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Before Economics 210, I really had no understanding or a slight background in how the economy works and how it fails. One of the major fails being the housing market crash leading to the 2008 – 09 recession. I had heard a great deal about how it was “bad,” along with how many people lost their jobs, but no one ever really went into depth of why it was bad, and maybe I guess I never had the curiosity or interest to ask until recently. Throughout this class, we’ve spoken about things from the first chapter to the 22nd chapter that all explain a little bit about the financial crisis. Now that it’s the end of class, we’re able to put everything together into one to understand the financial crisis at full, from the opportunity cost in in chapter one, to the aggregate demand curve in chapter 22, everything has been adding up. The reason for the housing market to crash wasn’t solely based on one error of one person or a corporation. Everyone involved in the housing market had a little to large impact on the financial crisis. In my head, I think people saw that the market was doing well and wanted to keep the flow of money ongoing. The rating agencies, I believe, play a very large part as they were putting AAA ratings on subprime mortgage loans. They were knowingly giving these mortgages the best ratings so that …show more content…
With that being said, Congress passed Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank for short). The Dodd-Frank is to promote the financial stability of the United States by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system, to end "too big to fail", to protect the American taxpayer by ending bailouts, to protect consumers from abusive financial services practices, and for other purposes
Consequently, the provisions to separate commercial banking from securities and investment firms were regarded as a way to diminish the risk associated with providing such deposit insurance. Although some historians argue that the depression itself is what caused the collapse of the banking system, in 1933 the general consensus was that banks had provoked the failure by engaging in shady and abusive practices with depositor’s money. Congressional hearings conducted in early 1933 seemed to indicate that bankers and brokers were guilty of “disreputable and seemingly dishonest dealings, and gross misuses of the public's trust” (“Understanding How”, 1998). The Glass Steagall act was the main legislative response of President Roosevelt’s administration to the unprecedented financial turmoil that was facing the nation in the middle of a deep depression. It was intended to regulate and stabilize the banking industry, reduce risk, and provide consumers with confidence in the financial
Just as the great depression, a booming economy had been experienced before the global financial crisis. The economy was growing at a faster rtae bwteen 2001 and 2007 than in any other period in the last 30 years (wade 2008 p23). An vast amount of subprime mortgages were the backbone to the financial collapse, among several other underlying issues. As with the great depression, there would be a number of factors that caused such a devastating economic
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 is considered by many economists the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. This crisis resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments, and downturns in stock markets around the world. The crisis led to a series of events including: the 2008–2012 global recessions and the European sovereign-debt crisis. The reasons of this financial crisis are argued by economists. The performance of the Federal Reserve becomes a focal point in this argument.
The shares values had fallen and this left people panicking. Many businesses closed and several of the banks did not last because of the businesses collapsing. Many people lost their jobs because of this factor. Congress passed Roosevelt’s Emergency Banking Act, which helped reorganize the banks and closed the ones that were insolvent. Then three days later he urged Americans to put their savings back in their banks and by the end of the month basically three quarters of them reopened. Many people refer to the Banking Act as the Glass Steagall Act that ended up prohibiting commercial banks from engaging in the investment business and created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The purpose of this was to get rid of the speculations in securities making banking safer than before. The demand for goods were declining, so the value of the money was
“The housing market will get worse before it gets better” –James Wilson. The collapse of the United States housing market in in 2008 was one of the most devastating moments for the world economy. The United Sates being arguably the most important and powerful nation in the world really brought everyone down with this event. Canada was very lucky, thanks to good planning and proper preventatives to avoid what happened to the United States. There were many precursor events that occurred that showed a distinct path that led to the collapse of the housing market. People were buying house way out of their range because of low interest rates, the banks seemingly easily giving out massive loans and banks betting against the housing market. There were
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act brought the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the reform that followed the Great Depression. It made changes in the American financial regulatory environment that affect all federal financial regulatory agencies and almost every part of the nation’s financial services industry. Like Glass-Steagall, the legislation passed after the Great Depression, it sought to regulate the financial markets and make another economic crisis less likely. Banks were deregulated in 1999 by the Gramm-Leach-Biley Act, which repealed the Glass-Steagall Act and essentially allowed for the excessive risk taken on by banks that caused the most recent financial crisis. The Financial Stability Oversight Council was established through the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and was created to address the systemic risks in the United States financial system and to improve coordination among financial regulators.
It can be argued that the economic hardships of the great recession began when interest rates were lowered by the Federal Reserve. This caused a bubble in the housing market. Housing prices plummeted, home prices plummeted, then thousands of borrowers could no longer afford to pay on their loans (Koba, 2011). The bubble forced banks to give out homes loans with unreasonably high risk rates. The response of the banks caused a decline in the amount of houses purchased and “a crisis involving mortgage loans and the financial securities built on them” (McConnell, 2012 p.479). The effect on the economy was catastrophic and caused a “pandemic” of foreclosures that effected tens of thousands home owners across the U.S. (Scaliger, 2013). The debt burden eventually became unsustainable and the U.S. crisis deepened as the long-term effect on bank loans would affect not only the housing market, but also the job market.
As a second language learner I have never expected myself to be a perfect writer throughout the semester. Even If English was my first language still, I would not be a perfect writer. It is not about first or second language, it is about how well I understand the learning objectives. Then organizing and writing with my own ideas and putting them in my paper. I am going to be honest, I am not good at English subject and English subject is my strongest weakness than the other subjects. In this paper I will discuss and analyze my own writing, reflecting on the ways that my writing has improved throughout the semester.
During 2008, America suffered one of the worst financial crises since the Great Depression. The first indication that the economy was in danger was when the housing prices started to decline in 2006. Initially, it wasn’t seen as a threat. Realtors felt that the overheated market would safely return to a sustainable level. What they didn’t realize was that there was a dangerously high number of homeowners with questionable credit ratings who had loans for 100% and sometimes more of their home’s value. Banks resold these mortgages as part of mortgage-backed securities. It was originally thought that the problems with subprime mortgages would remain
(Murphy, 2008) The US banking sector was first hit with a crisis amongst liquidity and declining world stock markets as well. The subprime mortgage crisis was characterized by a decrease within the housing market due to excessive individuals and corporate debt along with risky lending and borrowing practices. Over time, the market apparently began displaying more weaknesses as the global financial system was being affected. With this being said, this brings into question who is actually to blame for this financial fiasco.
Keeping in mind that the main reason for the mortgage crisis is the high number of defaulted home loans, which triggered foreclosures and sell offs. The other four contributing factors include high-risk loans, the bust in the housing market, mortgage fraud, and speculation. High-risk loans are loans that are over leveraged, where the financing is done more than the suggested values to be given. (Greenspan) This can result in immediate sell off when the property falls below that loan amount and to avoid further loss the banks start raising the installment. The housing market has seen pressure as a result of the over pressure on most homeowners by increasing rates. This affects people ability to make the payments, resulting in defaults. This is the problem with the burst in the housing market. The third major factor that is causing the mortgage crisis is, mortgage fraud.
During the 1920s, approximately 20 million Americans took advantage of post-war prosperity by purchasing shares of stock in various securities exchanges. When the stock market crashed in 1929, the fortunes of many investors were lost. In addition, banks lost great sums of money in the Crash because they had invested heavily in the markets. When people feared their banks might not be able to pay back the money that depositors had in their accounts, a “run” on the banking system caused many bank failures. After the crash, public confidence in the market and the economy fell sharply. In response, Congress held hearings to identify the problems and look for solutions; the answer was found in the new SEC. The Commission was established in 1934 to enforce new securities laws that were passed with the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The two new laws stated that “Companies publicly offering securities must tell the public the truth about their businesses, the securities they are selling and the risks involved in the investing.” Secondly, “People who sell and trade securities must treat investors fairly and honestly, putting investors’ interests first.”2
During this era, mortgage companies granted loans to almost anyone. They never took the time to look at FICO scores or credit ratings (Sebastian, 2008). They completely ignored poor credit histories of consumers. Marginal borrowers should never have been the recipients of high-risk sub-prime loans, anyway. This is an extremely important point, which often does not receive a lot of fair importance (Sebastian, 2008). Borrowers who did not qualify for a prime mortgage should never have been offered a sub-prime mortgage, which they eventually had trouble making payments when the interest rates went sky-high during an unstable market environment (Sebastian, 2008). The majority of the sub-prime mortgages were issued by independent mortgage lenders who are not regulated by the federal government. In essence, they were able to operate and do whatever they wanted to do without the watchful eye of any monetary or regulatory agency. Also, real estate appraisers did not check the credit rating of borrowers, either. Unfortunately, these three circumstances dictated the collapse of the financial markets and the genesis of credit crunch in the United States and soon followed internationally (Sebastian,
My views on whether people are born good, evil, or neutral have not changed. I still believe that there is continuum that ranges from good to evil with neutral in the center. I think most people fall somewhere in the middle of this continuum though there may be some genetic traits that predispose them one way or the other slightly. For most people what causes us to fall into either the good or evil ranges are specific moments in time and the actions or behaviors we choose. Most people are neither fully good nor fully evil, but in a given situation can be either. However, I believe that good or evil actions can be reinforced for individuals, making the person more likely to act or behave in a similar manner again even if it is against the individual’s core beliefs about himself or herself.
The clock reads 5:15 p.m. as I walk out the Ruston residence hall doors. I head towards the David L. Rice library, which is about a ten-minute walk from my dorm. As the sliding doors open, the strong aroma of coffee fills the air. I walk past the line at Starbucks and descend down the first flight of stairs. I turn left down the second hallway and enter room 0021. The pale, cream walls and clean whiteboard make the room appear brighter than it really is. Lovely, smiling faces welcome me as I sit down at the desk closest to the door. The clock now reads 5:30 p.m. It’s time to rebuild my faith and connect on a personal level with my fellow small group members.