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Critique of sigmund freud theory
Key controversies to psychology
Critique of sigmund freud theory
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Repression
In life, human beings experience traumatic events; whether accidents, death or any other trauma, such occurrences harm the person’s psychological well-being. In some cases, people are unable to deal with the aftermath of such occurrences; they thus deals with it by pushing it out of consciousness into the sub-conscious. Instead of dealing with the problem, they ignore it through psychological processes; this research paper focuses on the analysis of the process. It is a process known as repression (Loftus, 1993).
Repression is a very general concept in the field of psychology researched by many scholars through the years. Psychologists and other professionals attempt to understand repression and how it affects the wellbeing of individuals. Repression affects people positively and negatively; studies provide empirical evidence on the extent of repression in dealing with traumatic experiences.
There is a basic understanding of what transpires when repression occurs; when something shocking or traumatic occurs, a person’s mind analyzes and deals with it. When the mind cannot deal with the occurrence, it pushes the memory into sub-consciousness where it cannot access it. In some instances, the repressed memory may emerge into consciousness. Many studies on the concept of repression focus on memories such as; accidents, death of loved ones, and memories of childhood cases of sexual abuse. Many of the subjects unearth memories events that occurred 20, 30 or even forty years ago. Such results raise further questions on the influence of repression on individuals. The questions look into whether repressed memories influence personality and behavior and the reality of the memories.
Sigmund Freud’s theory of repression is a corner...
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...n repression have received both support and criticism; supporters associate with psychoanalysis and see it as a means of understanding human psychology. Critics question the scientific status of the concept. Experiments also do not provide adequate evidence on repression.
Repression remains significant in the field of psychology and a cornerstone in psychoanalysis. Its comprehension is necessary for therapists, counsellors, and other professionals in the field. It helps in understanding patients with cases of repression; they can then be helped in unearthing and coping with the repressed memories. Through coping, they solve problems and gain control. There are still inadequate studies and research on the concept of repression. More research should occur in order to provide information and a better understanding of repression and other related psychological concepts.
Totalitarian rulers often control the thoughts and beliefs of people as well. The citizens of the community are forbidden to question or explore things that are unknown to other citizens. By doing this, the government emphasizes that they know everything and have ...
...en. The society is facing a challenge of whether or not the world should stop mental control or keep it going with the worry that it may take over the world one day. More realistically though, it could turn man into a community of people who is controlled by the government and does not have any emotions and can not figure out anything for themselves.. If the world misuses psychological conditioning enough, it will be a threat to humanity and that is not something that people of this world should think of as something good, because it could potentially ruin all of mankind together.
Repressed vs. false memories has been a critical debate in criminal cases and daily life problems. Throughout the years many people has claimed to recover repressed memories with the simplest triggers varying from a gaze to hypnosis. However, a large number of repressed memories claimed are considered as false memories because the images were induced through hypnosis and recalled during a therapy sesion. In the film “divided memories” the main intention was to inform the audience the importance of repressed memories and how those memories can change the lives of the people involved, whether the memory was considered repressed or false. It shows different cases of women being victims of sexual abuse in childhood and how they had those memories repressed. Additionally, the film
This paper focuses on the Geraldine case (Dominguez, Tefera, Aronson, & NCTSN, 2012). Geraldine’s trauma occurred in the home when her father shot her mother. This paper will focus on my personal reactions to this case, how my reactions effect interactions with the people I am working with and finally self-care strategies. Personal reactions are the things that make us feel or act a certain way that others may or may not see, but we know that something has affected us these can be to good things and bad alike. I might react to winning the lottery by passing out, just the same I might get depressed if a close friend dies. These are reactions to the situations we are presented in life.
Control is worth wanting. It gives one a sense of superiority over another person. But is the use of fear a reasonable way of obtaining control. The movie Divergent directed by Neil Burger and the novel 1984 written by George Orwell, both depict the extreme persecution methods used by totalitarian governments to control their citizens. The use of brute force and psychological torture on its citizens, helps the governments to stay in power. The fear of losing their lives in constantly on the minds of the people who live under the control of these oppressive governments. Immorality is out of the question, the governments do what is necessary for power. Anyone who wanders away from the path the government has chosen for them is subject to dangerous persecution. These persecution methods are also used by
Those who are in favor of retrieved memories state that these memories can be repressed and remain unattainable for years until an individual seeks therapy, where these memories can often be uncovered and trauma related to them can be treated (Freyd, 1994). On the other hand, some individuals have expressed concerns with the concept of repressed memories since, according to them, there is little scientific evidence that can support the theory (Patihis, Ho, Tingen, Lilienfeld & Loftus, 2014). In other words, cases where individuals experience traumatic events but often lack memories of these, often do not provide sufficient reliable evidence to make credible arguments. Memory research offers further insight into the controversial topic of “memory wars” by explaining if the notion of repressing memories and placing them into the unconscious is a feasible hypothesis. Furthermore, research presented in this brief will discuss the reliability and usefulness of using recovered memories as evidence in a court cases. Due to the controversial nature of recovered memories in judicial courts and scientific communities, it is important to consider research in the area to determine truthfulness in allegations involving recovered memories, as these have previously posed
Repressed memories is a topic that has been an ongoing dispute among some, however ac...
Coined by theorist Sigmund Freud, the psychodymanic approach to therapy revolves around the interaction between the conscious and the unconscious. It is believed that the mind is made up for three entities; the Id, Ego,& Superego. The id is known for its pleasure seeking drive and impulsiveness. Often referred to as the “devil on your shoulder” the id exhibits very little self control and is often linked with the unconscious mind. Driven by sex, violence, and impulsivity, the id has been known to encourage risky behavior that normally would not occur. If the id were dominant, a person would behave in a devious, and socially unacceptable manner. Contrary to the id, the superego acts as the “angel on ones shoulder”. As stated in Day,2008, “when the superego is in charge, we are perfectionistic and uptight and demand too much of ourselves.” The superego acts as the conscience by reflecting social standards learned through observation. When the superego is allowed to take control, it sets such high expectations and demands, that is is too difficult to reach such high standards. The only way to stop the pendulum of the psyche from swinging to either extreme is the presence of the ego. The ego is the mediator between the superego and the id, providing moral reasoning and the principal of reality. The reality principle acknowledge that one must not act out id impulses, but also realizes that one cannot live up to the demands of the superego (Day, 2008). The ego helps moderate between these two extremes with the use of defense mechanisms.
Social restriction robs individuals of their creative personalities by preventing freedom of thought, behavior, and expression; but is vital to the World State for maintaining complete control over the society. Social restriction’s purpose is to enforce obedience conformity and compliance out of people. The World State achieves this through two methods; hypnopaedia and shock therapy. Hypnopaedia is sleep-teaching where morals are taught on on repeat during the infant years of children while they are asleep, these messages become permanently embedded in their mind and become their permanent, new, artificial personality. This is proven in the quote “... drops of liquid sealing wax, drops that adhere, incrust and inc...
Unfortunately, there really are no examples of repression in politicians available to the public. As discussed in Neel Burton’s book, repression is the subconscious forgetting of undesirable memories. The resulting exhibits of repression can be “...a range of psychological problems such as difficulty concentrating, irritability, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, and depression...” (Burton, 18). Those things can also be caused by many other psychological problems making it hard to tell if any given person exhibiting those things actually represses some memories. It can be even harder to tell while looking at politicians because they are always attempting to hide things like depression and anxiety from the public. Even if one could pick out which politicians were suffering from things like depression and anxiety, they would then have to find out what caused the repression to occur in the first place, like sexual or physical abuse, in order to determine if that is the cause of repression. At that point, if there is some kind of abuse, it would be highly unlikely that the public would know about those events while the politician has forgotten and is completely unaware of them due to repression. Therefore it is nearly impossible to find credible examples of repression among
Ross, following Hilgard, argues that there appear to be two ways for the ego to escape the memories of the abuse: repression or dissociation. He refers to a horizontal split as a way to divide consciousness by the pushing of painful memories below the level of consciousness. The other strategy is to divide consciousness by creating vertical splits between the segments which are separated by amnesic barriers” (Foui, Unit 9, 2014 p.
Kowalski, M.(1998, December). Applying the "two schools of thought" doctrine to the repressed memory controversy. The Journal of Legal Medicine. Retrieved September 14, 2000 from Lexis-Nexis database (Academic Universe) on the World Wide Web: http://www.lexis-nexis.com/universe
In “The Neuro-Psychoses of Defense”, Freud introduces his study of defense mechanisms. Freud defines a defense mechanism in psychoanalysis as a “defensive mechanism developed by the ego under pressure of the superego and external reality that allows us to fight anxiety”. Some examples of Freudian defenses that are still accepted today include repression, denial, projection, displacement, and regression. Anna Freud and other psychologist’s elaborated on the concept. Defense mechanisms are an essential component in modern clinical psychology, as “no mental status or clinical formulation should be considered complete without an effort to identify a patient’s dominant defense mechanism” (3). Defense mechanisms are today grouped into Narcissistic, Anxiety, Immature, and Mature. The use of Narcissistic, Anxiety and Immature defense mechanisms are considered less healthy than Mature defenses and are often used by emotionally unstable individuals in order to cope with stress. Mature defenses ‘result in optimal
Sigmund Freud known to be the father of Psychoanalysis , contributed a large deal of this research on the construct of the unconscious mind. Freud valued the effect that the id, ego and superego had on a pe...
“Repression”, as it suggests, is an unconscious mechanism that comes into use by the ego to keep harmful and threatening thoughts from become unconscious (Freud). “Denial” involves blocking external events from awareness e.g. the popular phrase “Ignorance is bliss”. “Displacement” is a mechanism that satisfies an impulse with a substitute object (For example, boxing, to lessen your frustration) and “Sublimation” is another mechanism that does the same as “Displacement” but in a socially acceptable way (Freud) ; for example, Charlie writes to a “friend” to not feel frustrated and alone with his malicious, monstrous thoughts. There are instances of the mechanism of “Displacement” as well, when Charlie hits Sean in the beginning of the novel and keeps saying that he could have hurt him worse than he has.