Rate of Reaction

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Recommended: How temperature affects the rate of reaction of hydrochloric acid

Rate of Reaction Coursework

Aim: To investigate how temperature affects rate of reaction.

Introduction: I am going to investigate how temperature affects the rate of reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium carbonate.

This is the reaction that will take place:

Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate è Calcium Carbonate + Water +
Carbon Dioxide

The rate of reaction can be measured in various different ways:

* Using a balance you can check the mass before the reaction and then after the reaction has taken place. Then check the change in mass. * You can also use the method of obscuring a cross with sodium thiosulphate and time which cross becomes invisible first.

I am going to use a syringe to measure the amount of carbon dioxide given of at regular intervals. This is because it is accurate as the smallest division on it is 1ml.

The important variables are:

* Temperature – if it is increased the reaction as the particles will have more energy.

* Number of calcium carbonate chips – if there are a lot of chips more carbon dioxide will be formed.

* Amount of acid – if there is more acid the rate of reaction will be faster.

* Surface area – if the chips have a larger surface area then the rate of reaction will be faster.

Prediction:

I have chosen to investigate the affect of hydrochloric acid on calcium carbonate chips. I predict that as the temperature of the acid increases so will the rate of reaction. This is because for two substances to react they have to have a successful collision which means the have to collide with a minimum amount of energy which is called the activation energy.

This diagram shows how the particles will react with each other with the minimum amount of energy (activation energy):

The higher the temperature of the acid the faster the acid particles will be moving around as they’ll have more energy and there will more collisions. This energy will also allow there to be more successful collisions and so more carbon dioxide will be formed in smaller amount of time. Therefore the rate of reaction will be faster.

This diagram shows the reaction of particles with more energy from the heat: I can also predict that the shape of my final graph of rate of reaction and temperature will look like this:

From this graph I can predict that as I increase the temperature by
10°C the rate of reaction will double.

Apparatus: 1 Bunsen burner

Calcium Carbonate chips

Hydrochloric acid

1 Syringe
1 50ml measuring cylinder
1Heatproof mat
1 Wire gauze
1 Conical flask
1 Beaker filled with ice
1 Thermometer
1 Clamp

I chose to use the syringe as it has small divisions to help me make

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