art criticism and art history
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The Rococo art style in the 18th was a decorative style of art that originated in the hotels and salons of Paris. S and C curves, shells, wings, scrolls, plant tendril forms, and cartouches meaning elaborate frame, all distinguished Rococo. However, the Neoclassicism art style in the late 18th century portrayed the middle class society and unlike the composition of Rococo painted ceilings, its composition is simpler with limited figures. The Rococo and Neoclassical styles of art were both influenced by European life, reflected Europe’s culture, and had different political and social themes.
The Industrial Revolution that took place in the 1800’s was a radical change that began in England and soon enough had spread through Europe and America. As a result, social, political, and economical transformations took place and art shifted in style and subject themes flourished. The Philosophes, which were philosophers who dominated the French Enlightment and visited salons, contributed to the development of art criticism. The Rococo artistic style reflects the merriness that the wealthy people decorated their homes with, while the Neoclassical art style focused more on the middle class people and was distinguished by Western art and culture of Ancient Greece or Rome. The culture helped shape the Neoclassicism art style that represented the growth of a civilized society. The Rococo art style in the 18th century depicted domestic life in the upper class, elegantly well dress aristocrats, and mythological themes. Neoclassicism on the other hand saw the rise of Greek and Roman classical themes as more of their culture was revealed. The Neoclassicism art style was also incorporated in paintings that had to do with the Revoluti...
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...ice. In many ways this picture fits in with ideas that were around the revolution that only men had the capability of sacrificing for the state of being true citizens. This depicts that the problems of life really struck artists to paint what was going on around them. David shows the figures posing with strong powerful gestures to enhance the emotionalism.
The central column that extends to the top of the painting is shown to separate Brutus from his family and emphasize the distance between them.
Both the Rococo and Neoclassical style of art portrayed how society lived. Neoclassicm was based on its trademarks, balance, and order, which may have associated in how art was viewed by the public. Some Neoclassical paintings depicted balance and order among society and political issues. The Rococo style on the other hand, deals with the pleasures of the upper class.
During the late sixteenth century a new style of art, known as Mannerist, emerged through out Italy as a result of the Protestant Reformation. Mannerist distorted art was justified because it served mid way between the ideal, natural, symmetrical and the real, artificial, and unbalanced. The religious and political upheaval lead to the distinct Mannerist style know for being stylish, cultured, and elegant. Mannerist art is thought provoking, asking the viewer to ponder and respond to the spatial challenges and meaning found in the painting, sculpture, and architectural work. Mannerist painting and sculpture are characterized by complicated compositions, distorted figure styles, and complex allegorical interpretations. Meanwhile Mannerist architecture often employs classical elements in a new and unusual way that defies traditional formulas.
The 18th century is well known for its complex artistic movements such as Romantism and Neo-classical. The leading style Rococo thrived from 1700-1775 and was originated from the French words rocaille and coquille which meant “rock” and “shell”; used to decorate the Baroque gardens1. Identified as the age of “Enlightenment”, philosophers would ignite their ideas into political movements1. Associated with this movement is England’s John Locke who advanced the concept of “empiricism”. This denotes that accepting knowledge of matters of fact descends from experience and personal involvement1. Locke’s concept assisted the improvements of microscopes and telescopes allowing art students in the French academy to observe real life1. Science and experience influenced painting more so in Neo-Classicalism. Locke fought for people’s rights and the power or “contract” between the ruler and the ruled. Reasoning that “the Light in Enlightenment referred to the primacy of reason and intellect…and a belief in progress and in the human ability to control nature”1. Hence, the commence of experimental paintings such as Joseph Wright’s (1734-1797) oil on canvas painting: Fig.1 An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump. This image was developed through science by placing a bird in glass container and pumping air to see the effects it would have on the bird (White cockatoo)1. Throughout the late 18th and early 19th century in Western Europe, Neo-Classical art became the “true Style” and was accepted by the French Revolution under Louis XIV. Neo-Classical art was a reaction to Rococo’s light hearted, humour and emotion filled pieces.
This lack of respect and no real opportunity to interact intellectually with this Patriarchy gave the patrons and artists the fire to build their own way of having discussions and interactions with others through their salons in their home during the 18th century. The Salons were where Rococo art became well known and wanted throughout the elite. This woman dominated style helped create an opportunity, for many years after, for women to gain a sort of freedom that has been a struggle for them achieve.
As a beginner student in art history, exploring the Neoclassical and Romantic art movements offers a fascinating journey into understanding how art was used as a medium for conveying messages by governments, institutions, and individuals. Let's delve into the characteristics of each style and how they effectively communicate messages, using "The Death of General Wolfe" by Benjamin West as an example of Neoclassical art and "The Nightmare" by Henry Fuseli as an example of Romantic art. Neoclassical art emerged in the 18th century as a reaction against the frivolity and excesses of the Baroque and Rococo styles. It sought inspiration from classical Greek and Roman art, focusing on clarity, order, and rationality. The "Death of General Wolfe" exemplifies these traits.
“Philosophers, writers, and artists expressed disillusionment with the rational-humanist tradition of the Enlightenment. They no longer shared the Enlightenment's confidence in either reason's capabilities or human goodness.” (Perry, pg. 457) It is interesting to follow art through history and see how the general mood of society changed with various aspects of history, and how events have a strong connection to the art of the corresponding time.
In this essay, I shall try to examine how great a role colour played in the evolution of Impressionism. Impressionism in itself can be seen as a linkage in a long chain of procedures, which led the art to the point it is today. In order to do so, colour in Impressionism needs to be placed within an art-historical context for us to see more clearly the role it has played in the evolution of modern painting. In the late eighteenth century, for example, ancient Greek and Roman examples provided the classical sources in art. At the same time, there was a revolt against the formalism of Neo-Classicism. The accepted style was characterised by appeal to reason and intellect, with a demand for a well-disciplined order and restraint in the work. The decisive Romantic movement emphasized the individual’s right in self-expression, in which imagination and emotion were given free reign and stressed colour rather than line; colour can be seen as the expression for emotion, whereas line is the expression of rationality. Their style was painterly rather than linear; colour offered a freedom that line denied. Among the Romanticists who had a strong influence on Impressionism were Joseph Mallord William Turner and Eugéne Delacroix. In Turner’s works, colour took precedence over the realistic portrayal of form; Delacroix led the way for the Impressionists to use unmixed hues. The transition between Romanticism and Impressionism was provided by a small group of artists who lived and worked at the village of Barbizon. Their naturalistic style was based entirely on their observation and painting of nature in the open air. In their natural landscape subjects, they paid careful attention to the colourful expression of light and atmosphere. For them, colour was as important as composition, and this visual approach, with its appeal to emotion, gradually displaced the more studied and forma, with its appeal to reason.
There were distinct characteristics and elements that had influenced the style of furniture in the neoclassic era. “Symmetry, geometric forms, and decorative motifs such as swags, urns, and lyres were combined in the architecture of the period” (Ledes, 420). Symmetry was seen a lot in furniture and the interiors of buildings and homes either in rectangular or in oval form. In the early French neoclassic furniture focused on straight lines and fluted legs. “Chair backs were oval, circular, or rectangular, sometimes with a slight arc at the top of the crest rail; seats and arms also featured smooth arcs, as geometric shapes prevailed” (Crochet, 146). Furniture had gilt tapered legs with square or oval backs.
This essay is based on the semiotic and formal analysis of design differences and comparisons between art deco and art nouveau. the two movements surround the events of world war 1 mainly and influenced but political and social events within the western cultures such as France, England and America. both art movements play a significant role in representing the way people lived socially and representing such aspects of their life spans as wealth, religious views and political and economic influences.
In the late 18th century, many countries were slowly being transformed into industrialized places; cities were getting bigger, industries were growing everywhere and many technologies like steam engines were appearing. This phenomenon called the Industrial Revolution first started in England and then spread to France and Germany. Industrialization helped in the development of society, the economy and at some point, art, but it also left behind a devastated society. In fact, the Industrial Revolution was a great inspiration for artists who lived in that time. For instance, the impressionist French artist Claude Monet painted La Gare de Saint-Lazare (1877) at the beginning of the revolution. Adolph Menzel, a German realist painter, also depicted the revolution with his painting The Iron Rolling Mill (1875) and William Blake, a British romantic artist, wrote a poem named “London” (1794) in which the main theme is the revolution. Although they are all from a different cultural movements, including Impressionism, Realism and Romanticism, they all depict the effects of the industrial revolution with a pessimistic view.
The French Revolution, indeed, changed the structure of economics and social sphere of the old regime, and also the ideology of that time. In the years that followed the Revolution, the always increasing senses of both freedom and individuality were evident, not only in French society, but also in art. As stated by Dowd, “leaders of the French Revolution consciously employed all forms of art to mobilize public sentiment in favor of the New France and French nationalism.” In between all the artistic areas, the art of painting had a special emphasis. After the Revolution, the French art academies and also schools were now less hierarchical and there was, now, more freedom of engaging into new themes, not being the apprentices so tied up to their masters footsteps, not being so forced to follow them.
Artist in the Neoclassical and Romantic period played a significant role in French Revolution, this was evident in the propaganda they portray in their work; prior to the revolution, most artists used their paintings and other forms of artwork to convey their message to the public. The Neoclassical style painting drew inspiration from ancient Greece and Rome for their work. The depiction of heroic figures was apparent in this style. Romanticism on the other hand, used contemporary events to get ideas for their work and involves more emotion compared to Neoclassicism.
Those visual art styles were created by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism has a great role about the understanding of modernism and that plays a role in the 20th century art till this day. In the article it says: “…Cubism was the cornerstone of twentieth-century art because it broke with past tradition definitively; established “modernist” flatness, opticality, and involvement with the medium of art; and thus sanctioned a new tradition that would lead to nonobjective art as well as to assemblage and to other “modernist” principles and practices.” By reading this it shows that Cubism had a huge impact in the 20th century and that it had something special about it that made it really important. Cubism is all about art and it’s also art, Picasso is really popular because of his work and that was all in the period of Cubism which is still to this day. Cubism is one of the first to be most developed in the modern era, especially in the visual
There are several events and movements within the Enlightenment that contributed to the rise of Neoclassicism. The expansion, evolution, and redefinition of the European standard classical education was one of the greatest causes, as well was the then recent archeological discoveries of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The rise in commissioned art and architecture and the refinement of art scholarship also gave rise to this movement. Finally, the general reaction to the exorbitant styles of Baroque and Rococo necessitated a return to the more orderly ideals of antiquity. The Neoclassical movement, for the purposes of this paper, can be defined as the movement that, from 1750 to 1830, looked back to the Greek and Roman artists, philosophers, and ideals as the highest point in artistic achievement and then attempted to combine antiquity's feelings of solidarity and harmony with new designs to create a vibrant and exciting, yet distinguished and restrained art form.
For this task, the two art periods that I have decided to compare are the Baroque and the Neoclassical periods. The discipline within in the humanities that I have choose to focus on for this essay is the aspect of architecture in the respective periods.
Unlike Baroque, which was more of a “bad taste” and bizarre, Rococo was also unnatural but developed, especially in Germany and Austria, into a very beautiful style.... ... middle of paper ... ... Vogue magazine, 1920 -. The Universe History of Art and Architecture Baroque and Rococo, Erich Hubala.