Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Scholars on qualitative research methods
Qualitative research methodology
Qualitative research
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Scholars on qualitative research methods
Field Notes, according to Schwandt (2015), alludes to notes made by the researcher amid the demonstration of qualitative fieldwork to recall and record the practices, exercises, occasions, and different elements of an observation. Field notes are expected to be perused by the researcher as proof to deliver meaning and a comprehension of the culture, social circumstance, or phenomenon being concentrated on. The notes may constitute the entire information gathered for an exploration study or add to it, for example, when field notes supplement ordinary meeting information. For the purpose of this paper, I am participant as observer illustrating that I am an active member of the group and observes with the fact that everyone in the group is aware that they are being observed. …show more content…
Whenever a student breaks a rule or policy, in-school suspension can be assigned as a means of punishment but the students will be allowed to stay in school. Because of the negative results of out-of-school suspension (OSS), for example, student estrangement and diminished scholarly accomplishment, and the disgrace connected to the school 's report card, administrators progressively depend on in-school suspension (ISS) programs as a teaching measure for failing to meet expectations students with behavior problems (Devlin, 2006). In-school suspension is an isolated area where the students sit and do written work all day long. These students receive credit for this work because they are actually in school as opposed to home suspension where they receive zeros for the work because they are not in school. In in-school suspension, there is no socialization between the students in the in-school suspension center or with the regular student body. From 8:30 a.m. – 3:30 p.m., these students receive a bathroom break in the morning around 9:30 a.m., they are escorted to lunch around 11:30 a.m. and they receive another bathroom break at 1:30
Martinez, S. (2009). A system gone berserk: How are zero-tolerance policies really …..affecting schools? Preventing School Failure, 53(3), 153-157. Retrieved from …..http://search.proquest.com.ezproxylocal.library.nova.edu/docview/228530113?acco…..untid=6579
A new policy is needed and most certainly should start out with holding schools to handle their own discipline situations, rather than relying on school security and police (Wilson, 2014). School administrators must be able to differentiate between what is a true discipline situation and when a student simply made a mistake. The rate of school suspensions have skyrocketed over the last thirty years from 1.7 million nationwide to 3.1 million and growing today (ACLU, n.d.). Each school needs to create policies of when to get school security involved and what the school’s security job involves. Unless there is a true threat to the safety of the school and/or its student’s law enforcement should never be called (Wison, 2014). The instinct to dial 911 at every infraction has to stop. Furthermore the schools must develop a gender and racial fairness; black children should not be receiving harsher punishments for similar infractions of white students (Wilson,
The intent of this argumentative research paper, is to take a close look at school systems disciplinary policies and the effect they have on students. While most school systems in the nation have adopted the zero tolerance policies, there are major concerns that specific students could be targeted, and introduced into the criminal justice system based on these disciplinary policies. This research paper is intended to focus on the reform of zero tolerance policies, and minimizing the school to prison pipeline.
Schools inevitably must deal with disciplinary action when it comes to misconduct in students. However, at what point should the courts and law enforcement intervene? “Zero tolerance” policies started as a trend in the school setting during the 1990s in “response to the widespread perception that juvenile violence was increasing and school officials needed to take desperate measures to address the problem” (Aull 2012:182-183). However, national statistics indicated a decrease in juvenile’s share of crime during the influx of zero tolerance policies in schools (National Crime Justice Reference Service 2005).
This report will review and explore the various uses of the zero tolerance plan and its applications throughout schools in American society. There will be a study on the effectiveness of zero tolerance, an outline of the pros and cons of its usage, an evaluation of a case scenario as it pertains to the utilization of this policy, and a plan of action in formulating a sound disposition. The stakeholders’ perception will be reviewed and how they are impacted in these decisions will be demonstrated. The detailing of the pros and cons of a desired plan of action in response to the situation and the examination of the effectiveness of a zero tolerance policy, will allow for an investigation into the possible outcomes of court rulings in regards to the case. It will also allow for a deeper inspection into the research of the moral and ethical implications of an expulsion due to a violation of a zero tolerance policy.
DeWalt, Kathleen M. & DeWalt, Billie R. (2002). Participant observation: a guide for fieldworkers. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
This injustice is commonly referred to as the school-to- prison pipeline. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, “zero tolerance” policies in schools criminalize minor violations of school rules, resulting in resource officers placed in schools lead students to be criminalized for situations that should be handled within the school. Moreover, students of color are three times more likely to be severely punished for their behavior than white students. This discrimination follows the student into young adulthood where they are more likely to be incarcerated. This continuous cycle of entering the prison system and then continuously going in and out of it was discussed in the documentary. Possible solutions that have been discussed to end the school-to-prison pipeline include: police being the last resort in fixing conflict, improving the student to staff ratio, and providing more alternative discipline practices. Recently, more schools are noticing the damaging effects related to taking students out of class for disciplinary reasons and have since came up with alternatives to suspension such as restorative justice, which allows students to resolve conflict through conversations that may include the student, the person the student hurt and their
...behavior was not a manifestation of the student's disability and the student is suspended beyond 10 days, educational services, including access to the general curriculum, must continue. Special education services may not to be interrupted during the manifestation process or long-term suspension.
Anthropologists conduct fieldwork by studying people, their behaviours, and their culture. This is done in the field by actively striving to interpret and understand the world from the perspective of those studied (Powdermaker, 1968, Keesing 1981). Anthropological participant-observation includes a “deep immersion into the life of a people” (Keesing, 1981 p.16) with an aim to produce an ethnography that accurately details the experience in a holistic and valuable style (Powdermaker, 1968, Keesing 1981). Generally, full participation in a culture is thought to reduce the interference the researcher has on the behaviour of the informants (Seymour- Smith, 1986). Participant-observation is still widely used by anthropologists as it offers deeply insightful real world accounts which are difficult to achieve using other methods (Seymour-Smith, 1986, Li,
As mentioned previously, the school system has a perceived obligation to discipline students in an attempt to protect the safety of all staff and students, to preserve the decorum of the school, and also to develop character in students (Kajs, 2006). It is these three notions, along with the public’s perception of the rising issue of youth crime, and federal and provincial legislation that led to the implementation of zero tolerance polices. There are arguably three stages of the zero tolerance policies: there must be a perceived issue by the public, which creates a moral panic and leads to the government taking action to calm the situation by creating legislation and lastly, the school board implementing the regulations and
By definition, in school suspension is “a program to which a student is assigned because of disruptive behavior for a specific amount of time.” (Effective Program, 156) Many schools that have in school suspension programs have a zero-tolerance policy. This deters bad behavior by having swift and serious consequences for breaking school rules.
Participation is also a crucial part of fieldwork, as it creates bonds and deepens the fieldwork through emotional involvement. McHugh managed to achieve the first two elements by participating and quietly observing, proving how necessary it is during fieldwork. She makes an exemplary effort to stick to the ethnographic commitments of an anthropologist, shown by how she embraces the different dress code and how she is eager to engage herself in the public activities. Fieldwork isn’t just about describing the details of people’s lives, but also analysing them to find out why people do the things that their culture has conditioned them to do
Consider Methodology: Teachers must have an exact and specific definition of what a discipline problem looks like so they can better handle situations with minimal disruption to the classroom. Case 2.1 on page 30 discusses a teacher who turned a minor student problem into a huge ordeal. Unfortunately, the problem could have been resolved by itself and did not need to be addressed. Because the teacher did not have the proper tools or definition of what a disciplinary problem looks like, all the students were disrupted and the learning processed stopped. However, Case 2.2 on page 31 was quite the opposite. It discussed how a student was not motivated to learn, complete
Yell, Mitchell L., and Michael E. Rozalski. "The Impact of Legislation and Litigation on Discipline and Student Behavior in the Classroom." Preventing School Failure 52.3 (2008): 7-16. EBSCO MegaFILE. EBSCO. Web. 19 Nov. 2010.
Recently, in education we have seen the call for the development of 21st Century skills to enhance the roles and responsibilities for our next generation of students. More importantly, society expects the education community to provide a safe environment for teaching and learning. Unfortunately, with the myopic focus of many educational institutions on instruction only, we have seen many organizations struggle to create environments conducive to teaching and learning. According to Losen & Gillespie (2012) over three million children, K-12, are estimated to have lost instructional “seat time” in 2009-2010 because they were suspended from school, especially with students of color.. These suspensions create negative working relationships between teachers, students and peers and leave school organizations with ineffective learning environments. In addition, according to Fusarelli and Boyd (2004) many states believe a more problematic America is emerging due to the stresses with multiculturalism and the inequalities which are transforming the character of not only American society but the school system as well. These racial and economic gaps are widening and making it difficult to develop character bridges within such a diverse population. Under those circumstances, schools will need to provide a