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Rabies Control
Rabies is widespread due to the lack of control, especially in third-world countries that obtain the virus usually through being bitten by the animals in the wild. Nevertheless, rabies cases overall has decreased compared to previous years due to increased restrictions that includes vaccinations and laws. This has made countries such as the United States and Great Britain average about only a couple of cases of rabies a year. Unfortunately, rabies will most likely remain as it is impossible to vaccinate every mammal and there are animals that can live successfully with the disease.
“All warm blooded animals are susceptible to rabies; but, according to the World Health Organization’s Expert Committee on the disease, not all animals are equally susceptible…dogs are listed as only moderately susceptible; but dogs are without any doubt the animals most likely to spread the infection to human beings.” (Kaplan et al. 1).
In 1938, dogs made up 89.9% of all rabid cases reported in the United States and rabies itself was responsible for the deaths of 47 people that year. However, that number went down after the 1960’s as dogs made up only 3.6% of reported cases and eventually the virus killed about one person a year. This successful shift was due not only to more vaccinations in animals, but strict laws and rules enforced in different countries to exterminate the rabies virus (Baer 3).
One of the earliest laws concerning rabies was actually placed on the Code of Hammurabi, the first laws ever written down in 2100 B.C and said “ If a dog is mad the authorities have brought the fact to the knowledge of its owner; if he does not keep it in, it bites a man and causes his death, then the owner shall pay two thirds of m...
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...mpletely due to the impossibility of vaccinating every single mammal, the containment of it has improves as more people are taking the initiative and responsibility to set rules to reduce the number of animals with rabies even further.
Bibliography
Baer, George M. Report on Rabies: the Current Rabies Situation in the United States-an Overview. Princeton Junction: Veterinary Learning Systems Co., Inc., 1983. 2-6.
Coye, Molly J. Guidelines for the Treatment, Investigation, and Control of Animal Bites. The State of California Health and Welfare Agency Department of Health Services. 1992. 1-71.
Kaplan, Colin, G.S Turner, and D.A Warrell. Rabies: the Facts. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986. 1-126.
Tierkel, E.S. Rabies. Tokyo: University of Tokyo P, 1971. 3-406.
Webster, Leslie T. Rabies. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1942. 3-168.
Sacks, Jeffrey J., Leslie Sinclair, Julie Gilchrist, Gail C. Golab, and Randall Lockwood. “Breed of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 217.6 (2000): 836-840.
“Dog Bite: Fact Sheet.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC, 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 13
They may believe that this is in everyone’s best interest to choose whether or not to get their pet revaccinated. However, there are always limitations or exceptions to this argument. There have been cases where a veterinarian has told them that they do not need to have the animal revaccinated and unfortunately, fate gets to the animal first. The animal has come into contact with the rabies disease and now the owner is in a bad situation and of course, immediately blames the vet for the situation that they are currently experiencing. The said owner of this personal narrative did end up suing the vet and the vet did get in trouble for her ‘wrongful misquoting.’ Because of stories like this that have happened before, some vets are very cautious when they tell people their opinions. A veterinarian is still a human being and mistakes will be made. Mistakes are not preventable and their education and knowledge was not always enough to go against the game of life. As a partial solution to this problem, veterinarians have resulted to keeping their opinions to themselves and following what they were taught in school all of those years ago. In graduate school, the veterinarian students are taught to follow the vaccination schedule and follow it right on the dot when it comes to the dates as well as the time of year! Some people are more fond of this method so that they are not taking any unnecessary risks; while
Rabies is a deadly virus that occurs in the brain. It can affect all mammals but the ones that are most commonly found with the virus are dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes. This means that any non-mammal can not contract the virus, such as fish, birds, and reptiles (2). The virus can be contracted by humans with saliva transfer with broken skin contact from an animal which has the disease. As this is the most common form of transferring the disease it is very believable that Tea Cake contracts the virus from the wild dog that “managed to bite [him] high up on his cheek bone once” (1). The rabies virus works by being a bullet shaped virus that directly attacks th...
Hussain states that “There are approximately sixty-eight million dogs kept as pets in the United States. Every year, these dogs bite an estimated four to five million Americans, representing about two percent of the population...” According to J.T. Quirk, “dog bites are a significant cause of injury, particularly among children.” Based on Quirk’s research “National estimates presented [in the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) were based on weighted data for 25,709 patients treated for dog bite-related injuries at NEISS-AIP hospital emergency departments from 2005 to 2009.” That estimates roughly to 6,427 people per year being treated for dog bite-related injuries. Quirk also states that “It has been estimated that 1,615,426 persons… were treated in US emergency departments for non-fatal dog bite-related injuries between 2005 and 2009, for a corresponding average annual injury rate of 107.2 … per 100,000 population.” Males accounted for 53.9 percent of the injuries sustained making the rate of males 1.2 times higher than females. Rates were highest in children under the age of 15 at 95 percent (Quirk 300-302). Data on dog attacks seems more accessible in the United Kingdom, where the dangerous dog stigma began. Based on the research of Páraic Ó Súilleabháin, in Ireland “there was a total of
United States. House of Representatives. Committee on Agriculture. “Puppy Uniform Protection and Safety Act.” Thomas Library of Congress. Government Publication Office. 27 Feb. 2013. Web. 14 Nov. 2013
California isn't a special case from this sickness. As indicated by CDC.gov, In May 2011, a young lady matured 8 years from a rustic region in California was conveyed to a nearby crisis office (ED) with a 1-week history of dynamic sore throat, trouble gulping, and shortcoming. After she created limp loss of motion and encephalitis, rabies was analyzed in view of 1) discovery of rabies virus– particular antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal liquid (CSF), 2) a perfect clinical disorder in the patient, and 3) nonattendance of an imaginable elective determination. The patient got progressed steady care, incorporating treatment with remedial unconsciousness. She was effectively extubated following 15 days and released from the healing center 37
Rabies: is one of the first recognized infectious diseases causing vomiting, fever, anorexia, lethargy, disorientation, ataxia, and hypersalivation. The symptoms tend to progress quickly with death seen in 1-10 days of the appearance of clinical signs. There is no cure for the rabies virus and if clinical signs suggest rabies the animal should be immediately euthanatized.
A dog was bit by a skunk last Wednesday night in a North Fargo neighborhood. This skunk was sent in for testing and results came back positive for the Rabies Virus. Luckily the dog that was bit by the infected skunk was vaccinated, but is still being watched for signs and symptoms of the disease. The Rabies Virus is dangerous because it causes a disease of the brain, this disease can even cause death (“Rabies,” 2013). The early symptoms of Rabies are very similar to the flue and include, but are not limited to nausea, headache, vomiting, and fever. If you are bit by an animal you should seek immediate medical attention, your doctor will then decide if treatment to prevent Rabies is
The rabies variant is named after the reservoir host. For example, rabies from a bat is called bat rabies, and rabies from a canine would be referred to as canine rabies2
Rabies has been around for many years causing the deaths of animals as well as humans. During the 1910s, rabies in bats was suspected in Brazil. In 1931, it was definitively diagnosed for the first time in Trinidad in Latin America. Since 1985, bats have been the main rabies reservoirs identified. Bats are, and
Rabies is a viral disease that infects the central nervous system and is spread by a bite of an affected animal, typically mammals. It is transferred via the saliva of infected animals. In certain conditions, the virus can establish itself in the central nervous system. This causes it to spread to the salivary glands, producing the foam the virus is infamous for. The disease develops most often between four and six weeks after infection, but the incubation period can vary from as low as 10 days to as high as eight months.
Rabies a viral disease to warm blooded animals, its timeline dates back as far to 2300 BC. Research shows that dog owners of Babylonian city of Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar in Diyala Province, Iraq) were fined for their dogs biting and causing death to people of the city. Rabies causes panic and fear into people in 1759-1762 making it a grim barbaric scene in London where street dogs were shot and given a reward restricting dogs to a month of confinement. In the 1800 hundreds becoming a widespread problem to the Western, Northern and Eastern part of Europe, Presenting itself back in North America and Canada to England to never go away. A mass of foxes become infected in France in 1803 this to date has been the largest outbreak to be seen killing
"Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals." AALAS Foundation. 2005. American Association for Laboratory Animal Science. 2012 .