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Medical zoology in rabies essay
History of rabies in animals
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Canine Distemper: very contagious disease that is caused by a virus that attacks the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and nervous system of adult and pediatric dogs. Foxes, skunks, wolves, and raccoons are also able to be infected with the virus. This disease is transmitted by airborne and also via food and water bowls. The mother is able to pass the virus through the placenta to her puppies. The most common symptoms seen are fever, nasal and ocular discharge, inappetence, coughing and vomiting.
Canine Parvovirus: very contagious virus that causes vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypothermia and loss of appetite. Dogs under the age of four months and unvaccinated dogs are most susceptible to the virus. Parvovirus is very resistant to contaminates such as collars, leashes, and kennel surfaces and on the hands of the animal handlers. It is easily transmitted via the previously
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This disease is also one of the causes of infectious tracheobronchitits (canine kennel cough). The symptoms of canine adenovirus are coughing or dry hacking, conjunctivitis, fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea. The virus is spread easily through contact with infected feces, urine and respiratory secretions.
Rabies: is one of the first recognized infectious diseases causing vomiting, fever, anorexia, lethargy, disorientation, ataxia, and hypersalivation. The symptoms tend to progress quickly with death seen in 1-10 days of the appearance of clinical signs. There is no cure for the rabies virus and if clinical signs suggest rabies the animal should be immediately euthanatized.
Canine Parainfluenza: a highly contagious ‘dog flu’ infection. Parainfluenza is transmitted by airborne routes such as coughing and sneezing and contaminated objects. Symptoms include respiratory infection, cough, nasal and ocular discharge, sneezing, lethargy and
In 1994, a stable in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia broke out with an unknown respiratory disease that resulted in thirteen horses and one horse trainer severely ill, resulting in death. [7, 8] This disease was isolated by scientists and later classified as the Hendra virus. The Hendra virus (HeV), previously unknown, is now classified under the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus along with its sister viruses the Nipah Virus and Cedar virus.[7, 9] HeV has the capability of causing fatal diseases in several animal species including humans.[1] The primary host of the Hendra virus was identified as the flying fox species from the genus Pteropus[1,2,3] that resides and migrates through Northeastern Australia[8] or more specifically, the East coast of Australia to Melbourne and west across Northern Australia to Darwin[7].
Del Puerto, H. L., Martins, A., Vasconcelos, A. C., Milsted, A., Souza-Fagundes, E. M., Braz, G. F., et al. (n.d.). Canine distemper virus induces apoptosis in cervical tumor derived cell lines. http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/334. Retrieved January 29, 2014, from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=c0b3ec67-82b8-411a-a30b-
Rabies is a deadly virus that occurs in the brain. It can affect all mammals but the ones that are most commonly found with the virus are dogs, bats, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes. This means that any non-mammal can not contract the virus, such as fish, birds, and reptiles (2). The virus can be contracted by humans with saliva transfer with broken skin contact from an animal which has the disease. As this is the most common form of transferring the disease it is very believable that Tea Cake contracts the virus from the wild dog that “managed to bite [him] high up on his cheek bone once” (1). The rabies virus works by being a bullet shaped virus that directly attacks th...
Also called feline infectious eneritis, feline “distemper”, and feline ataxia or incoordination. Examples of other viruses belonging to the same genus as Feline panleukopenia virus include Canine parvovirus type 2, Porcine parvovirus, Mink enteritis virus, and Raccoon enteritis virus.
Normally, cows in Northern Europe in places such as Denmark live normal lives simply grazing on grass, and existing. However, there have been recent changes that have disrupted this normal activity. Generally the bluetongue virus (spread by Culicoides imicola, a biting midge) has been confined to Southern Europe and other places around the Mediterranean. But with the increase in temperature throughout the area, the midge has been allowed to migrate northward. This new pest is a nuisance and causes lots of difficulties to farmers in the area. When a cow contracts this disease, they usually also receive oral ulcers, salivation, stiffness, fever and eventually the inevitable- death (Merck Veterinary Manual NP). Because of the increase in temperature, midges have spread around the globe infecting livestock and creating terrible trouble for many farmers.
The most common way this disease is transmitted from one animal to the next is through mosquitoes. A mosquito carrying infective heartworm larvae bites a dog and transmits the infection to them. The larvae grow, develop, and migrate in the body over a period of 6 to 7 months, in which time they become sexually mature male and female worms. this is the prepatent period. The worms then reside in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. The worms begin to mate and release microfilaria into the blood stream. When a mosquito bites an infected dog it takes in some of the microfilaria in the blood. After 10 to 30 days there is larvae in the mosquito’s salivary gland which can then be passed on to the next dog the mosquito bites.
Nala, a two-year, eight-month-old spayed female Cane Corso was presented to Heritage Animal Hospital for vomiting on February 1, 2017. Her owner complained that she had not been able to hold any food down since January 31, 2017. Nala had a foreign body surgery last month here at the clinic. The owner informed our staff that Nala had a rash around her incision for roughly the past two weeks. The owner stated she does not believe her dog ingested anything. During the physical exam, Nala appeared quiet, alert, and responsive. The technician assessed the oral cavity and Nala had tacky mucous membranes and pink gums. The capillary refill time was quoted to be less than 2 seconds. The dental exam was clinically normal. The eyes were bright, clear,
Feline Leukemia Virus is caused by C-type RNA viruses (Padman S. Sarma & Robert J. Huebner, et al). It is what is known as a retrovirus, and it occurs in all species of cats. All retroviruses produce an enzyme that allows them to inject their genetic material into healthy cells, causing the once-healthy cell to become infected and take on properties of the virus (Feline Leukemia Virus). The name comes from the original attempt to understand the virus, and it was believed to be similar to leukemia in humans. By the time the actual cause of the virus was discovered the misnomer of “leukemia” had already become commonly used, and leukemia was then used as part of the virus’ official name. While the virus produces leukemia-like symptoms, it can also lead to cases of lymphoma (Raoul E. Benveniste & Charles J. Sherr, et al).
Rabies is the oldest infectious disease that is spread between species. Historical evidence of rabies dates from about 2300 BC. The first written record of rabies is in the Eshnunna code (ca.1930 BC), which states that owners of rabid dogs with symptoms of rabies should take preventative measures to keep their dog away from others. If a person were to be bitten and later become ill or die, the owner would be fined heavily. During this time and for many centuries to follow, it was commonplace to kill any animal or human who showed symptoms of the disease. Today rabies incidents involving dogs in the United States are rare, but there are increasing numbers of outbreaks among the wild animal population, notably in the southern states.
I hope I have helped you understand how canines get this disease and what your treatment options are. Also, the importance of keeping your pet on prevention.
The symptoms were blisters of the skins with puss and bleeding with high fever. The government was very aware and thought they had a vaccine but the micro-organism morphed into another pathogen that was airborn and the previous vaccine was no
If any of these symptoms are present in your dog, give your vet a call. The longer you wait, the greater the risk of further decay with the teeth and worsening gum disease.
The term “Man’s best friend” bring to mind the companionship, joy and unconditional love that a long time pet brings to your family. For most of us, a pet is truly a member of the household. So just like when your children get sick, your pet being sick is also a great concern, and you want to do your very best to do whatever it takes to make them well. Chihuahuas as a breed are prone to a severe disorder called hydrocephalus, w buildup of fluid in the brain. It is not a diagnosis you’ll want to receive, but it’s best to recognize the situation as early as possible.
Over the years all the constant inbreeding done to these poor animals has affected their health in terrible ways. As Kennel Clubs continued to inbreed dogs, the gene pool got smaller and smaller, which made the dogs sicker and sicker.