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Sociology perspectives theories on rastafarianism
Who discovered the Rastafarian religion
Who discovered the Rastafarian religion
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Rastafari is, before it is anything else, a way of life. It offers approaches and answers to real problems black people face in daily living; it promotes spiritual resilience in the face of oppressive poverty and underdevelopment. It produces art, music and cultural forms, which can be universally recognized and appreciated. More important, Rastafari provides a positive self-image, an alternative to people who need and cannot find or accept one elsewhere. Even with its black foundation and orientation, Rastafarianism is open to anyone, of any race, who chooses to discover and is able to accept it.
My research focuses on the history of Rastafarians and the birth of Rastafarianism. I will reflect our lifestyle, including our symbols and beliefs, which will include our prophet and our God.
Marcus Garvey, who was a black, Jamaican nationalists, prophet to many Jamaicans and visionary, preached a message of black supremacy and initiated the “ Back to Africa” movement calling for all blacks to return home to Africa. Garvey proclaimed that a new black king would soon rise out of Africa to deliver all Africans from their oppressions all over the world. This prophecy was fulfilled at the time of the coronation of Haile Selassie I as Emperor of Ethiopia. The coming of the first Rastas, A shortened version of the word Rastafarian, was in Jamaica in the 1930. The Haile Selassie I, whose previous name was Ras Tafari, means power of Trinity. This is from where the Rasta movement took its name. “In fact, nearly every black movement in recent American history inherits some legacy from Marcus Garvey---through the Urban League, the Black Panthers, the Republic of New Africa, People United to save humanity (PUSH), the Nation of Islam, and other groups. Garvey’s influence lives on. His memory certainly lives among the Rastafarians of his homeland”(Nicholas 16).
The Rasta’s Haile Selassie I was more than just a political leader. Our prime belief is that Selassie I is the living Jah (God) for the black race. “ When Jesus left this earth, he promised to return, not as lamb to slaughter, but as a conquering lion; not as a peasant to be spitted upon, but as a King of Kings--- the greatest title bestowed upon a man…Haile Selassie I, being of the line of Judah, root of David and on the throne ...
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...mbolizes the Rastas roots, in contrast to the straight, blond look of the white man establishment. “They shall not make baldness upon their head, neither shall they shave off their corner of their beard, nor make cuttings in the flesh”(Leviticus 21:5). Some Rastas vow never to cut their hair, as did the Nazarites. The way our hair grows represents the Lion of Judah. The Lion of Judah represents Selassie I as King of Kings, as a lion is king of all beasts. Some Rastas cover their dreadlocks out of respect when they leave their home because the police will not hesitate to cut their hair if they are brought in for questioning or any other reason.
The main and basic way of life for Rastafarians includes the maintenance among all people of divine principles of life. These principles include loyalty, honesty, fear and love of God and self-attainment. We stand together against the world of Babylon in unity. We are seeking the freedom of speech and the freedom of expression. We also seek personal and individual freedom.
Works Cited
Moodie, John. Hath… The Lion Prevailed? Chicago: RASTP, 1999.
Nicholas, Tracey. Rastafari: A way of Life. Chicago: RASTP, 1996.
Marcus Garvey had a huge influence on the African Diaspora and where it connected with the black men and women. Ethiopia, in Garvey’s perspective, was seen as the home of all African’s in exile in the African Diaspora. (McMurray 48) See now what Garvey was influencing, yet not the initiator of, was on how the African Diaspora connected with the idea or dream of returning home to Africa. With that movement already going on and established, he was able to feed off other ideas and goals and incorporate them into his own. Garvey began to wonder who was the voice for the African’s and why the black men and women didn’t have the opportunities that other people, not African, did.
Abstract This document discusses the significance and far-reaching nature of Black Nationalism. The focus is on a few key figures that played a role in influencing the growth and development of the fundamentals of Black Nationalism. These figures include Marcus Garvey, Elijah Muhammad, and Malcolm X. Also, the complexity and variety of viewpoints on Black Nationalism as a whole are discussed. The focus is placed on the difference between extreme Black Nationalism and more passive manifestations. Lastly, the impact of these events and ideas are considered along with how they influenced American culture and the black community.
The second edition of “African American Religious History: A Documentary Witness,” covers the religious experiences of African Americans—from the late eighteenth century until the early 1980s. My paper is written in a chronological order to reflect on the progress blacks have made during the years—by expounding on the earliest religion of Africans to black religion of today. Race Relation and Religion plays a major role in today’s society—history is present in all that we do and it is to history that African-Americans have its identity and aspiration.
Marcus Garvey founded the UNIA in 1916. Marcus Garvey was a black nationalist from Jamaica. He brought the UNIA to America in desires of reestablishing black pride by returning African Americans to Africa and Africa to Africans. (Davidson, et al, p. 661) Marcus Garvey pushed for the separation of the races. “When Garvey spoke at the first national UNIA convention in 1920, over 25,000 supporters jammed Madison Square Garden in New York City to listen” (Davidson, et at, p. 661). The gathering was the first mass movement of African Americans in history. (Davidson, et at, p. 661) The UNIA had over 30 branches and over half a million people. Marcus Garvey was sentenced to prison in 1925 for mail fraud. He oversold stock in his company, Black Star Line, which was founded to return African Americans to Africa. Although his vision was destroyed, the image of a dignified black man standing up against racial bigotry and intolerance was not. (Davidson, et at, p. 661)
Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, came to the United States on March 23, 1916 to spread "his program of race improvement" (Cronon, 20). Originally, this was just to gain support for his educational program in Jamaica, but would soon become much more. Because of conditions at the time, the American Negro World took a great liking to him and his ideas of race redemption. Garvey’s organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which was already established, was now the focal point for blacks in America to gather around.
10. Yawney, Carole D. Moving with the dawtas of Rastafari: from myth to reality. pgs. 15--23; 33--55; and 65--73. (excerpts from Teresa Turner's New Society.)
At a young age, Malcolm saw the ways in which blacks were seen as inferior, when his father supported an organization that promoted the return of blacks to Africa. Malcolm watched at a young...
"The Rastafarians emerge as a loosely organized inspirational group (or groups?) of men and women concerned at the plight of black people, especially the plight of those whose ancestors were forcibly removed from Africa to become the slaves of the white man on his plantations in the islands of the Caribbean"(Cashmore, 1). The English takeover of Jamaica in 1660 started the terrible beginning of the African Diaspora. Millions of Africans were stolen off of their continent and were shipped over to the Caribbean where they were fashioned to do slave labor so the Europeans could make money. Over 80 million Africans died in the process of departing to the islands. The slaves were denied any form of religion and were treated like animals. They were also denied food and were made to grow their own food so they could feed themselves. Many years went by till the slaves started to rebel. The 'Maroons' were a group of runaway slaves who started a powerful group of guerrilla warriors who lived in the most dangerous woods in Jamaica. But the Maroons gave in and signed a peace treaty in 1738 and were paid to catch the runaway slaves and became supporters of slavery.
From these convictions, the idea of black liberation theology was created. Blacks relate Christianity to the struggles they have endured, therefore it has to be black. “In a society where men are defined on the basis of color of the victims, proclaiming that the condition of the poor is incongruous with him who has come to liberate us.”
9.) Smallwood, A. (n.d.). Black Nationalism and the Call for Black Power. African World Press. Retrieved November 20, 2013, from http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/prba/perspectives/fall1999/asmallwood.pdf
Marcus Garvey born 1887 in Jamaica and moved to the United States in 1916. Marcus was a talented speaker and quickly became one of the country’s famous and controversial black leaders. Garvey’s newspaper, Negro World promoted building an independent black economy. He created the Black Star Steamship Line to encourage worldwide trade among black people. Black leaders like W.E.B Du Bois considered that Garvey’s ideas were dangerous and extreme. After multiple legal problems with his steamship company, Garvey was arrested in 1922 and deported back to Jamaica.
C. Eric Lincoln and Lawrence H. Mamiya, The Black Church in the African American Experience (Durham: Duke University Press, 1990), 352. Lindsay A. Arscott, "Black Theology," Evangelical Review of Theology 10 (April-June 1986):137. James H. Cone, "Black Theology in American Religion," Theology Today 43 (April 1986):13. James H. Cone, "Black Theology and Black Liberation," in Black Theology: The South African Voice, ed. Basil Moore (London: C. Hurst & Co., 1973), 92, 96.
Despite the often negative image projected in the press and other writings, the Rastafarian movement has grown at a rapid rate. In 1977, an estimated 75,000 native Jamaicans were followers of Rastafari (Davis and Simon, Reggae Bloodlines, 63). By 1988, Barrett conservatively calculated the membership of the worldwide movement to be 300,000 (2). Forsythe observed that Rastafarianism "represents a growing force wherever sizable West Indian communities are found--in Britain, Canada, the USA and in the Caribbean" (63).
Rastafari is a theology based upon the writings of Marcus Garvey a Jamaican social activist. The movement’s global spread from Jamaica across the world has been strongly influenced by Bob Marley and closely associated with reggae. Many of Marley’s songs captured the essence of Rastafari religion and its social and political beliefs. (bbc.co.uk, 2014)
The Rastafari movement began in the black slums of Jamaica during the 1930 's, when Africa (considered Ethiopia by Europeans) was undergoing colonization. In this time, Africans were taken as slaves by the European powers, causing the people of Africa to be divided up