Retribution Model Of Punishment Essay

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Final Exam Kristina McLaughlin Saint Joseph’s University CRJ 565 Question 1: Word Count The judicial system is based off the norms and values that individuals are held to within society. When a person is found guilty of committing a criminal act, there must be a model that serves as the basis of what appropriate punishment should be applied. These models of punishment are often based off of ethical theories and include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, and restoration. The retribution model of punishment views the offender as responsible for their actions and as such, the punishment should fit the crime (Mackie, 1982). Incapacitation is a form of punishment that removes an offender from society. This model protects A. (1983). Bentham's utilitarian critique of the death penalty. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 74(3), 1033-1065. J. L. Mackie (1982) Morality and the retributive emotions, Criminal Justice Ethics, 1:1, 3-10, DOI: 10.1080/0731129X.1982.9991689 Progar, J. (2012). Review of juveniles at risk: A plea for preventive justice. Journal Of Youth And Adolescence, 41(12), 1702-1704. doi:10.1007/s10964-012-9841-0 Royster, M. (2012). The success and of scared straight: A reassessment of juvenile delinquency deterrent methods and their measurements. International Journal Of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 6(8), 145-151. (**** https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44295/ ) Bishop, D., and Frazier, C. (2000).Consequences of Transfer. In J. Fagan and F. Zimring. (Eds.), The Changing Borders of Juvenile Justice: Transfer of Adolescents to the Criminal Court (pp. 227-276). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Redding, R. E. (2010). Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency? Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Altschuler, D. M., Armstrong, T. L., & Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency, P. (1994). Intensive aftercare for high-risk juveniles: a community care model. Intensive Aftercare For High-Risk Juveniles: A Community Care Trojanowicz and Bucqueroux created the following definition of community policing, “community policing is a philosophy of full service personalized policing, where the same officer patrols and works in the same area on a permanent basis, from a decentralized place, working in a proactive partnership with citizens to identify and solve problems.” In order for the police to successfully prevent crimes, public cooperation is needed. Various community policing programs have been implemented and it is important to discuss the benefits and limitations of these programs. Community policing allows the community to be actively involved and become a partner in promoting safety. This partnership increases trust of police officers and helps citizens understand that the police are on their side and want to improve their quality of life (Ferreira, 1996). The role of the police officers goes beyond that of a “crime fighter” and expands to multiple roles including that of a victim-centered

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