Resistance In Pesticide Resistance Management

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What is resistance? Resistance is the ability of a significant portion of a pest population to survive a pesticide at rates that once killed most individuals of that population. In other word, it is defined as `a heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population to a pesticide that is resulting in the failure of a product or correct application of pesticide to achieve the expected level of control of insect.
The use of insecticides does not create resistance but it can develop when the same insecticide with the same mode of action are through the overuse of it against the insects. Resistance is not changes the individual pest but it changes the population. This will happen when they reproduce their resistant and change their genetic and will continuously to their offspring. Hence, the number of resistant in their population becomes larger.
There are many strategies and tactics for insecticide resistance management that we can take it to solve our factors that influence resistance management problem. Hence, to accomplish this goal, resistance surveillance has three objectives. Firstly, before to begin the control operation, we must provide baseline data for program planning and pesticide selection. Secondly, we must detect resistance at an early stage and lastly, we must monitor the effect of control strategies on resistance continuously.
There are a few major factors that influence resistance development which are;
• Frequency of application
• Dosage and persistence of effect
• Rate of reproduction
• Population isolation

a) Frequency of application

Frequency of application is defined as how often an insecticide is used that influence resistance development. Resistance can happen in many ways such as met...

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...and relatively low rate of reproduction which are females producing in total fewer than 10 offspring.

d) Population isolation

The main goal of vector control is to eliminate all of the population. But it is not easy as we say to accomplish this goal. However, if the selection pressure that is put on a population is greater, the susceptibility may be lost also will faster. If the individuals possessing susceptible genes emigrate from untreated areas, they will dilute and compete with the resistance genes in the overall population. We need detect the resistance at an early stage and also must do an early step in a vector control programme so that timely management can be implemented and the significance of immigration of untreated insects can be estimate. We also must consider the risk of insecticide resistance during planning a resistance management programme.

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