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Archetype shadow in literature
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Reflections of Knights and their Archetypal Damsels in The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights
In The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights, there are many different relationships between knights and their damsels. The damsels, in some ways, reflect in different ways throughout the knights. Some example of knights and their damsels are Merlin and Nyneve, Ewain and Lyne, and Sir Accolon and Morgan Le Fay.
Nyneve is a character which reflects Merlin throughout the story. Merlin was a marvelous magician who longed to love and to be loved by Nyneve. Nyneve is a well rounded character in this story. She reflects Merlin's weaknesses by him teaching her his magic, when he knew that it would result in his downfall. Merlin states:
Even I, who know beyond doubt that my death will be caused by a silly girl, will not hesitate when that girl passes by. (96)
She uses his love for her as an advantage in getting his magic. However, she also reflects his strength and wisdom by taking his magic and also taking on the responsibilities of watching over the king.
Ewain choose Lyne to be his damsel while questing in the Forest of Arroy. Ewain was the youngest out of the knights, therefore, less experienced and not as strong as the other knights made a wise decision in choosing Lyne. He figured that she would reflect her wisdom on him, since she had seen more and could teach him more. She trained him
tediously and taught him to be a wise fighter and how to capitalize on his opponents' mistakes. Lyne's teachings were reflected in the way he fought against his opponents. For example, when he fights against Sir Gogh and Sir Edward, he defeats them by using wisdom and his opponents' weaknesses. Lyne was very proud of her knight, because he
had become a noble and honored knight.
Sir Accolon and Morgan Le Fay relate to each other merely by enchantment and evil. Morgan Le Fay was King Arthur's extremely, jealous sister who wanted Sir Accolon to help her commit treason on King Arthur. She was cruel and cold-hearted towards King Arthur, and Accolon also reflected this while in deep enchantment. Their relationship was based on treason and adultery, but they believed that they were in love with each other.
After killing the knight who defeated Calgrenant, Yvain marries his wife takes over the land; which are responsibilities he is not ready for. Soon after his victory the knights of King Arthur's court come to challenge The Lord of the land, unbeknown to them it is now Yvain. Yvain quickly defeats Sir Kay and then reveals himself. He has now gained the approval and recognition by his peers that he so despe...
The evolution of human society consists mainly of ineffective ruling regimes and oppressed peasants. Medieval Europe falls into this same pervasive cycle. Social and political hierarchies intertwine which creates a grossly inefficient system. Hereditary lineage determines nobility. Commoners possess no hope of social mobility. Every aspect of life is virtually preordained. These circumstances revolve around the figure Lanval by Mari de France. Mari de France introduces Lanval as a courteous and distinguished knight of King Arthur’s court. Lanval possesses the most moral nature of all of King Arthur’s knights, yet even so, the other knights of King Arthur’s round table despise him. The many knights neglect acknowledgment of his nature as does
The figure of Gawain throughout Arthurian literature is an interesting one; he appears in more texts as a secondary character than any other knight named, and often gains glory even at the expense of the main hero (Busby 1980, 5). The first characteristic which separates him from the other knights is his relationship to Arthur: it is usually stated that he is Arthur's sister's son, a kinship that is found from William of Malmesbury's Gesta Regum Anglorum (c. 1125) and Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136) onward (Busby 1980, 31). However, it is notable that Gawain often seems more like a type than an individual; in Old French literature he is never the subject of a biographical romance, as are most of the other knights, he never has one particular lady's name associated with him, and he is frequently used as a constant against which other knights are judged, the perfect embodiment of good qualities, more a symbol of perfection than an actual person (Busby 1980, 7).
Women were always viewed as weak, dependent, and powerless in the Middle Ages. Not only is it a common view during that time period, but this also is often stereotyped labeled to women today as well. In the romance Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the hatred of women is portrayed throughout. However, while women are certainly looked down upon, they also are influential to the knights. This romance also portrays how a woman having different characteristics, could change the way she was viewed as well. Although women in the Middle Ages appeared to lack power, the women in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have a hidden influence over the men and actually drive the action of the medieval romance.
...’s Lanval and Laustic, were subservient to men in three different ways: by being considered temptresses, by needing men’s protection, and by obeying men’s orders. The lady of Laustic conforms to all these types, and the Queen in Lanval as well, with the exception that as the Queen she has some power. Lanval’s lover breaks some of these trends, but we later learn that she is a lady of Avalon, the mythical land where King Arthur is buried and whence he will come again, and therefore it is not surprising that she does not conform to the standard status of women.
When Gawain shows up at the Green Knight’s chapel, his mere presence provides comfort to his host, who greets him: “Sir so sweet, you honour the trysts you owe.” Perhaps the green gallant had been expecting Gawain, as representative of the crumbling House of Arthur, to be derelict in his duties. Gawain lives up to his good name. Similarly, he resisted the unbearable temptations of Lady Bertilak on numerous occasions, providing a mere kiss, in accordance with the code of chivalry.
Malory, Thomas. King Arthur and His Knights: Selected Tales by Sir Thomas Malory, ed. Eugene Vinaver (London: Oxford UP, 1975) 124-25.
The Arthurian legends of Iwein and Gawain and the Green Knight are two examples of the medieval initiation story: a tale in which a character, usually in puberty or young adulthood, leaves home to seek adventures and, in the process, maturity. Through the course of their adventures, including a meeting with the man of the wilderness, temptations at the hands of women, and a permanent physical or mental wounding, the character grows from adolescent awkwardness and foolishness to the full potential knightly honor. While both Arthurian legends fit this format, the depth of character development, specifically in terms of relationships, is vastly different. Whereas Gawain and the Green Knight does little more with relationships than demonstrate the evils of female temptations, Iwein effectively explores the formation, destruction, and resurrection of numerous male and female relationships.
Lanval’s initial introduction to the reader is one that focuses solely on his emotional and physical isolation from the rest of the Arthurian world as “he was far from his heritage” (27-28) and forgotten by King Arthur upon the king’s lavish distribution of “wives and lands” (17) to his “members of the Round Table” (15). The king’s knights are depicted as a “company with no equal in all the world” (16), a description which excludes Lanval. Consequently, the use of the word “company” in this account of his contemporaries is particularly significant as its multiple definitions a...
As this mythical poem begins readers are quickly introduced to the pinnacle of this “pyramid of power”, the king and queen. King Arthur and his “full beauteous” wife Queen Guinevere were “set in the midst, placed on the rich dais adorned all about” (Neilson 3). During this time, royal monarchs often hosted large illustrious gatherings in order to display their wealth, prestige and power. This display of rank is evident when the all powerful “King Arthur and the other knights watch approvingly as Sir Gawain advances” to take the place of his cherished king and accept the Green Knights challenge (Swanson 1). Randy Schiff further clarifies the difference between kings and knights in medieval times when he states, “ Displaying his mastery of courtly deference, Gawain in “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight” publicly defines himself through kinship, telling Arthur that he is praiseworthy only “for as much” as Arthur is his “em” (uncle)”(1). In the fourteenth century feudal system the top ranking social class position belong to the king and the queen.
In Medieval Times knights are the protectors. The knights fight for, and obey the king. And for that reason Knight’s are in high rankings in the class system, compared to the peasants and merchants. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer, people are going on the pilgrimage to Canterbury for Salvation. The knight is Chaucer’s ideal of a night should be. The knight is a highly principled killer who travels the world and fights for what he believes in with unequivocal bravery and valor.
Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators.
Hermia went against her father and the duke when they both told her she had to marry Demetrius or be sent to a convent or executed, instead she ran away into the woods to elope with Lysander. Lysander stayed with Hermia and ran into the woods, risking being lost and possibly death, for a chance to marry Hermia. In Shakespeare’s 29th sonnet he explains how at times he wishes he had more; more beauty, more possessions, and more power, until he thinks of this girl, after that he feels confident and content with the love and the life he possesses, and he wouldn 't trade places with anyone, including a king. this he also shows is true love, undoubting, positive and forever supporting. The risk of a fallacious love for a chance of true love, is often considered worth it, however as humans we are surrounded by love but more often than not, its platonic instead of
In the Medieval Period, knights dedicated their lives to following the code of chivalry. In Sir Thomas Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur, a number of characters performed chivalrous acts to achieve the status of an ideal knight. Their characteristics of respect for women and courtesy for all, helpfulness to the weak, honor, and skill in battle made the characters King Arthur, King Pellinore, and Sir Gryfflette examples of a what knights strove to be like in Medieval society. Because of the examples ofchivalry, Le Morte d’Arthur showed what a knight desired to be, so he could improve theworld in which he lived.
The Arthurian Legend, an amazing composition of multiple fantasies, love stories and battles. But what does it all lead to? Some die, but some live with complete happiness. In the legend there are too many instances of cruelty and betrayal, but we must look on the bright side, we must look at all of the great endings. In the legend there are so many instances that end in love, happiness, and a loyal relationship. Many such as Gwaine, Uther, and Arthur are great examples of the “ Happily Ever After “ of the Arthurian Legend.