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John B Watson Little Albert experiments
The effects of classical conditioning
The effects of classical conditioning
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Little Albert was a subject of John Watson, in the study of conditioned responses. In class we received three articles to read and analyze. The first article is the study of Little Albert. While, the other two articles are possible ideas of what happened to Albert after he was conditioned to fear white objects. The first article that I read was Conditioned Emotional Reactions; this article was the actual report of the Watson and Rayner experiment on Little Albert. My first reaction to the article was that I felt sorry for Albert B.. He did not choose this for himself. Although, because he was unemotional was the reason he was chosen. Would the experiment have been different if another infant was chosen? I’m sure depending on the infant, yes …show more content…
I say this because Albert was never unconditioned of his fear of white rats, dogs, rabbits, masks and etc. For some people, their fears are very detrimental and will keep them from doing things that they love. So, Albert was trained to fear everyday things, like dogs. Now, if you were walking down the street and see a dog, it can cause some high anxiety, which is not always good. In addition, Albert was conditioned to fear a Santa Claus mask. Many children already are scared of Santa, probably only because he is different looking. Yet, Santa is a fun person for about everyone’s childhood. Therefore, this could be traumatic to Albert’s …show more content…
This question was investigated in the remaining two articles. I think that it is interesting that no one ever really knew what happened to Albert. Watson and Rayner conducted their study on “Albert” about 90 some years ago. In the article Finding Little Albert the authors tried to identify potential Alberts. At first when I was reading the article I thought it would be easy to find Albert, based on the dates that Watson and Rayner provided in the documentation of their study. Then with the birth date of Albert, go the hospital and find the records of babies born on that date. Although, as I continued to read in the first investigation article it was not that simple. Therefore, I agree with the intense investigation of finding the exact date to in which the Albert studies were conducted. Even though the exact age of Albert was given, there were no dates of when the experiment occurred. In the first article, it was apparent that they did extensive research to when the study could have taken place. The different resources they accessed was interesting to me. I say this because any type of documentation they could find with a date related to when the experiment, they used it. For instance, I found it interesting that Beck and others, referenced the letters Watson had sent to Goodnow including the thank you letter. Also, beside that actual birthdate of Albert maybe it was possible that people working in the
Alfred Adler was born in 1870. He published his first major psychology book, Understanding Human Nature, in 1959. Alder has a passionate concern for the common person and he was very outspoken about child-rearing practices, school reforms, and prejudices that resulted in conflict. Alder created 32 child guidance clinics in the Vienna public schools and began training teachers, social workers, physicians, and other professionals. Alder believes that where we are striving to go is more important than where we have come from. He saw humans as both the c...
I liked how the book made me really want to read it and find out what was going to happen next and what Vithy was going to do. I also like how the book is really enthusiastic and gave me a lot of detail about what was happening and for once made me picture the book and the scene in my head. I was a bit shocked when I heard the part where Mang lead the Soldiers away and Vithy heard gun shots. I think that Vithy and Mang have a good brother to brother relationship because even though Vithy heard gunshots and Mang didn’t come back Vithy hasn’t given up on Mang and he is determined to find Mang and bring him home. I think that this book is not to far fetched because it tells us what really happened and really happening to people that get put into slavery and good readers can picture the book in there head and imagine what it would have been like for the people. The book to me was believable because it would be really hard to just make all of this up right on the spot and then write a 144 page book about it. I would recommend the book Little Brother for anyone that has a good taste in adventure books and true stories I would probably recommend it for anyone with a good taste for adventure books and true stories because, it is a good
The first trait shone through him is perseverance. This is important because if Marions dad didn't get through the hard and and sad times then he wouldn't have survived the holocaust. Marions dad shows this trait when his parents died. In the book Four perfect Pebbles Albert said "Daddy was upset about the death of our grand
But too all-good things there are bad. Not liking his brothers, he would get picked on by them. Albert’s relationship with his parents was poor and had conjured in his mind that they didn’t have anytime for him at all or even loved him, but that his governess had shown him more affection towards him. Albert was never allowed to interact with any other children that weren’t in the upper class. He was never allowed to play in parks or even on the streets. At the age of 17 Albert met Margaret Webber to whom he fell in love with and had gotten married to after he left his studies. Wanting to become a mathematician Albert was forced to follow his father’s footsteps and become and architect. Not being able to become a mathematician and becoming an architect Albert had never really gotten to follow his dreams but it did give him the opportunity to work with one of the greatest dictators. Hitler.
Watson did not debrief either Albert or his parents about the nature of the study. The study’s purpose was to induce an emotional response of fear into this young child. Watson both physically and mentally harmed the child, possibly leaving Albert emotionally traumatized by the experiment. To add,
Through the course of the novel, Albert is an appalling husband, father, and person. He treats his wife, Celie as if she is his slave from the beginning of their arranged marriage; he expects her to cook three meals a day, and take care of his many children from his previous marriage. Albert does not begin to realize the pain he is causing, or at least try to make himself change until Celie leaves him. “You a lowdown dog is what’s wrong, I say. It’s time to leave you and enter into the Creation. And your dead body is just the welcome mat I need…” (Walker 207). It took words as powerful as these for him to become aware of the fact that he did not love or resp...
Fish was born on May 19,1870 in Washington, D.C. and was placed in an orphanage at age five after his father passed away. During his stay at the orphanage, Fish observed and experienced numerous acts of perversions including forced masturbation in front of other children and brutal beatings. Albert would become sexually aroused by these acts, which helped to further his obsession with sado-masochism. Fish would later say, "That place ruined my mind." Finally, at age 7, Fish was reunited with his mother. Shortly thereafter, he fell from a cherry tree causing severe head trauma causing him dizzy spells and severe headaches. After graduating from high school, Fish started working odd jobs and traveling around the country. This gave him perfect opportunity to commit crimes.
In observational learning, a child takes note of what his or her mother or father considers to be threatening. On the other hand, children can also be conditioned by their own life experiences through a process called operant conditioning (SOURCE). In some instances, children tend to generalize their fears, subsequently forming a phobia. For example, a young girl who became increasingly cautious of flying insects after an unpleasant encounter with a nest of agitated yellow jackets. After being assaulted by these creatures, she associated all flying bugs with the painful sting of a yellow jacket. Of course, children can also be classically conditioned to display a fearful response; that is, they learn to associate an unconditioned fear-relevant stimulus with a conditioned stimulus, provoking a conditioned, fearful response. One of the most well-known examples of this is an experiment involving a young boy, famously dubbed Little Albert. Little Albert learned to fear small furry animals in a laboratory setting when the presence of these creatures was paired with loud banging noises (SOURCE). From the aforementioned experiments and studies, it is undeniable that external circumstances and experiences assist in the configuration of fear in
Watson and Rayner were interested in finding out about human responses and emotional reactions, based on conditioned responses. With the main hypothesis explai...
Charlie?s experiment was temporary, and overtime his IQ regressed. Algernon, a mouse that went through the same surgery as Charlie, died. If Charlie?s hypothesis proves correct, then he will die as well. Charlie?s life was better before the experiment because he was not exposed to the risks and consequences of the surgery. Without the experiment, Charlie would still be living his ignorant but happy life.
Looking at a story, the key word, story, we looked at the little albert study. Albert B, or Little albert was a boy who back in 1920, that was studied by a behaviorist John Watson. It was study in which a loud noise, like a loud bang on a bar, happened behind Little Albert, when he was given some type of small furry object or other objects. Watson showed that the research went very well, when in reality, that may not have been the case, and the identity of Little Albert is not fully known.
Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimuli took on the ability to stimulate a conditioned response in an individual (Gormezano & Moore, 1966). To prove that environment was more impactful than genetics, Watson conducted an experiment on an infant, little Albert. Initially, Albert showed little fear towards rats. When Watson repeatedly exposed Albert to the rat accompanied by a loud noise, the latter began to develop fear towards not just the rat but also other furry animals. Watson successfully showed that the acquisition of a phobia can be explained by classical conditioning (Watson & Watson, 1921). Regardless of their genes, the associations of the right stimuli can result in the development of a new behaviour in any individual.
The procedure, known as the ‘Strange Situation’, was conducted by observing the behavior of the infant in a series of eight episodes lasting approximately 3 minutes each:
The Little Albert experiment has become a widely known case study that is continuously discussed by a large number of psychology professionals. In 1920, behaviorist John Watson and his assistant Rosalie Rayner began to conduct one of the first experiments done with a child. Stability played a major factor in choosing Albert for this case study, as Watson wanted to ensure that they would do as little harm as possible during the experiment. Watson’s method of choice for this experiment was to use principles of classic conditioning to create a stimulus in children that would result in fear. Since Watson wanted to condition Albert, a variety of objects were used that would otherwise not scare him. These objects included a white rat, blocks, a rabbit, a dog, a fur coat, wool, and a Santa Claus mask. Albert’s conditioning began with a series of emotional tests that became part of a routine in which Watson and Rayner were determining whether other stimuli’s could cause fear.
Jhon B Watson, a behaviorist, conducted an experiment inspired by the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov to determinate the classical condition in humans. Little Albert experiment was conducted in a 9 month old baby whom a rat is showed to see his r...