Psychological distance refers to how long ago a certain event may feel to a person as oppose to how long ago that actual event was. Psychological distance was first considered to examine ones self-esteem (Janssen, Hearne, Takarangi, 2015). People with high self-esteem generally remember events in which they are proud of with strong scene of emotion and feeling (Janssen, Hearne, Takarangi, 2015). The purpose of this study is to find out whether adults who have been diagnosed with major depression are more likely to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) because of negative events from the past. Physiological distance plays a huge role in finding out whether past events relate to ones depression, however one with high self-esteem is not …show more content…
Selecting the subject otherwise, i.e. through certain groups of people or even personal friend would make the experiment unethical. I will use random selection to select my participants; more specifically I will select 100 participants, being women, from a population of over 500 women living in a battered women’s shelter. The women chosen to be in the study must range from the age 22-44. I will then put 50 in a group and the other half in another based on a color selection from a box of 50 blue cards and 50 red cards. I will be sure to have all sorts of different ages in each group to maintain validity. Once I gather my first half of participants, I will take these participants and have them answer a questionnaire to begin the study. These women will answer questions based on nothing but what can be seen as positivity, asking only about positive events and specifics of those events. The only thing that may damage the outcome of the experiment would be the fact that some participants are older than others by a substantial amount, meaning that they have had more opportunity to experience positive to somehow look over negative event provoking depression, as oppose to the younger participants who potentially could have been going through things and haven’t had a chance to endure into positive
The study took advantage of an oppressed and vulnerable population that was in need of medical care. Some of the many ethical concerns of this experiment were the lack of informed consent, invasion of privacy, deception of participants, physical harm, mental harm, and a lack of gain versus harm. One ethical problem in this experiment was that the benefits did not outweigh the harm to participants. At the conclusion of the study there were virtually no benefits for the participants or to the treatment of syphilis. We now have
Antwone Fisher presents characteristics consistent with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 271). The American Psychiatric Association described the characteristics of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, as “the development of characteristic symptoms following exposure to one or more traumatic events” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 271). The American Psychological Association (2013) outlines the criterion for diagnosis outlined in eight diagnostic criterion sublevels (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, pp. 271-272). Criterion A is measured by “exposure to actual or threatened” serious trauma or injury based upon one or more factors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.
Boone, Katherine. "The Paradox of PTSD." Wilson Quarterly. 35.4 (2011): 18-22. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Depression shifts ones focus off the necessity to belong in life onto the thinking one never can.
“Studies show that PTSD occurs in 1%-14% of the population. It can be diagnosed at any age, and can occ...
The investigators sought out potential subjects through referrals from psychiatric hospitals, counseling centers, and psychotherapists. All potential subjects were screened with a scripted interview and if they met all the inclusion criteria they met with an investigator who administered the Clinical-Administered PTSD Scale(CAPS) to provide an accurate diagnosis. In the end the study ended up with 12 subject, 10 females and 2 males with a mean age of 41.4, that met the criteria for PTSD with treatment resistant symptoms, which were shown with a CAPS score of greater than or equal to 50.
Williamson, J. S. (2008). Depression. Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 88(1), 18-18, 24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.library.capella.edu/docview/235187495?accountid=27965
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is defined by our book, Abnormal Psychology, as “an extreme response to a severe stressor, including increased anxiety, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal.” In the diagnosis of PTSD, a person must have experienced an serious trauma; including “actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation.” In the DSM-5, symptoms for PTSD are grouped in four categories. First being intrusively reexperiencing the traumatic event. The person may have recurring memories of the event and may be intensely upset by reminders of the event. Secondly, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, either internally or externally. Third, signs of mood and cognitive change after the trauma. This includes blaming the self or others for the event and feeling detached from others. The last category is symptoms of increased arousal and reactivity. The person may experience self-destructive behavior and sleep disturbance. The person must have 1 symptom from the first category, 1 from the second, at least 2 from the third, and at least 2 from the fourth. The symptoms began or worsened after the trauma(s) and continued for at least one
The current criteria for assessment of PTSD is only suitable if criterion A is met. Every symptom must be bound to the traumatic event through temporal and/or contextual evidence. The DSM-5 stipulates that to qualify, the symptoms must begin (criterion B or C) or worsen (symptom D and E) after the traumatic event. Even though symptoms must be linked to a traumatic event, this linking does not imply causality or etiology (Pai, 2017, p.4). The changes made with the DSM-5 included increasing the number of symptom groups from three to four and the number of symptoms from 17 to 20. The symptom groups are intrusion, avoidance, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and alterations in arousal and
O'Grady, M. (2010). Depression History, Depression Vulnerability, and the Experience of Everyday Negative Events. Journal Of Social & Clinical Psychology, 29(9), 949-974.
There are ethical constraints on the use of human participants that you must follow if you wish to try this with people. 1. What is the difference between a. and a. Do not collect any identifying information about your participants. The answers to these questions should be anonymous. Even though you may know the person, do NOT record any identifying information.
“Women are two times more likely to develop depressive symptoms then men”(Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women’s Health, 1990), and women who are among the child-bearing years tend to be more at risk. However this is not to say that men are not affected by depression. It is usually, because of negative social influences, such as economic instability, and/or the inability to handle stress in their lives.
Depression is the most common mental health disorder; it affects over 17 million American adults each year. Depression is a mood disorder characterized by at least four symptoms such as changes in sleep, appetite, weight, and psychomotor activity; decreased energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, thoughts or attempts. “Women are approximately two times more likely than men to suffer from major depression” (Research Agenda for Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women’s Health, 1996) and it has been called the most significant mental health risk for women. Women are more likely to suffer from depression during marriage than if single, unlike men who are more likely to suffer depression when single than married, and increases with the number of children in the house (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, p.317). There are many contributing factors to depression in women including but not limited to: hormonal, genetic, infertility, menopause, family responsibilities, gender roles, sexual abuse, work related issues, and financial problems. (National Institute of Mental Health, June 1999). Depression in women is mentally and physically painful but has treatment options available.
On page 8 of the book excerpt "Perceiving and Responding to Differences," Gonzalez-Mena asks the following question: Why is transformative education a better approach than simple parent education in the face of cultural differences? " Consider what you have learned about transformative education from this reading and then respond to the author's question considering not only parent education but your own education as well. From the book excerpt “Perceiving and Responding to Differences,” Gonzalez-Mena (2008) states that transformative education occurs when two people or groups come together and interact in such a way that both are transformed, and has a desired effect in the presence of diversity (p. 25). Transformative education is a better approach than simple parent education in the face of cultural differences because it helps to support the entire development of the child. Transformative education allows for all involved to be equally respected by the teacher, parents, and the children.
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.