Representative bureaucracy can be of two forms, and these are passive and active representation. Passive representation occurs when an organization includes individuals from specified groups, such as racial or ethnic minorities and women, within its ranks. A bureaucracy’s passive representation is related to the extent that it employs minorities and women in numbers proportionate to their shares of the population, or at least proportionate to those parts of the population with qualifications requisite for employment. Active representation is when a bureaucrat advocates for the interests and desires of those whom he is presumed to represent- his constituents interest- often by eliminating discriminatory barriers. It implies that bureaucrats …show more content…
Also an increase in passive representation for female math teachers and for female teachers in general correlates with educational benefits for girls. The benefits of diversity go beyond providing equal opportunity to individuals (e.g. its not just providing benefits to female teachers, it’s also providing benefits to female students). Again increasing the gender diversity of bureaucratic organizations has implications for female clients of the bureaucracy, and that in schools with more female administrators, female teachers were associated with higher ACT, SAT and advanced placement rates for girls. Lastly their research establish representative process also worked better for girls in less hierarchical organizations.
They concluded by stating among others the need to explore fully whether passive representation leads to active representation for women in the bureaucracy, researchers must examine a variety of hoping that their analysis will provide
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Meier Texas Jill Nicholson-Crotty used the theory of representative bureaucracy, in investigating the relationship between women police officers and sexual assault reports and arrests. They sort to establish what impacts reporting sexual assaults and what impacts making arrests for sexual assaults. Prior to their work, qualitative evidence indicates that some law enforcement agencies still deny the seriousness of rape. Also victims of rape are asked to explain why they did not resist their attack and are subjected to complicity. Police responses to rape clearly vary among departments and genders of
Sadker, Myra, David Sadker, and Susan Klein. "The Issue of Gender in Elementary and Secondary Education." Review of Research in Education 17 (1991): 269. JSTOR. Web. 14 Mar. 2012.
Often, when the discussion of American bureaucracy is broached in conversation, those holding these conversations often think of the many men and women who operate behind the scenes within the government. This same cross section of Americans is looked upon as the real power within the federal government and unlike the other branches of government, has little to no oversight. A search of EBSCO resulted in the following definition, an organization “structure with a rigid hierarchy of personnel, regulated by set rules and procedures” (Bureaucracy, 2007). Max Weber believed that a bureaucracy was technically the most efficient form of organization, one structured around official functions that are bound by rules, each function having its own specified competence (2007). This wide ranging group of Americans has operated within the gaps, behind the scenes, all under the three core branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The division of government into three branches and separate powers gives each branch both exclusive powers and some additional power...
In return, bureaucracy effects legislature by reaping benefits for them, and bureaucracy effects interest groups by performing friendly regulations and favors for them. Lastly, interest groups effect legislature by providing them with voter support, and interest groups effect bureaucracy by lobbying for them and providing them with jobs. In the example of racial profiling of the woman of Jewish and Arab descent, members from interest groups such as, The Economist, questioned both legislature and bureaucracy for the racial profiling against this innocent woman. They questioned members of the bureaucracy, for the flight attendants who started the initial suspicion and the federal agents who jerked her off of her flight and through her in a cell were both part of the bureaucracy. The Economist questioned the legislature for funding such abuse.
Women have been oppressed solely due to their sex. This is noticeable in the education system where females are treated differently than males. Although we have improved drastically in the last few years in recognizing that women deserve the same privileges as men do, there are still many obstacles to overcome. Weber (2010) gives an example of this through a person experience of hers. She had noticed that even though more girls enroll in school, quality in education is still compromised.
Congress and the Bureaucracy has a special relationship of checks and balances. There are methods set up by the constitution that allow Congress to influence the bureaucracy. In doing so, Congress is often able to hold a considerable amount of control over the bureaucracy.
Modern Bureaucracy in the United States serves to administer, gather information, conduct investigations, regulate, and license. Once set up, a bureaucracy is inherently conservative. The reason the bureaucracy was initiated may not continue to exist as a need in the future. The need or reason may change with a change in the times and the culture needs. A bureaucracy tends to make decisions that protect it and further it’s own existence, possibly apart from the wishes of the populace. It may not consistently reflect what might be optimal in terms of the needs and wants of the people. Local governments employ most of the United States civil servants. The 14 cabinet departments in the U.S. are run day-to-day by career civil servants, which have a great deal of discretionary authority.
The Federal Bureaucracy is comprised of nearly every department, committee, and agency that makes up the Federal Government. The function of the bureaucracy is to implement laws and policies, define the rules and regulations of how a law works, and institute examinations, permits and licenses. Congress makes the laws and policies in a broad manner and the bureaucrats flesh out the details and minutia of the intent of that law’s maker. The bureaucrats of the specific department etc. may be appointed officials, civil service employees or other federal employees. The persons are typically specialized in a specific field that relates to the committee’s duties and responsibilities and possess more knowledge than the lawmakers, which allows policies
This issue is of extreme importance due to the fact that the basis of this country is to have a government for the people, by the people and of the people yet there is still inequality in politics. The American political system must ensure that all people have a voice because if not, then the goals and agendas of a certain group can be prevailed over another. If the government is designed to represent all people and there's a lack of minority female politicians, how effective is the American government in reference to representation? Can the needs of minority women be successfully met without adequate representation in politics? The representation of minorities is important, now more than ever. The purpose in this research is to investigate how the lack of minority female politicians affects the American people.
The gender diversity is a serious problem in most STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) industry. In our company, iNova, there is a serious lack of gender diversity that we only have 24 percent female in the workplace.
Though the bureaucracy began simply, with George Washington’s creation of the Department of Foreign Affairs, over the last 226 years, its size and power have increased exponentially. From homeland security to the delivery of mail, this “fourth branch of government” possesses a wide scope of responsibilities. However, the necessity for such a structure often comes into question. According to Max Weber, who believed that “the bureaucracy was likely to acquire an ‘overpowering’ power position, the bureaucracy is an “inevitable consequence” of modern day life (“The Rise of the Bureaucratic State”, Wilson). A specialized bureaucracy provides valuable expertise, an asset which the Founders did not take for granted, as they had suffered a committee
This essay will discuss the mainstream and critical perspectives of bureaucracy and post-bureaucracy. It will begin by examining the characteristics of bureaucracy and then compare the mainstream and the critical views. Post-bureaucracy will then be discussed using the same structure.
Gender Diversity has been considered a key issue in the Corporate Governance and the details about how the organizations have worked on improving the women’s representation in the Boardroom composition has also been discussed. Several examples have been given about the board room composition of various companies and the number of female professionals in it.
During this unit, we had an opportunity to get an in depth dept look at the government that protects us. We really start to understand how the Legislative and Executive branch correlate with one another and how the Judicial government checks on the each branch, including itself, so no branch gets too powerful. A Bicameral translates to “having two parts”. So in a Bicameral Legislature, there are two parts to the Legislative branch.
One of the main issues today 's students face is the act of being given gender roles and experiencing gender bias. To further explain, "Society treats boys and girls differently and expects them to develop different gender-role identities" (87). Throughout the gender section of the book, there are several examples given on how boys and girls are divided and given gender specific roles. For instance, girls are told that “Women aren’t good at math” and boys are told “Men don’t make good nurses” (87). These stereotypes affect the thinking of the students and later become obstacles when deciding careers. One way I would promote gender equality as a teacher is by completely eliminating the use of stereotypes in my classroom. This change will be accomplished by doing group activities and assignments in the classroom which avoid gender bias. It is important for students to have an equal opportunity to achieve their goals and follow their dreams. Sadly, when we expose our students to specific tasks and activities with respect to their gender, we limit their chances of having an optimistic approach towards their higher education and
...appy. With the difference in gender, both a male and female teachers' exposure to society's youth is critical, and male teachers are just as important as females in the educational field.