The human body contains various digestive enzymes that aid in the absorption and break down of food in the body. During digestion, food is broken down in stages by a series of chemical reactions that starts from the mouth and ends at the anal sphincter. These chemical reactions are assisted by digestive enzymes, which are a group of enzymes that break down macromolecules into smaller building molecules, to facilitate their absorption by the body. The pancreas is a special organ in the body that produces the enzymes and supply them to different parts of the body such as stomach and small intestine for further digestion and absorption of food. This experiment was conducted to test the optimum pH at which the two protease enzymes pepsin and trypsin …show more content…
To perform this experiment with precision and to get successful results, 6 test tubes were used which were labelled as C-2, C-8, P-2, P-8, T-2, and T-8. The letters before the numerical value indicating whether the test tube was a control group or whether it contained one of the protease enzymes. The letter “C” represented the control group, the letter “P” represented the presence of protease enzyme pepsin and the letter “T” indicates the presence of the protease enzyme trypsin in the test tubes. The numerical value beside each letter signified whether the test tube contained an acid or base besides the enzymes and the piece of boiled egg white (with the exception of control groups as those included water instead of the protease enzymes). The numerical value of 2 illustrates that an acid was present in the test tube, and the numerical value of 8 depicts that the base was present in the test tube. The egg whites were precisely cut in small pieces and the same sizes were cut for every test tube to avoid any mistakes in the experiment. The measurements of the dimensions of the egg whites were taken in meters before and after the experiment to record the changes. The two egg whites were then added to each of the test tubes along with the labelled enzymes, acid, and base, except that instead of enzymes water was added in the control test tubes to compare the results
The purpose of this study is to analyze the activity of the enzyme, catalase, through our understanding
Now the Cheetos have entered the stomach. The process of breaking down carbohydrates has already begun in the mouth and now more chemical and mechanical digestion will take place in the stomach. Once the bolus has entered the stomach, it mixes with gastric juice, starts protein digestion, and absorbs a limited amount. Here the chief cells secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen and the parietal calls secrete hydrochloric acid. When mixed together, they create pepsin. The pepsin works to breakdown the two grams of protein present in the Cheetos. Hormones are also present in the stomach and aid in the digestion process. The hormone, gastrin, increases the secretory activity of gastric glands. In the stomach, some salt from the Cheetos is absorbed through the wall. The Cheetos that entered the stomach has no...
During the digestion process, Trypsin acts with the other Protease enzymes to
Investigation on the Enzyme Trypsin An Investigation determining a factor affecting the rate of digestion of gelatin by the protease trypsin. Introduction An enzyme is a biological catalyst, which speeds up reactions. An example of this in the human body is trypsin (a protease produced in the pancreas and used in the stomach), which catalyses the digestion of gelatine, a protein. For this investigation, a photographic film will be the source of the gelatine. I will be able to identify when the gelatine is digested, when the photographic film turns from a dark brown colour, to being transparent.
The purpose of this experiment was to discover the specificity of the enzyme lactase to a spec...
The independent variable for this experiment is the enzyme concentration, and the range chosen is from 1% to 5% with the measurements of 1, 2, 4, and 5%. The dependant variable to be measured is the absorbance of the absorbance of the solution within a colorimeter, Equipments: Iodine solution: used to test for present of starch - Amylase solution - 1% starch solution - 1 pipette - 3 syringes - 8 test tubes – Stop clock - Water bath at 37oc - Distilled water- colorimeter Method: = == ==
The purpose of the following experiments is to study if the specificity of the enzyme and the effect of environment on the lactase functio...
The purpose of the experiment is to test the specificity of the enzyme lactase. To test the specificity we used lactose and sucrose and checked for glucose in the solution. The next procedure in our experiment is to test for pH and environmental factors and their effects on lactase. We then tested lactase with lactose in contrasting environments and temperatures. The prediction made for specificity was that lactase was only specific to lactose. We also concluded that sucrose and lactose as well as sucrose and water solution would be the highest concentration for glucose.
Insulin also tell the liver to shut down sugar production. It also influences the metabolism of fats and proteins. Second, glucagon is a peptide hormone secreted by alpha cells. If blood sugar a hormone is low, the pancreas releases glucagon that tells the body’s cell and liver to release stored sugars back into the bloodstream. Pancreas produce enzymes which is protein such as amylase, protease and lipases. It used to speed up the biochemical reactions and helps to digest macromolecules into much smaller molecules so the intestines can absorb them easily. Amylase is divide carbohydrates or starches to create energy-rich sugars such as glucose. Protease is helps to splits up proteins into amino acids. Lipases is helps break down fatty substances. Digestive enzymes are so strong, so a protective layer is need to wrap the enzyme while enzyme are travel to reach gastrointestinal tract from the pancreas. They travel through the pancreatic ducts and are eventually released into the duodenum at the most of papilla. The digestive enzyme become active after the protective layer is removed when they totally out of
Enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction with greatest efficiency within a narrow range of pH.The effect of pH on protein digestion with pepsin is a protein digestion enzyme in (gastric juice) operate between a low pH range. The reason being most enzymes in the human body work best within a narrow range of temperature near 40 degrees celsius.
The exocrine function of the pancreas is that it produces enzymes that aids in the digestion of food. There are three important enzymes that are crucial in helping with digestion. The first digestive enzyme is amylase. Amylase function is to break down carbohydrates. The amylase enzyme is made in two places: the cells in the digestive tract that produces saliva and the main one specifically found in the pancreas that are called the pancreatic amylase (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). The amylase in the pancreas passes through the pancreatic duct to the small intestines. This amylase in the pancreas completes the process of digestion of carbohydrates. Consequently, this leads to the production of glucose that gets absorbed into the bloodstream and gets carried throughout the body. The next enzyme that aids in digestion of food is protease. While amylase breaks down carbohydrates, protease breaks down protein. Protease breaks down protein into the building block form of amino acids. The three main proteases that it produces are: pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin (Marie, Joanne; Media Demand, “What Are the Functions of Amylase, Protease and Lipase Digestive Enzymes”). Pepsin does not occur in the pancreas but it is the catalysis in starting the digestion of proteins. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are the two proteases that occur in
This lab involved several experiments over the span of many weeks. The overall intent of the lab was to be the successful purification of a protein. Specifically, the purification of the enzyme acid phosphatase from wheat germ. Through three major steps we were able to perform this purification. The steps involved were disrupting the source cell, selectively purifying the enzyme from contamination, and finally preserving the original structure of the enzyme and preventing degradation. Aliquots, or small volumes, of the solution were collected from each step in the purification process for enzyme activity and protein content. These calculated values were then used to determine the specific activity, which can be used to analyze the specific
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
All biological processes require a constant supply of energy. The fabrication and regulation of energy is a result of catalytic reactions that occur in cells by enzymes. Enzymes typically contain a few active sites that enable substrates (reactants) to bind to their designated enzyme and form an enzyme-substrate complex, to then release the product (Alberte J. , Pitzer T. , Calero K.). In order for an enzyme to release a product, the reactant molecules must absorb enough energy from their surroundings to reach the unstable transition state and form new bonds at a faster rate without the denaturization of the enzyme. Enzymes have sets of conditions at which they are enabled to work properly, known as the optimal condition. For experiment 4,
At the end of thirty seconds, the strips and their new coloration had to be compared to the chart provided, which helps to determine the amount of glucose in mg/dL. Results: 8.3 The results for enzyme specificity were determined by the amount of glucose present in the lactose and maltose microfuge tubes. Inside the lactose labeled tube, the average glucose measurement was 1,700 mg/dl. (Table 1)