Research Critique
Introduction
Ellis et al., (2014) published an article called “American Society of Clinical Oncology Perspective: Raising the Bar for Clinical Trials by Defining Clinically Meaningful Outcomes.” This publication focused on how to improve cancer clinical trials using a better technique than the traditional clinical characteristics and tumor histology. As a result, the authors conducted a thorough literature survey on the subject in order to gain insight on their topic. It is notable that the authors also used a theoretical framework to connect theories and concepts that are relevant to the research topic. This paper reviews Ellis et al., (2014) publication by focusing on the problem statement, study purpose, research question,
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Nonetheless, the technique frequently results in small incremental changes in the overall survival, which is likely to reflect the effects of agents with uncertain efficiency in a subsection of the population that is hard to identify. Furthermore, this technique calls for the use of a large sample size, which increase the costs of conducting clinical trials. However, the use of relevant biomarkers (genomic tests) produces considerable improvements in results because they have quickly transformed patient care for different cancer types. Thus, the authors intended to establish whether the use of relevant biomarkers result in the aforementioned improvement. The inquiry made by Ellis et al., (2014) is significant to the entire human population because it improves the specificity and sensitivity of the results in addition to using a small samples size for clinical …show more content…
The author further asserts that types of studies that could be relevant when conducting literature reviews include randomized control trials, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and meta-analyses. It is also important for researchers to use current references to avoid using outdated studies and ideas. It is notable that Ellis et al., (2014) conducted their literature review using different types of studies. As an evidence of this, the authors used meta-analyses, quantitative studies, qualitative studies, and randomized control trials. It is also notable that the authors restricted their literature survey to current studies. This is supported by the fact that all the references used in the literature survey were published either in 2010 or later than 2010. It follows that all the arguments proposed by the authors are
This systematic review conducted by Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M, (2012) sourced twenty-five trials, and the overall number of people of the collective trials included was 5,942. Interventions were classified and assessed using the following headings.-
Kellermann, A., & Peleg, K. (2013, May 29). The New England journal of medicine. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1305304
Potter, J. E., White, K., Hopkins, K., Amastae, J., & Grossman, D. (2010). Clinic Versus Over-
The literature review is important to find credible, reliable, and relevant sources that fit the research problem. “To achieve its purpose, the literature review may examine issues of theory, methodology, policy, and evaluation that relate to the effectiveness of a policy or intervention” (Krysik & Finn, 2013, p.66). Annotated bibliographies and abstracts also provide information about different sources and this can be helpful for evaluating sources when doing a literature review. “An annotated bibliography includes a summary or evaluation of each of the sources” and when writing one it can help to establish if the sources used are relevant and apply to the research topic that is being investigated. (Stacks, Karper, Bisignani, & Brizee, 2013).
Methods. Literature for this concept analysis was accessed from the TSU online library using CINAHL database, our textbook and literature found on the internet. The Walker and Avant’s (1995) concept analysis method was used to guide this concept analysis.
The aim of the Odinot et al. (2009) study is to determine the accuracy a...
O'Brien, D. (2009). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In R. Mullner (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health services research. (pp. 1017-1021). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy1.ncu.edu/10.4135/9781412971942
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Through the study, the researchers used primary empirical data rather than secondary source or anecdotal information, which is consistent with the recommendations (Coughlan et. al, 2007). Using primary empirical data excludes bias in the interpretation of the work that has been done by other
TM provides feedback to pre-clinical scientists for further studies on an ad-hoc basis. During the final pre-approval stage TM provides insights into the target populations that may have a selectively better outcome and thus creating doors for personalized medicine. Hence the quest of finding new biomarkers is getting a lot of importance in order to stratify patient populations properly and provide a quantitative evidence of the benefits from the interventions. Modern translational medical researchers are even hoping to take the field to single patient level through stem cell technology in the coming
Now within the rest of this paper you will be finding a few different things getting discussed. Staring it off we will be discussing the articles that we have found to make our arguments and hypotheses. After wrapping up the literature reviews we will be discussing the hypotheses thus continuing onto our variables and indicators. Once we discuss our hypotheses we will be moving onto the research design. The research design will have our general issues, sampling, and methods.
The role of statistics in medical research starts at the planning stage of a clinical trial or laboratory experiment to establish the design and size of an experiment that will ensure a good prospect of detecting effects of clinical or scientific interest .Use of statistics in clinical trials allows the clinical researcher to form reasonable and accurate inferences from collected information, and sound decisions in the presence of uncertainty. Statistics are key in preventing errors and biases in medical research, doing this effectively helps identifies new, expected, unexpected and adverse events thus protecting the safety of the human
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction This chapter consists of the introduction part of this dissertation. It will emphasise on the background to the study, a review of the area being researched, current information surrounding the issue, previous studies on the issue, and relevant history on the issue. The significance of the study will also be specified. Here, one will also get to know about the aim and objectives of this research.
This section contains recommendations for future study based on the results of this study. In this section, the researcher summarized the recommendations that resulted from the study. Additionally, information on recommended research methodologies and designs are added based on the findings and results of this study. Recommendations for future research.
After exploring the seventeen studies, the dependent variable, sample size, pretest and posttest mean and standard deviation was provided in a table. To conduct the statistical analysis, the researchers used the continuous means from the meta-analysis data. Although, a different procedure was used to test the treatment results of the experimental and control groups and the effects of the sample size within each group (Mihandoost, 2015). In results, the study showed that there was a difference between the mean score in the experimental and control group. Based on the tables, the posttest means of the experimental groups were lower than the posttest means of the control group in the studies.