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Problems with the Kyoto protocol
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This essay, as mentioned in the title, refers to the 3 major conferences held in the past two decades, organised by the United Nations. The main objective was to reduce emissions, save the environment from further damage, and increase sustainability The first one to be held was the Rio Summit, also known as the United Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Following the Stockholm Conference of 1972, the UNCED received a far greater attendance, it received the participation of 172 countries with 108 heads of state, also included numerous non-governmental organisations (NGOs), in the order of 2,400 and 17,000 people in the NGO forum. The outcome of this conference was three major agreements aimed at changing our approach towards development. [1] These were: Agenda 21, a comprehensive document that lists the actions that must be taken where humans directly affect the environment. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (RDED), a list of 27 principles ‘defining the rights and responsibilities of the states’ towards sustaining the environment. Finally, The Statement of Forest Principles (SFP), a non-legally binding document that makes several recommendations towards the preservation of forest areas. [2] Agenda 21 is divided into 4 sections. The first deals not with the environment but rather problems concerned with society, such as poverty and health. The second deals with development and the resources needed to develop such as biodiversity, and atmospheric pollution. The third again deals raising awareness to the general public about sustainability and increase the participation from their part, especially through NGOs and businesses. Lastly the fourth deals with the methods of implementation of the previous... ... middle of paper ... ...xible_mechanisms.27. [Accessed 02 October 2011] [12] Joint implementation . 2011. Joint implementation . [ONLINE] Available at: http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/mechanisms/joint_implementation/items/1674.php. [Accessed 02 October 2011]. [13] Q&A: Copenhagen climate change conference 2009 | Environment | guardian.co.uk . 2011. Q&A: Copenhagen climate change conference 2009 | Environment | guardian.co.uk . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/may/01/q-and-a-copenhagen-summit. [Accessed 02 October 2011]. [14] The Meaning of Copenhagen. 2011. The Meaning of Copenhagen. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.postcarbon.org/article/54564-the-meaning-of-copenhagen. [Accessed 02 October 2011]. [15] The Copenhagen Accord. 2011. The Copenhagen Accord. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.carbonplanet.com/copenhagen. [Accessed 02 October 2011].
Although it is often a topic for contention in politics, global warming over the span of several decades, has led to climate change, which has had an alarming impact globally. Climate change needs to ...
The Web. 27 Nov. 2011. http://www.feem.it/Feem/Pub/Publications/WPapers/default.htm>. Nordhaus, William D. "Economic Aspects of Global Warming in a Post-Copenhagen Environment. "
(7) Adams, W. M. The Future of Sustainability: Re-thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-first Century. Rep. The World Conservation Union, 22 May 2006. Web. 23 Oct. 2013.
The Kyoto Protocol is one of the most ambitious international environmental agreements to date. Adopted on 11 December 1997 by negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the treaty’s aim was to commit countries to a 5% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their 1990 levels (Prins and Rayner, 2008). These commitments in GHG reduction, CO2 emissions in particular, were to begin in 2005 with goals expected to be reached by 2012. A total of 191 parties ratified the protocol, with 38 industrialized nations and the European Community with binding commitments to reducing their emissions, while developing countries, including India and China remained exempt. United States did not ratify the protocol, while Canada renounced its commitments in 2011. In order to monitor the CO2 flux of each country, actual emissions
“An introduction to climate change.” Natural Resource Defense Council. Natural Resources Defense Council 8 November 2015 n. pag. Web. 28 November 2015.
The development of environmental regimes involves a five-fold process. The first process is the agenda setting and issue definition stage, which identifies and brings attention to an issue to the international community. Secon...
Climate change has been an extremely controversial topic in recent history and continues to create much debate today. Many questions concerning climate change’s origins and its potential affect on the globe are not fully understood and remain unanswered. What is climate change? Is climate change happening? Is it a natural cycle of the world or are there other catalysts involved such as human activity? What proof is there? What data correlations show climate change is accelerated by humans? How serious is climate change and how will it affect the future of our globe? What are we doing to address climate change? Should we really be concerned about climate change? Questions such as these have made climate change a very serious issue in today’s world and created the ideology of climatism. The issue of climate change has affected many different aspects of our lives and the world we live in. Policymaking, human activism, technologies, emission control, global warming, alternative energy sources and many other things have been greatly affected by the mania of climate change. This research report will present climate change in a light of common sense and rationality that will take a grounded discussion of the science behind climate change, global warming, human activity, and how the ideology of climatism has corrupted and driven the actions to combat climate change.
Nowadays, we can see a lot of campaigns to reduce this humans’ contribution of greenhouse gases to atmosphere. These campaign’s missions are usually about reducing the energy that we use, convincing us to use recyclable energy, stopping the deforestation... These missions are all about mitigating to climate change. Climate change mitigation is the actions to limit the significant rate of long term climate change. In other words, climate change mitigation is all of the actions about lowering the humans’ greenhouse gas contribution to atmosphere. It is now too late for humans’ to prevent the effects of climate change, but these effects can be reduced in the future with mitigation. The most popular treaty, disenchant of humanity, is Kyoto Protocol. The main goal of Kyoto Protocol is reducing the human emitted greenhouse gases, in other word, mitigation. Also in ways that underlying national differences in GHG emissions, wealth, and capacity to make th...
A policy of controlled development -"sustainable development"-was codified at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro. Momentum had been building since United Nations Conference on Human Environment held in Stockholm in 1972. At Stockholm the outline for sustainable development was first drafted and presented to the world's leaders and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) was born. More than a dozen international conferences followed, culminating in the Rio Conference.
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992) The Declaration of Rio on Environment and Development [Online] Available at: http://www.unep.org/Documents.multilingual/Default.asp?DocumentID=78&ArticleID=1163
Hardy, J. T. Climate Change: Causes, Effects, and Solutions. New York: J. Wiley, 2003. Print.
In conclusion, global climate change is a very long discussion with many ways to improve the environment, but a long journey to finding a solution. Although we can 't do away with our main sources like power plants, cars, and factories we must continue to find solutions to making our environment safer and suitable to live in. Hopefully in the near future we will have a better understanding of how to address our global climate changes, but for now, we can focus our ideas on preventative ways to not harm ourselves and our
Shehzad, B. (2012). International Environment, Room 013, Block 16, Middlesex University Dubai. (5th April, 2012)
This conference triggered the creation of a new resolution titled, “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”. This resolution incorporated “far-reaching” goals concerning poverty, cooperation, and protection issues, intending for these goals to be resolved by 2030. As asserted in A/RES/70/1, the United Nations seeks “to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom” by primarily creating partnership between countries. Following this, Agenda 21, a finalized plan of action, was created by a conference run by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) and adopted by 178 governments. The Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created in the following conference to assure that the goals addressed in Agenda 21 were properly executed. This agenda was a commitment to maintain diverse aspects of sustainability such as combating climate change, improving sanitation, and helping human settlements. A/RES/70/210 recalls that the United Nations “acknowledges the importance of making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and
Agenda 21, also referred to as Earth Summit, is an all-inclusive plan of action that is to be completed globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, governments, and major environmental groups in every area in which humans impact the environment. Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, and the Statement of principles for the Sustainable Management of Forests were all adopted by more than 178 governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development that was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil June 13-14, 1992.