Research of Food
Sample : Saltwater fish (Tuna)
INTRODUCTION
The availability of saltwater fish products in the market was depend on the coastal fishing vessels operation. One species that is widely consumed around the globe is Tuna (Thunnus sp.). Tuna is widely available both in Pasific and Atlantic ocean. The nutritional content of tuna, both bluefin tuna and yellowfin tuna according to the USDA National Nutrient Database can be seen in Table 1 (1). Fish nutritional composition is varied between species. It is likely the variety of nutritional composition were based on gender, age, season, water temperature, type, and abundance of available food (2). Recent fisheries study indicated that fishing method can impact the freshness of cod flesh (3). Those fishing methods including haul size, haul duration, and direct gutting before storage period. Olsen et al. (2013) also concluded that the fishing method will affect the muscle pH, blood pH, glucose and lactase concentration during rigor period (3). It is likely those factors also responsible for the number of microflora in saltwater fish flesh.
Table 1. Nutritional content of Tuna (raw)
Nutrient Bluefin Tuna Yellowfin Tuna
Value per 100 g
Water 68.09 74.03
Protein 23.33 24.4
Total Lipid 4.9 0.49
Carbohydrate by difference 0 0
Source:http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4580 & http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/4587
Majority of saltwater fish are well known as healthy diet since they are considered good source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid. One example of omega-6 fatty acid is linoleic acid, while omega-3 consist of linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (19). Based on study, cod contain 300 mg/100 g concentrated of EPA and...
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...ological content of Tuna significantly since the limited amount of oxygen in fish flesh will disturb the live of aerobic microorganism. Recent publication by Pivarnik et al. (2011) asserted the important treatment of filtered smoke using 16% of CO on Tuna steak. Although, the statistical analysis showed that there is no evidence that the microbial, chemical and sensory quality of untreated tuna with filter-smoked tuna is significantly different. The filter smoke treatment can enhance the color of Tuna and it will impacts the consumer buying perception. MPN content indicated 4 MPN/g and the result from EMB agar confirmed that it does not contain fecal coliform but other enterobacteriacea. It is probably because tuna lives in pelagic habitat of the ocean which is far away from a shore. It is considered free from fecal coliform which can be microflora of river water.
Over the years, as the world has evolved, fishing methods were improved as well, and, especially from the 20th century, several changes had forced the way the fishery was done in North Atlantic. As world population was increasing quickly, the cod demand has grown tremendously. New technologies were introduced and thus catch rates of northern cod began to exceed the hazardous limits of the stock’s ability to rebuild. This fact summed with another that will be shown below led to the cod collapse in the Atlantic Canada by the 90’s.
The purpose of this report is to explore the controversial dispute between the quality of two different forms of fish oil supplementation; Triglyceride (TG) and Ethyl Ester (EE). Fish oil can be implemented into a diet by eating either fish or taking supplements. Fish oil is extracted from selected fish that contain highly beneficial healthy oils known as omega-3 fatty acids, two of the most important omega-3 fatty acids that are found in fish oil are Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). Some of these fish that contain healthy omega-3 fatty acids include Tuna, Salmon, Mackerel, Herring, Anchovy’s etc. Fish oil supplementation also often contains small amounts of vitamin E to prevent spoilage and is can be combined with various other minerals and vitamins. There is an array of benefits that are involved when implementing fish oil into a diet; although it’s most common association is that it has been linked to slightly lowering blood pressure or triglyceride levels (fats linked to cholesterol). Although fish oil is recommended for persons with high blood pressure, it’s extremely important to remember that it is only to be taken at recommended dosages as it can ironically increase the chances of stroke when overdosing on the supplement. The scope of this report includes a general comparison between TG and EE fish oil supplements and how they are chemically differentiated, with a focus on how the quality of the two forms of supplement are processed. This report will not focus on other forms of fish oil sources and the impact it might have on irreversible factors such as age, gender, genetics, race/culture or environmental conditions.
Acknowledgements: Slides of dead fish courtesy of OKDEQ. We would like to thank our students Trevor Nance Jr, and Matt Ward for their help in the laboratory sample preparations. We would also like to thank OKDEQ (Chris Armstrong) and EPA Region 6 (Rick McMillin) for their patience.
Guillermo Aragon English 121 Leslie McCutchen October 09, 2015 In the Deep End Since the beginning of filmmaking producers have made documentaries to present an argument, an idea, or to portray a kind of reality. In an attempt to introduce an argument of some kind, the filmmaker’s intent is to engage the audiences and to also appeal to their values and emotions. To do this, producers use a number of rhetorical deceives, such as logo, ethos, and pathos, to help get their audience to believe and think in a certain way. Gabriela Cowperthwaite, director of the 2013 documentary Blackfish, uses these rhetorical techniques throughout the film, which tells the story about Tilikum, an orca whale that killed three professional trainers while in captivity.
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Cholesterol. Fish-based Omega-3s has also proven to inhibit the action of insulin, which directly impacts blood sugar levels which can eventually lead to
Some other types of arthritis that can be remedied by omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil are rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondytlitis. In addition, it can also prevent heart diseases, diabetes and treat depression. They are also highly concentrated on the brain purposely to improve the cognitive function. Most babies who never got enough omega-3 while in their mother’s wombs are characterized by poor eyesight and nerve problems.
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Ronad A. Hites, Jeffery A. Foran, David O. Carpenter, M. Coreen Hamilton, Barbara A. Knuth, Steven J. Schwager (2004) study: Global assessment of organic contaminants in farmed salmon, Science 303:226-229.
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Overfishing is the most major problem related to oceans, but it is also the most overlooked. Fishing has been going on for thousands of years, and fish have always been seen as a renewable resource, that would replenish itself forever for our benefit. But around the world there is evidence that fish are not recove...
...-harvest losses. Fish fermentation is a promising way to reduce post-harvest losses in fishing industry (Ismael, nd). Budu, cincalok and belacan are the example of marine fermented product in Malaysia. However, the production of these products is still limited. Most of the fish fermented industries in Malaysia are still in the small scale and traditional.