Rate of Reaction Investigation
Aim:
To determine how changing the concentration of a reactant (Na S O )
affects the rate of the reaction.
Prediction:
I predict that when we increase the concentration, the rate will
increase; therefore there are more particles and a greater probability
of a collision. If more particles are present in the same volume, they
will be closer together. This means they have a higher probability of
colliding and speeding up the reaction.
If we double the concentration, the rate will also double.
Text Box: 200ml Beaker of Sodium ThiosulphateText Box: 200ml Beaker of Hydrochloric Acid[IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE]Diagram:
[IMAGE][IMAGE]Text Box: Conical Flask
Paper
Timer
Big Measuring Cylinder
Small Measuring
Cylinder
[IMAGE]
Apperatus:
200 ml Beakers – To hold solutions
Lined paper – To determine when the mixture is cloudy
Timer – To time the rate of reaction
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium thiosulphate
Water
100ml measuring cylinder
10ml measuring cylinder
Fair Test:
For a fair test I must do:
· Make sure the beakers are thoroughly cleaned after each test.
· Use same paper in each test.
· If the paper gets wet, change the paper, but same kind.
· Make sure the same person is recording the time, as reaction times
differ in people.
Method:
1.Take two 200ml beakers and fill one with hydrochloric acid and the
other with sodium thiosulphate, label each beaker.
2.Using a large measuring cylinder (100ml), pour 90ml of sodium
thiosulphate into it and fill the rest with water, so that it reaches
100ml.
3.Pour sodium thiosulphate and water into conical flask and place over
lined paper.
4.Measure 10ml of hydrochloric acid into small measuring cylinder.
5.Pour the hydrochloric acid into the conical flask containing sodium
thiosulphate and water, begin timing. Stop timing as soon as the lines
of paper are no longer visible through conical flask.
6.Record time into table.
7.Wash out conical flask and large measuring cylinder, otherwise it
Then titrate with the sodium thiosulfate solution as in the standardization procedure, adding 6 drops of starch indicator near the end of the titration. Record the volume of thiosulfate solution used in the titration. Make a duplicate
The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs, thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law, it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentrations such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reaction, there will be one reaction that is slower than the others.
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
Investigating How Changing the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Sodium Thiosulphate Solution
reaction is the rate of loss of a reactant or the rate of formation of
Experiment is to investigate the rate of reaction between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate Þ Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon Dioxide 2HCl (aq) CaCo3 (s) CaCl2(s) H2O (aq) CO2 (g) There are a number of variables in this experiment and these are listed below as input variables and outcome variables.
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And the symbol equation for it is:. Na2S2O3 + 2HCl, S + SO2 + 2Na + H2O. Before conducting my experiment, I will research into, amongst other things, the factors that affect the rate of a reaction. This is so that I may have enough information to understand the effect of temperature on the rate of a reaction and also gain appropriate understanding to make a suitable prediction as to what the outcome of my experiment will be. Reactions occur when the particles of reactants collide together continuously.
We must also make sure that we add both the water and the sodium thiosulphate at exactly the same time (into the beaker with the hydrochloric acid in it), or it could affect the results of the experiment. We must start the stopwatch at the exact time as we put the water and the sodium thiosulphate into the beaker. To do this, it is a lot easier if there are two people doing the experiment, so one person can put the two substances in the HCL, and one person can start the stopwatch. Also, the person timing the experiment will look for the disappearance of the cross, otherwise there would be a time lapse between seeing the cross disappear and telling the other person to stop the clock and then eventually stopping the clock. It is also important to keep the temperature the same to obtain fair results, however we do not have to worry about this as the temperature will be kept at room temperature throughout the experiment.
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
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