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Freedom and responsibility a term paper
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The Psychological Origins of the Doctrine of Double Effect The principle of double effect has some thoughts related to the medical office. The principle of double effect is an action that has two effects, good and another bad. This doctrine was created by Santo Tomas and then elaborated by the Psalmist theologians of the 16th century. There are many situations in which we are dubious because we must choose a good-minded and at the same time make some wrong, what we call in ethics; the collision of duties. Many times individuals must make decisions in which may feel uncomfortable or sometimes, for lack of discernment guilty. For example to fix a child for their well-being, but at the same time must be subjected to punishment is going to …show more content…
Choose between doing and not doing, or take a path or other (any choice implies a loss) suggests that the best ethics is that produces more benefits to all those involved. Reality has permanent and changing situations. The individual is a being bodily and spiritually able to configure his life with responsible freedom always referred to God, to others and the world, and all of this flows from circumstances, different situations that must respond to the practice of ethical virtues for its further development. Therefore, different situations do not arise for an ethical subjectivism, but precisely because human beings are imperfect, the various changes and circumstances are called or moral challenges to be major human being and a better person. The responsibility to choose and act according to the straight conscience as moral ultimacy in case of serious conflict that cannot delay and be determined. Even with the possibility of error, which means the ethics of well-understood situation, and what distinguishes one situation of another shall base on reciprocity, in the love for the
At times in a person’s life, they might come across a few situations that leave them with a major decision between two or more options that challenge what they believe or what they might think is wrong or right. These are known as ethical dilemmas. Be it seeing a friend steal something and choosing between being honest and speaking up or letting it go. It can also be getting paid more than you earned and deciding if you’re going to be greedy and keep the money or return it. We run into these situations in our lives, some bigger and more influential on our destiny’s while others are small with no real consequences.
Throughout this paper I will examine three different ethical views and interpret the ways in which one would respond to the scenario at hand. The initial ethical view is composed of cultural relativism. Another view is Kantian ethics. The final view involves utilitarianism. When presenting these views, I will describe each ethical view, and also I will speak abouts how a person who abides by the given ethical view would respond to the situation.
a dilemma is taking place due to its content. Based on moral obligations, the action to coming to
To conclude, personal choices are very significant in one’s life. In “The Use of Force”, by William Carlos Williams and “Lather and Nothing Else, by Hernando Tellez, both authors showed how people make their own judgments every day in life. However, the stories were different in certain cases because the decisions made by the individual caused the conflict to either end in an optimistic way or undesirable way. Personal choices are important because they help people solve conflicts, but the person must be careful if there personal choice they create is strong.
The doctrine of double effect is when a doctor or family member deliberately assists or encourages another person to kill themselves, they have assisted suicide (Queiro, 2014.) If they deliberately end other person’s life alleviate their suffering, they have
Virtue ethics is a moral theory that was first developed by Aristotle. It suggests that humans are able to train their characters to acquire and exhibit particular virtues. As the individual has trained themselves to develop these virtues, in any given situation they are able to know the right thing to do. If everybody in society is able to do the same and develop these virtues, then a perfect community has been reached. In this essay, I shall argue that Aristotelian virtue ethics is an unsuccessful moral theory. Firstly, I shall analyse Aristotelian virtue ethics. I shall then consider various objections to Aristotle’s theory and evaluate his position by examining possible responses to these criticisms. I shall then conclude, showing why Aristotelian virtue ethics is an unpractical and thus an unsuccessful moral theory in reality.
The act of medical responsibility originated in Rome and England dating back to the time of 2030 BC. The act states that a learned professional should always care with responsibility and care toward their profession. Around the year of 1200 AD, Roman law considered medical malpractice to be wrong and expanded their views about it all throughout Europe. It was said by the Code of Hammibal that if a person commits malpractice knowingly or unknowingly they would lose their job, hand, and an eye. Malpractice had also occurred throughout the U.S around the 19th century, due to the negligence of the state’s governments. Medical malpractice litigation has since been sustained for a century and a half by an interacting combination of 6 principal factors.” “Three of these factors are medical: the innovative pressures on American medicine, the spread of uniform standards, and the advent of medical malpractice liability insurance.” “Three are legal factors: contingent fees, citizen juries, and the nature of tort pleading in the United State.” (Mohr). The U.S is very familiar with malpractice b...
...ng stressed. Option 1 may lead to excessive pressure on doctors, and hence poor performance in service delivery. In medical field, it is necessary to allow the doctors to perform accurately on a consistent basis.
This principle is heavily rooted in Catholic moral tradition, and Thomas Aquinas outlines the four conditions one must consider when an act has both good and bad effects: 1) The act must be inherently good, or at least morally neutral; 2) The bad effect may be anticipated, but not intended; 3) The good effect must not be achieved by means of the bad effect; and 4) There must be a proportionately grave reason for allowing the bad effect (Summa Theologica (II-II, Qu. 64, Art.7)). The example above about the woman with MS is an example of a situation with a double effect. Perhaps one of the most commonly cited examples is that of pain management at the end of life and the inadvertent suppression of respiration with the use of high doses of potentially lethal medication. Many health care professionals rely on the principle of the double effect to explain why these actions are permissible (Latimer, 1991). In Thomson’s report, she refers to this example and asserts that determining the legal permissibility of administering such a lethal dose should depend only on the patient’s condition and wishes. She goes on to say that weighing the permissibility of the action on whether the doctor would do so intending death or only intending relief from pain is an “absurdity” (Thomson,
Throughout life, one will use ethics to make decisions, solve dilemmas and determine right from wrong, without consciously knowing. During this semester in my Ethics course, I have closely studied the four “Steps of Ethical Analysis” created by Ruggeiro and Lonergan’s system of “Operations of Consciousness”. These similar concepts merge into one framework because both focus on the way humans make choices throughout their lives. In this essay, I will go more in-depth about the ethical frameworks Ruggerio and Lonergan created and show how they closely relate in solving an ethical dilemma.
According to the idea of the ‘state of nature’ humans are primarily driven by self-interest── suggesting that self-interest is intuitive (Thomas 134). When one’s morality comes in conflict with their immediate self-interest, they are presented with a choice. If self-interest is intuitive, it could be thought that they would choose the latter. However, to act in accordance with the morally right is also in alignment with their self interest because 1. Being known to have made an immoral decision would cause censure from others, and 2.
Cognitive psychology is based on how mental processes such as perception, attention, language, memory and thinking occurs in the brain .Attention refers to the way we actively process specific information in our environment. When referring to selective attention one of the most widely looked at and replicated studies is the stroop effect , which was carried out by and also named after John Ridley Stroop(1935). The stroop effect by definition is a demonstration of interference in the reaction time of a task. In his experiment, Stroop administered two different sheets to the seventy participants.
In this life, some people do not have the option of miss-executing the orders given to them. Some people have habits that make them feel bad when they do something wrong, but many people feel good even though they are doing something wrong. Mostly, most people follow habits and traditions, sometimes they are wrong, yet they work with them and do not care about the consequences. However, many studies have shown that these values are affected and developed beyond childhood. People make ethical decision by flowing beliefs their ethics even though they put them at difficult situation.
In this assignment we will be identifying an ethical dilemma an individual has experienced. We will begin with a short introduction of what an ethical dilemma is, moving on to providing brief details of the dilemma an individual has experienced. We will then go on to selecting one ethical theory, to show how it can help an individual understand and deal with the situation when placed within, followed by a conclusion.
We all know there is right and wrong, and that we should focus on doing what is right. However, in many cases such as these two provided to us for this assignment, choosing good has some serious consequences. Unfortunately, life gives us difficult situations, and some cannot always avoid the negative outcomes or side effects that come with the positive action. As individuals, we should strive to avoid evil, and seek good. Although the situations had some negative consequences, in these cases, the good actions were taken according to the principle of double