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Sociology of rape culture
Sociology of rape culture
Rape in the media
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Clinical psychologist, Mary Piper, once said, “Young men need to be socialized in such a way that rape is as unthinkable to them as cannibalism”. Too often, society blames rape victims for not behaving or dressing appropriately, suggesting it’s the victim’s own fault for getting abused and assaulted. Women are entitled to wear what they want when they want to, and it’s time that society directs men not to rape, instead of disciplining women not to get raped. Consent is defined as, “involving the will or feelings and indicates compliance with what is requested or desired” (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). Wearing revealing clothing, drinking too much and flirting doesn’t cause rape။ rapists cause rape.
‘Rape Culture’ is a phrase that’s frequently thrown around in our society, but what exactly is rape culture? Reinforced by the media, rape culture is a socially constructed concept regarding
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attitudes and actions affiliated with rape and consent, in which sexual assault and rape against women is normalized and even excused. While some may deny its existence။ the reality is ugly. Rape culture is a bonafide facet of our society, and needs to be recognized immediately in order to terminate the subjugation of women. To better comprehend the concept of rape culture, it must be understood that rape culture isn’t groups of individuals in society who promote the act of rape. Instead, rape culture involves cultural practices that excuse, joke about and tolerate sexual violence and rape (25 Everyday Examples of Rape Culture). Some examples of cultural practices that permeate our society, normalizing and excusing sexual violence are, “Pop music that tells women “you know you want it,” and “Supporting athletes who are charged with rape and calling their victims career-destroyers” (25 Everyday Examples of Rape Culture). Every time an individual shames, marginalizes and silences a victim of rape and sexual assault, they contribute to rape culture. In her article This is Rape Culture, Julia Gazdag states, “When a girl complains about being catcalled on the street because it made her uncomfortable, and you tell her to just take a compliment, you’re perpetuating rape culture”. According to Gazdag, “Rape culture is victim blaming, slut shaming, trivializing sexual assault, and putting the burden of prevention on potential victims”. In an era where rape and sexual assault can be virtually shared and documented anywhere through social networks, such as Facebook and Twitter, it’s critical that every culprit of sexual violence is denounced and castigated. Conversely, critics may argue that rape culture is a fabrication established by feminists to attack men, and some believe that a rape epidemic in our society doesn’t exist. In his article Rape Culture Doesn’t Exist And There Is No Rape Epidemic, Matt Walsh states that feminism in our society is “completely dependent on, and defined by, the idea that there is an epidemic of sexual violence against women”. Walsh believes that in our society, “we have feminists who use rape as a narrative tool to advance their agenda, and then the rest of us who are just about sick and tired of going along with the lunacy”. Walsh’s argument is arrantly erroneous, feminists do not utilize rape as narrative tools to advance their agenda. Those who are privileged and unaffected, like Walsh, are “sick and tired” of hearing about sexual violence because it doesn’t directly affect them. Additionally, Walsh suggests that we’re falsely told that one in five women are raped in America, and articles that debunk the claim of rape prevalence aren’t met with relief because feminists “want it to be true”. While this argument may be somewhat plausible because statistics surrounding sexual violence are inconsistent due to the fact that definitions of sexual assault vary, stating that feminists just simply want statistics to be true is fallacious. On the contrary, according to The National Sexual Violence Resource Center, “91% of the victims of rape and sexual assault are female, and 9% are male,” and “Rape is the most under-reported crime; 63% of sexual assaults are not reported to police”. This evidence overwhelmingly refutes Walsh’s argument against the existence of rape epidemic. Regardless of what the numerical statistics are, feminists want victims of sexual violence to receive the justice they deserve. Furthermore, denying the obvious only leaves victims of sexual violence in silence, and the lack of awareness of rape culture only results in absence of social change.
It’s imperative for both men and women in America to become self-aware of how they perpetuate a culture that justifies sexual violence against women. According to feminist and television editor, Anna Holtzman, “we have to transform our everyday culture. We have to raise our awareness of the 'little things' that add up to rape culture… things like the casual use of gendered slurs (like bitch and slut) in everyday speech and media… things like the notion that romance is boys chasing girls” (Ask a Raging Feminist: How do we end rape culture?) in order to dismantle rape culture in our society. Additionally, another way to end rape culture is to believe survivors of sexual violence because “It'll make rapists less likely to rape. It'll make communities do more to prevent and address sexual violence. It'll reduce instances of the media normalizing gender-based violence” (Ask a Raging Feminist: How do we end rape
culture?). Above all, rape culture exists because many individuals don’t believe in its existence.Our society’s disregard and lack of action towards sexual violence perpetuates a rape culture that blames the victims of assault, instead of blaming the predators committing the felony. In addition, rape culture includes jokes, music and advertising that make sexual coercion and violence towards women seem inevitable and normal. Women deserve to exist in society without living in fear of harassment and assault. In our age of thriving technology, the media is the biggest tool to end rape culture, and educate people on the meaning of consent. While statistics on rape prevalence are inconsistent, victim blaming is extremely prevalent in our society, and many survivors are terrified of reporting their attacks in fear of not being taken seriously. Now is the time to change sexual violence ideals. It’s time that society holds rapists accountable because it’s not a woman's responsibility to prevent ourselves from getting assaulted. It is a man’s responsibility not to rape us.
Oftentimes, the things individuals take for granted as preexisting facts are merely the products of social construction, which exert tremendous impacts on belief and action. Men and women are socially constructed categories inscribed by norms of masculinity and femininity that enables rape to occur. Catharine MacKinnon claims that rape is defined in a male perspective, which lacks the account of female experience. On the other hand, Sharon Marcus argues that rape is a constructed language that scripts the female body. As bell hooks points out, black men celebrate “rape culture” as a mean of expressing patriarchal dominance and endorsing female subordination. In order to redefine rape and to develop effective rape prevention, it is crucial to deconstruct the predetermined assumptions about men and women. Rape is socially constructed, through the ways how individuals possess misogynistic ideologies and endorse patriarchal power, turning the erotic fantasy of male dominance into “reality”.
In today’s society, there is evidence that gender roles hold high standards in forming an identity, whether that gender is male or female. These standards put pressure on either gender to uphold them and commit to specific behaviors/actions that validate their very being. For men, this includes being considered masculine, or portraying the sense that they are authoritative over others, in which this includes displaying attitudes that contribute to female subordination. According to Pascoe (2016) in his article “Good Guys Don’t Rape” men are given the opportunity to challenge rape yet reinforce rape attitudes at the same time that are contained within rape culture and masculinity considered “norms.” Pascoe, illustrates that rape can be seen
Susan Griffin’s Rape: The All-American Crime touches on many issues within American society. She begins by recounting how she was taught to be afraid of strange men from such a young age that she had not yet learned what it was she was so afraid of, and then goes into her experience with harassment, an experience shared by every woman at some point in her life. Griffin recounts the belief that all rapists are insane and the proof that they are just normal men and dispels the myth that rape is normal activity that is prohibited by society. However, she goes on to clarify that our culture views rape: “as an illegal, but still understandable, form of behavior” (Griffin 514). It seems that the wrongness of rape is determined by the situation in
One of the most horrible things that has erupted from the subjugation of women is rape culture. Rape culture is the downplaying of the crime of rape to appease the violator, the accusation that the victim made a choice that led to their rape, or even jokes that suggest rape. According to Jessica Valenti’s, “In Rape Tragedies, the Shame Is Ours,” in today's world many people give in to rape culture by participating in these acts that somehow change our mindsets into believing that, “it is more shameful to be raped than to be a rapist”. Once ...
In the past century, America has made great leaps in terms of equality. With the efforts made by the civil rights and suffrage movements, all people gained the right to vote. We are even moving forward with marriage equality, and currently fifteen states recognize same-sex marriage. But regardless of all of our progressive institutional movements forward, we continue to socially oppress women. Men’s violence against women has grown to be an internationally recognized epidemic, and will continue to grow unless measures be made to stop it. Domestic violence continues to be prevalent in the lives of many families, and is the primary cause of homelessness in half of cases for women in children. Many women have been forced to alter their behaviors out of fear of being sexually or physically assaulted. One out of every three women is sexually or physically abused in their lifetimes. The first thing that comes to mind is, there are a lot of people abusing women out there. Many people with opposing ideas may claim that men can be victims of violence perpetrated by women, but in instances not used for self-defense, it is rarely part of a systematic pattern of power and control through force or threat of force. In fact, 99% of rape is perpetrated by men, but when confronting men about the issue of violence against women, it is often combated with denial. Jackson Katz writes in his book, The Macho Paradox, “We take comfort in the idea of the aforementioned child-rapist murderer as a horrible aberration. A monster. We’re nothing like him.”(Katz 30). The sad truth is that most women who are raped are raped by men they know, or even men they love. Many men have a hard time believing that saying that most violence is perpetuated by men does not...
It is not a topic that is brought up often, especially at schools or at gatherings, yet it is crucial that everyone be educated, or at least informed on a topic that affects women every day. “Given that sexual violence continues to occur at high rates in the United States, it is vital that we understand attitudes and cultural norms that serve to minimize or foster tolerance of sexual violence” (Aosved, 481). Growing rates of sexual violence goes to prove that it is not taken seriously by many, especially when myths excuse the actions of the perpetrator and instead guilt victims into thinking they are responsible for the horrible act. Burt (1980), in her article titled, “Cultural myths and support for rape” attempts to make sense of the importance of stereotypes and myths, defined as prejudicial, stereotypes, or false beliefs about rape, rape victims and rapists- in creating a climate hostile to rape victims (Burt, 217). Examples of rape myths are such sayings as “only bad girls get raped”; “women ask for it”; “women cry rape” (Burt, 217). This only goes to prove that rape myths against women always blame and make it seem like it is the women’s fault she was raped and that she deserved it for “acting” a certain way. McMahon (2007), in her article titled, “Understanding community-specific rape myths” explains how Lonsway and Fitzgerald (1994) later described rape myths as “attitudes and beliefs that are generally
Their reason to first utilize the term was to “show the ways in which society blamed victims of sexual assault and normalized male sexual violence”. Almost a half a century later, Southern Connecticut State University defines the term rape culture as “an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture”. Forms of rape culture include but are not limited to: blaming the victim of sexual assault, the assumption that men are weak if they experience sexual assault, making sexual assault seem less of a serious crime, rape jokes/sexually explicit jokes, as well as defining gender roles. All of these forms are seen in today’s society through “jokes, T.V., music, advertising, legal jargon, laws, words, and imagery”. Essentially, rape culture is an actual problem in our society and needs to be addressed
Firstly, Rape culture can be defined as the normalization and excusing of sexual violent behavior towards women in everyday media and culture (marshall.edu). Rape culture can also be the over sexualization of women’s bodies and misogynistic attitudes. These images and attitudes may not seem like they are obvious or even present but they are subtly weaved into many of the symbols and daily interactions in society. This is what causes rape and rape culture to be normalized. For example, if a young woman is sexually assaulted in a club, instead of asking details about the person who committed the act, the questions are reversed onto the victim. There are questions that arise such as, “what was she wearing?”, “was she drunk?”, “was she flirting with him/her at first?”. These questions are problematic because they suggest that the victim is the one is at fault for being sexaually assaulted. This idea is pushed by the symbolic interaction that if someone is trying to get lucky the other individual has to follow through, especially in party settings. I often see this especially in music and movies where stalking and harassing a person to the point of being uncomfortable is chalked up as a heated “romantic” pursuit.. For another example, women’s bodies (and often men’s too) are oversexualized. The is especially in the advertising industry and again in the media.
What do you think and feel when you hear the word rape? Do you feel uncomfortable? Maybe even angry? Your certain feelings and emotions towards this word is a result of rape culture. Rape culture, essentially, is how a society as a whole sees and reacts towards rape or instances of rape. In 2013 rape was defined by the FBI as, “Penetration… of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” (Division’s Crime Statistics Management Unit 1). The definition was finally changed after the old definition deemed inappropriate by today’s standards, which beforehand, stated that physical force needed to be used for rape to be considered rape. This is good news for men and women who have been fighting for the definition to be changed, but unfortunately this does not mean that state laws are being changed the same way. Even though the FBI may acknowledge the older inappropriate definition, most states do not. Sexual assault is a commonly unreported crime, where only an average of 36% of sexual abuse is actually reported to the authorities (Planty 7). Some forms of rape can include physical harm, threats, and even death of the victim, and most victims do not want to tell others for fear of criticism, self-blame, or even the fear that their attackers will carry out on their threats. In many cases, victims do have a reason to be afraid. When someone is brave enough to come forward and say they were sexually assaulted, they are putting themselves in the position of being in not only a long legal process, but also having their motives questioned and misunderstood, which is the last thing they want after their experience. The legal system in the United States...
Many of the attitudes, beliefs, and mistaken ideas about rape have been with us for centuries. By looking at myths, such as “women ask for it,” and “it would do some women good to get raped,” from a historical perspective, lead us for better understanding how they evolved. Women are still seen as the property of men, are protected as such. Men and women are still taught to occupy very different roles in today’s world. Men are usually more aggressive, and women are seen as passive. (Vogelman) This socialization process is changing, but slowly.
According to Marshall University, Rape Culture is defined as “an environment in which rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in media and popular culture.” In American society, it is not hard to find examples of rape culture. In popular movies, music, and current events there is an undeniable notion of victim blaming, and sympathizing with male perpetrators. People have begun to use the term rape as a casual adjective. For example “I just raped him in that game,” could be used to describe two people playing a game and one winning easily against the other. American society uses pop culture and current events to promote and justify the prominent rape culture.
2017 is full of evolving concepts, new freedoms, and a closer idea of equality than ever before, but among all of the advances society is making there are still numerous drawbacks and a more ignorant side of humanity. The rape culture is a prominent issue within this grey area. Diving into rape culture unveils a whole deeper level of this ignorance because it is more than the victim and the attacker. Rape normally includes multiple attackers who are not even the rapist and the victim who gets blamed for the assault they experienced. This victim-blaming occurs when the victim of rape gets blamed, pretty self-explanatory, but why this happens is not as obvious. Women get blamed for their assault mainly because they are dressed promiscuously and
Sexual violence is a national issue that permeates every aspect society. Sexual assault and rape is an ongoing problem, evident by the troubling statistic that roughly 20 million out of 112 million women (18.0%) in the United States have been raped during their lifetime (Kilpatrick, Resnick, Ruggiero, Conoscenti, McCauley, 2007). Despite the continuous push for gender equality, the current culture of society perpetuates victim-blaming tendencies towards innate cognitive processes and media influences.
The society we live in is rape-conducive, rape-friendly, if you will. Despite the anger I feel joining those two words together, I know the sad paradox holds within it a great deal of truth. We are a violent society that has shrouded rape in mystery and shame. To stop this nightmare’s venomous crusades, all people must wage a private war to eradicate their own acceptance of the savage crime. While it is only a minority of men that actually commit rape, it is everyone’s silence that tells them it’s ok.
Although rape culture does contain a large social component, politics also play a role in the blaming of women when they are sexually assaulted. In the U.S, as recently as forty years ago, a woman’s “impure behavior”—from having an affair to the use of birth control— could be used to detract from her credibility as the complainant in a rape case. In addition to this, a woman’s failure to fight back against her rapist was not uncommonly treated as consent to sex (Young 42). These absurd practices show prejudices towards women, and while these practices were more common before the height of second wave feminism — which brought attention to issues such as domestic violence and marital rape — they are still used in ways that may be imperceptible (Rampton). An example of this is seen when religious institutions and college athletics hold respect for authority over the worth of victims by allowing sexual abuse to go unchecked, unpunished, or insufficiently punished (Young 42).