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Social-Psychological Theory of rape
Social-Psychological Theory of rape
Rape culture sociology
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Rape: A Bigger Danger Than Feminist Know
Camille Paglia a thrilling humanities professor at Philadelphia University of the Arts. Known for her controversial books and essays wrote a selection for the New York News Day in 1991 titled, Rape: A Bigger Danger Than Feminist Know (578). In this selection Pagila takes a stance on rape and who is really to blame for it. Paglia’s thesis, which states “ Feminism keeps saying the sexes are the same. It keeps telling women they can do anything, go anywhere, say anything, wear anything. No, they cant. Women will always be in danger” (579).
Paglia opens her article with the line “Rape is an outrage that cannot be tolerated in civilized society”(578). She talks about how feminists have forced rape to be
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a more prominent topic that has caused for the dangers of rape to be hidden from women. They have allowed women to believe, that before she has sex with man she must give consent to him and if she doesn’t give consent it is considered rape. (578) Paglia continues with how on certain college campuses in the North East and West Coast women have begun to write the name of the men who raped them on bathroom stalls. (578) Pagila goes on to talk about how rape is not something new but something that has been happening through out all of history. Rapes use to have a large penalty death and in some countries would result in the person being “knifed, castrated and hung out to dry” (Paglia 579). But over time rape has been seen as a lesser crime and women are not ready for that world. Feminist played a hand in this as well, with telling women they could wear, go, say, or do anything they please which women cant because they’re in sexual danger.(579) A student of Paglia’s once went to Egypt and spent the night camped out in the passageway of the Great Pyramid (579) Which a women could never do because this would result in her being raped even if feminist say women can do everything that men do Paglia believes different (579). They’re just sexual indifferences that men and women have, because of their chemical makeup. A man needs sex to thrive, they will do anything, while women were not made like that and we can sustain our selves from needing sex. College men are the worst at this considering they’re at their sexual peak. (579) Paglia then goes on to talk about women in this century and how they lead men on with the games they play and it leads to their rapes (580). Media has put into women’s heads that they can have whatever they want and lead a man on however they please but they’re wrong (580). Paglia talks about how “you must study the past” (581). Women should know what they’re getting themselves in to and not cry to their parents when something happens or to lie to their parents about being raped. (581) Paglia finishes her article talking about men and how they will never change and “the only solution to date rape is female self-awareness and self control,” (Paglia 582). The only way a women can stop date rape is for her to defend and control herself, and if a problem of date rape ever does happen to go to the police and not tell everyone about it. (582) To conclude, Paglia a professor of humanities in her article for the New York Newsday talks about date rape and who really is to blame for it (578). Men cannot control themselves, women should learn to cover up, to never go anywhere alone and to not listen to what the feminist have to say about date rape. In reply to Paglia’s essay on date rape and who really is to blame, I formed that her arguments had few strengths.
The first strength that I saw in this was her credentials. Credentials, specified by the Longman Reader is “…experiences you’ve had that make you knowledgeable about the issue being discussed”(493) Paglia’s credentials is that she is a professor of humanities at Philadelphia University of the Arts. (578) Humanities is the study of humans and their cultures. Paglia’s credentials allow her to be an expert on date rape and the reason we do the things we do. An example from her essay that shows that she has the credentials to talk about these things is when she talks about women and how they don’t know what they want. She says “Today’s young woman don’t know what they want… feminism has not brought sexual happiness” (580). Here you can see that Paglia uses her credentials and her study of woman to come to a conclusion, that women do not know what they want in this world. This is Paglia’s strength because this is ethos. Ethos, specified by the Longman Reader means “credibility” (493). Credibility in this sense has to deal with being knowledgeable in what you’re talking about. Paglia does this by not being over creditable in her essay, she hints at her credibility at times in the paper but does not bombard the reader with …show more content…
sources. Another, sometimes strength in Paglia’s essay was her use of relevant evidence. Relevant evidence explained by the Longman Reader is “evidence that relates to the readers’ needs, values, and experience” (501). Paglia uses relevant evidence a couple of times through out the essay, One piece relevant evidence is when she talks about a 1960’s comic film titled Where the Boys Are. This film is about men chasing women using different strategies to get the women into bed, and women making bad decisions that in the end lead to their rape. Paglia choosing this movie as evidence of what can lead you to get raped is a great example of factual evidence. It shows the experience of four different girls and their vacation in Florida, which later results in the rape of one of them. People relate well and learn from the experience of others. The reason this is strength is because people can relate and learn a lesson from this. From other peoples experience in driving and getting into accidents in Killeen Texas, I have become a very cautious driver. I always keep my eyes focused on the road and keep a good distance between me and other cars. I never gotten into accident but just from hearing from others what happened I learned a lesson and drive safely. Paglia’s essay on date rape and who really is to blame, I found that her arguments had many weaknesses.
The first weakness I found was her Tone. Tone, specified by the Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writers is, “not what you say, but how you say it” (Troyka 151). Paglia’s tone is this essay is a very extreme and emotional tone. In her essay she states “A girl who lets herself get dead drunk… fraternity party is an idiot” (580). She is very harsh in what she is saying in this essay, usually with an essay like this you would want to create a language that would allow the reader to agree with you and to understand what you’re saying. But, she is just bashing any types of girls that go to a fraternity party and that tone should not be used to convey her point. The reason the tone in this kind of essay is a weakness is because of ethos. Ethos like described earlier is credibility of the writer. (troyka 148). Paglia is not able to be trusted because of her tone. She used a very strong an extreme emotional tone and pushes the reader away and makes them disagree with her even more and makes her lose her
credibility. Furthermore, a weakness in that she commits logical fallacies more certainly either or fallacies. Simon and Schuster Handbook for Writes states “called false dilemma, offers only two alterations when more exist.” Paglia commits this fallacy through the essay a good couple of times but this point stood out to me the most when she said, “the only solution to date rape is female self-awareness and self –control”(582). In Paglia’s statement she is giving females only two options when it comes to what they should do so they don’t get raped when really there are thousands of different things. This causes it to be a weakness in her essay it lacks ethos and makes her credibility seem none existent. The use of the world only and stating two ways to resolve this problem, will make the reader disagree with her now at the end of the essay. A way she could fix this is by saying “self-awareness and self-control are SOME solutions to date rape.” Lastly, a weakness in Paglia’s essay is her use of Fictitious examples. Fictitious, according to the Dictionary.com is “of, relating to, or consisting of fiction; imaginatively produced or set forth; created by the imagination.” Paglia’s examples through out the essay were based off of movies and people that people in this generation have never heard of. One example of this from her essay that shows this is when she talks about womens cosmic social power. She states that “ Clara Bow it was rumored, took on the USC football team … screaming sailors and straddles a pink-lit cannon” This statement we see Paglia using any examples she can think of to prove her point. She doesn’t not use and example that you and I can easily relate to but instead something that is very obscured and cannot be proven. The reason this is a weakness is because it weakens her logos. Logos according to the Simon & Schuster Handbook for Writers mean “trustworthy” in regard to the writer (144). Trustworthiness plays a hand with creditability, using fictious examples pushes the reader away because they have nothing to relate too. Paglia is a humanities professor in her life time she should have studied real life examples of rape an have real life examples to base her essay off of. Instead, Paglia should have used logical examples like Monica Lewinsky who seduced Bill Clinton with her cosmic sexual power to have a relationship with her. To fix this she should have applied logical examples of women using their powers to get men. In conclusion, I feel as though Paglia has written a very weak essay. She doesn’t really persuade the reader to change their view on date rape and who really is to blame for it. Her tone and fictitious examples cause this to be a very weak essay. Her tone is very hostile and doesn’t try to persuade you to change your view on date rape but more keep the opinion you have, and her examples cannot be backed by anything except the credentials she holds as a humanities professor. The weaknesses out weigh the essays strength in my opinion. Her strengths were sporadic and small; if it weren’t for her credentials she would only have one strength throughout the essay. I would give this essay a C, she doesn’t provide any logical facts and it really causes her to lose her ethos and pathos.
Rape is a hidden epidemic that affects many lives world wide. It is a problem that is so terrifying and uncomfortable that people do not talk about it. John Krakauer, author of Missoula, focuses on this issue of rape in the college town of Missoula, Montana. His focus is specifically on the case of Allison Huguet and Beau Donaldson. As the progression of Allison 's case continues we learn of more and more rape cases that happened to women on this same campus. A majority of women do not report these cases, we later learn as Krakauer continues through Allison 's case, because reporting and pursuing the case would be giving their life away. [4] Of course Allison decides to go through the trails of Beau Donaldson, however it is obvious that it is extremely difficult to convict someone with little evidence. As hard of a read as Missoula
Castro “[has] learned not to back down” (Castro 269) in the face of a differing opinion; this is unlike many other writers. It is for this reason that Castro’s writing inspires me to resist the idea that the type of writing that belongs in “the academy” is not for others to necessarily see, but for the people fortunate enough to read it themselves. The power of words and information is universally essential in all its forms, and this type of communication is vital for any sort of improvement or awareness. The passage about Castro’s feminist professor who writes about the Violence Against Women Act is a perfect example of what Castro depicts as one of the downsides of “the academy.” The essay her professor writes could potentially “help protect thousands of women,” but instead it is categorized as an “academic journal” (Castro 266) and most likely will not be accessed by those in need. Lastly, Castro inspires me by emphasizing the need to broaden the origins of authors that are read and interpreted to those who were actually affected by heavy issues. Writing that belongs in “the academy” should be eye-opening and not full of common
By educating herself she was able to form her own opinion and no longer be ignorant to the problem of how women are judge by their appearance in Western cultures. By posing the rhetorical question “what is more liberating” (Ridley 448), she is able to get her readers to see what she has discovered. Cisneros also learned that despite the fact that she did not take the path that her father desired, he was still proud of all of her accomplishments. After reading her work for the first time her father asked “where can I get more copies” (Cisneros 369), showing her that he wanted to show others and brag about his only daughters accomplishments. Tan shifts tones throughout the paper but ends with a straightforward tone saying “there are still plenty of other books on the shelf. Choose what you like” (Tan 4), she explains that as a reader an individual has the right to form their own opinion of her writing but if they do not like it they do not have to read it because she writes for her own pleasure and no one else’s. All of the women took separate approaches to dealing with their issues but all of these resolutions allowed them to see the positive side of the
...urrent trend. Throughout her essay Mernissi creates sympathy for herself due to how she was treated, and also for the average Western woman, as they are also apparently not normal. Additionally, the emotional appeal is key for one to understand Mernissi’s predicament, as it persuades the audience to realize that the “size 6” trend is insulting to women.
One of the most horrible things that has erupted from the subjugation of women is rape culture. Rape culture is the downplaying of the crime of rape to appease the violator, the accusation that the victim made a choice that led to their rape, or even jokes that suggest rape. According to Jessica Valenti’s, “In Rape Tragedies, the Shame Is Ours,” in today's world many people give in to rape culture by participating in these acts that somehow change our mindsets into believing that, “it is more shameful to be raped than to be a rapist”. Once ...
“Before the rape I felt good. My life was in order. I was getting ready to get married. Afterward everything changed. I kind of lost who I was as a person…
Rizga shows her understanding of her audience through the use of appeals, reinforcement of thesis, and lead-in to the introduction. Rizga demonstrates strong audience awareness by telling the story of Maria, a Salvadorian girl newly arrived to the United States. Rizga writes about Maria’s struggles in her country as well as the struggles she was faced with upon arriving to the United States, which appeals to the audience’s emotions. Rhee, however, has a very weak appeal, “As a parent, I understand that problem.” Unlike Rhee, Rizga immediately begins her article with Maria being bullied in school for not knowing English. Rhee, on the other hand, just simply states that she is a parent with a daughter of her own. All throughout Rizga’s article, she makes sure to reinforce her thesis. Rizga does this by saying that the school “is among the lowest-performing 5 percent of schools in the country.” She also states that the school has an 88 percent college acceptance rate and asks the question “Was this what a failing school looked like?” Rhee, however, is constantly contradicting herself which therefore goes against her argument. Unlike Rhee, who contradicts herself, Rizga is constantly connecting everything she says with her thesis. Rhee, on the other hand, completely contradicts herself when saying “Standardized tests don’t accurately measure how students are learning and many other indicators exist. That’s absolutely
His argument is weak overall, but that is because it is meant to be weak because he has a whole other meaning behind what he is saying. The strength in his arguments was that he got the reader’s attention like he wanted then at the end told them how he really felt about the whole issue. What he was really good at was getting his readers attention because if he didn’t grab their attention then the whole point of the essay would be pointless. He could have been less descriptive in the parts where he talked about cooking children but other than that he did a pretty swell job at what he did.
It is not a topic that is brought up often, especially at schools or at gatherings, yet it is crucial that everyone be educated, or at least informed on a topic that affects women every day. “Given that sexual violence continues to occur at high rates in the United States, it is vital that we understand attitudes and cultural norms that serve to minimize or foster tolerance of sexual violence” (Aosved, 481). Growing rates of sexual violence goes to prove that it is not taken seriously by many, especially when myths excuse the actions of the perpetrator and instead guilt victims into thinking they are responsible for the horrible act. Burt (1980), in her article titled, “Cultural myths and support for rape” attempts to make sense of the importance of stereotypes and myths, defined as prejudicial, stereotypes, or false beliefs about rape, rape victims and rapists- in creating a climate hostile to rape victims (Burt, 217). Examples of rape myths are such sayings as “only bad girls get raped”; “women ask for it”; “women cry rape” (Burt, 217). This only goes to prove that rape myths against women always blame and make it seem like it is the women’s fault she was raped and that she deserved it for “acting” a certain way. McMahon (2007), in her article titled, “Understanding community-specific rape myths” explains how Lonsway and Fitzgerald (1994) later described rape myths as “attitudes and beliefs that are generally
Sexual assault is defined as a type of behaviour that occurs without explicit consent from the recipient and under sexual assault come various categories such as sexual activities as forces sexual intercourse, incest, fondling, attempted rape and more (Justice.gov. 2017). People often become victims of sexual assault by someone they know and trust (Mason & Lodrick, 2013) which is conflicting to the public’s perception and beliefs that offenders are strangers. Women are the main victims for sexual assault and are 5 times more likely to have been a victim of sexual assault from a male (Wright, 2017, p. 93). Men are victims of sexual assault however only 0.7% of men, compared to 3.2% of women, experience some form of sexual assault which highlights how vulnerable women are compared to men. Sexual assault is publicised and exposed in the media, however is often
What do you think and feel when you hear the word rape? Do you feel uncomfortable? Maybe even angry? Your certain feelings and emotions towards this word is a result of rape culture. Rape culture, essentially, is how a society as a whole sees and reacts towards rape or instances of rape. In 2013 rape was defined by the FBI as, “Penetration… of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.” (Division’s Crime Statistics Management Unit 1). The definition was finally changed after the old definition deemed inappropriate by today’s standards, which beforehand, stated that physical force needed to be used for rape to be considered rape. This is good news for men and women who have been fighting for the definition to be changed, but unfortunately this does not mean that state laws are being changed the same way. Even though the FBI may acknowledge the older inappropriate definition, most states do not. Sexual assault is a commonly unreported crime, where only an average of 36% of sexual abuse is actually reported to the authorities (Planty 7). Some forms of rape can include physical harm, threats, and even death of the victim, and most victims do not want to tell others for fear of criticism, self-blame, or even the fear that their attackers will carry out on their threats. In many cases, victims do have a reason to be afraid. When someone is brave enough to come forward and say they were sexually assaulted, they are putting themselves in the position of being in not only a long legal process, but also having their motives questioned and misunderstood, which is the last thing they want after their experience. The legal system in the United States...
Rape and sexual violence is a very serious problem that affects millions of people each year. Rape is someone taking advantage of another person sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, visual, or anything that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual contact or attention. ("Sexual Assault.") Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. In 2002, only thirty-nine percent of rapes and sexual assaults were reported to law officials. ("Sexual Violence: Fact Sheet.") Victims sometimes do not report that they have raped because of shame or feeling that it was their fault. It is never the victim's fault. "Victim blaming" is holding the victim of a crime to be in a whole or in partly responsible for what had happened to them. Most victims believe this. ("Myths and Facts about Sexual Violence.")
Many of the attitudes, beliefs, and mistaken ideas about rape have been with us for centuries. By looking at myths, such as “women ask for it,” and “women secretly enjoy rape,” from a historical perspective, can lead us for better understanding how they evolved. Much stems back to the idea that women are still seen as the property of men, and are protected as such. Men and women are still taught to occupy very different roles in today’s world. Men a...
She then talks about great men such as Mussolini, Pope, Napoleon and Goethe and how they viewed women. After discovering their opinions, the narrator is bewildered at her findings. These men are praised for their philosophies and wisdom, yet they all view women as being inferior. The narrator is pointing towards the fact that these men in reality are quite ignorant. During th...
Is anyone truly a stranger to nightmares? Has anyone not woken up in a feverish sweat with a racing pulse or pounding heart? Whose eyes have never wildly searched their room for the phantoms of a dream? Now, what if the familiar consolation of learning it was all in your head never came? How do you wake up from a nightmare that is, in fact, a reality? I think I’m getting ahead of myself. What I mean to say is, I was raped, and rape is a nightmare.