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Ethnic conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Sunčica Šanjević Case brief
Prosecutor v. Todorovic
Facts : On 17 April 1992, Serbian military force has taken control over the Bosanski Samac in Bosnia and Herzegovina and has undertaken a campaign of terrorism whic was designed to make Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats to go away from area of Bosanski Samac. The forcible takeovesr by Serb force of towns & villages inhabited by nonSerbian people, the murders, sexual assault and beating of non Serbian civils detained in many detention camps of region, the unlawfully made detentions and confinement of nonSerbian civils under horrible conditions on political, or religious beliefs, the cruel and inhumane treatments of nonSerb civils including beating, tortureing, forced labour and confinements under inhumane condition, the interrogations of nonSerbian civilians who were arrested or detained and forced them to sign false and coerced statement,the deportations, forced transfers and expulsions of nonSerb civils from their homes , the issuance of order and directive which violated the rights of non Serb civils to equalize treatments under law and which infringed their enjoyments of basic and fundamental right.
Stevan Todorović was actually Chief of Police in Bosanski Šamac in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Procedural history : On 29.11.2000, motion was filed on his behalf with the prosecutions informing the Trial Chamber of the agreement that was made as to entry of a guilty plea's to counts of persecutions as a crime against humanity and the withdrawal of all other charges taken against Todorovic.
On 13.12. 2000, Stevan Todorović was pleaded guilty before Judge Robinsons, and confirmed his guilty plea before the full Trial Chamber o...
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...ore severe penalty. The gravity of Todorovic's criminal conduct was aggravated by superior position of him and by manner in which the crimes were committed. That's why, in the Chambers opinion, his crime was particularly grave.
While mitigating factors were given considerable weight in the determining of the sentence , the Chamber wishes to emphasise that it is in no way detracting from the gravity of Todorovic's crime.Chamber is considering that Todorovic's timely plea of guilt and his substantial cooperations with the Prosecutor are very important as mitigating factors in this case. Basicaly ithout these factors, he would receive much harder and longer sentence. The Chamber has also took into consideration the mitigation of sentence Todorovic's expression of remorse, which it has accepted as sincere and also was important factor in lowering his sentence.
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"I shall show you what happens to people who defy the laws of the land! In the tribunal everybody is equal, here there is no regard for rank or position. The great torture shall be applied to you!" (194)
It will first do so by giving a summary of the R. v. Boghossian case and explain any relevant criminal code sections. Secondly it will connect the common themes of past literature reviews to Mr. Remy Boghossian's case. Lastly, it will apply the General Strain Theory to the case of R. v. Boghossain to further attempt to explain Mr. Boghossian's behavior. Based on the findings of the literature reviews and evidence found when applying general strain theory, it can be concluded that Mr. Boghossain's behavior parallels the behavior of people who commit
This trial was between a group called the Mau Mau and Great Britain. Great Britain colonized Kenya in 1895. Great Britain's colonization of Kenya had major effects, good and bad.But in the early 1900’s, the Kenyans wanted independence. They formed a independence group called the Mau Mau. The Mau Mau were mostly made up of a tribe called the Kikuyu. As they tried peaceful protests and demonstrations, the Mau Mau were usually attacked by the British. Britain believed in order to stop the Mau Mau from their independence movement and the violence they were causing on the Britain's, Britain needed to use force. The purpose of this trial was not to make a decision about if Britain's violence was justifiable or not, but to figure out if the Mau Maus
Plea bargaining has emerged very early in history, and it has played an important role in the contemporary criminal justice system. Indeed, plea bargaining is a “necessary evil” because it brings advantage to all sides including the prosecutor, defendant and the court judges. Its necessity does not constitute its constitutionality, however, and plea bargaining should be limited in certain cases because it can be problematic in various aspects. In light of its inevitability, a categorization system can be employed to limit the use of plea bargaining and ensure its fair use, and that there should be specific guidelines of plea bargaining in each category of crime. In this paper, the definition and necessity of plea bargaining as well as its potential problems are discussed first. Then the paper would introduce the categorization system that originated from a comparative perspective. The specifics of the system would be discussed, and finally, its limitations and suggested further research or development.
Gennaro Santangelo’s criticism of Crime and Punishment fully inspects the motives behind Raskolnikov’s murder, the driving influence on the plot of the book, but he only partially probes the resultant ramifications that emerge in the forms of choices that Raskolnikov makes that resolve the failures of his original goals. Overall, in the context of the paper’s subject, the information Santangelo chooses to include and omit make sense, but the crucial results, or how Raskolnikov eventually reverses his original motivations, are insufficiently appraised. Santangelo’s essay, however fascinating, seems like it does not tell the complete story, that it needs a complementary work to fulfill its purpose. That work, should it have properly met its goal, is beginning to
In closing, the criminal trial process has been able to reflect the morals and ethics of society to a great extent, despite the few limitations, which hinder its effectiveness. The moral and ethical standards have been effectively been reflected to a great extent in the areas of the adversary system, the system of appeals, legal aid and the jury
Bennett, Christopher Michael. "Bosnia and Herzegovina." Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005.World History in Context. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.
Hoare, Marko A. "Bosnia-Herzegovina and International Justice: Past Failures and Future Solutions." East European Politics and Societies 24.191 (2010). SAGE Journals Online. Web. 18 Apr. 2011.
He was 17 years old at this time. He was sentenced to only 10 years, despite the fact that this action ruins the victim. The article portrays the idea that juveniles, especially migrant juveniles such as this one, should be treated leniently. They should receive education instead of imprisonment, according to them. This may be true, but this person should be imprisoned for a very long time as well as closely monitored after his release. Education, rehabilitation, and an attempt at redemption should be taken advantage of by everyone who has the chance, but some people are not able to handle all of that. Maybe these things are not meant for those people, but there is good in everyone. Perpetrators should always have another chance to pursue a normal life, but should have to spend their life confined if they cannot successfully function
In history, crimes have been dealt with by the justice system according to its severity as well as the offender: if the crime committed was not very serious and the offender was deemed “non-delinquent”, or “free of any real criminal disposition”, they would be cautioned or fined. However, were the crime a more serious one and the offender appeared to have a “criminal character”, they would receive more severe and more deterrent punishment (Garland, 2001: 42).
Originally, the essay directed towards the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I as a criticism of Italy’s legal system. This sparked interest among Italians, for those who were familiar with Beccaria’s political work prior to the publication. Though there were most people that were not fond of his work. He acknowledges the acceptance of cruelty to some nations on how they practice torture during pre-trial. Whether it is to force a confession of the crime they alleged committed, his/her accomplices of the alleged crime, and/or to expose him/her of other crimes they committed, but with which him/her has not actually being charged of. He goes into saying that no man should be presumed guilty before a judge, because of the dilemma to whether the accused actually committed the crime or not. Beccaria weighed in on the question of how a judge has the authority to inflict punishment on those accused, while there is doubt that the person may or may not be guilty. Within the essay, he also asserts the fact on how the punishment must fit the crime rather than being a source of vengeance. Towards the end of the essay, Beccaria professes that no confession should be made under torture, making it invalid if it is not under a sworn validation. He concludes that torture should not be useful at all before conviction, only after
(a) Prosecutors have nearly limitless discretion in the most critical matters they must consider, yet they are held to very high ethical standards.
Imagine waking up one day to the thundering of blows given at the door telling you to “open up or be shot down.” It is the Serb police, and they are telling you that you and your whole family had to leave your home immediately. This is how it went for many Albanian people during what some Serb extremists called “demographic genocide.” This was the beginning of what many would call the Kosovo War, and it lasted from March to June 1999. After NATO’s intervention in Kosovo, something strange happened. Now the people being victimized were the Serbs and anyone who was “friendly” to them. In this paper, I will speak about what happened before and after the war in Kosovo.
The majority of Raskolnikov’s theory seems logical until the reader arrives at its single essential flaw. Raskolnikov’s idea that “the enactment of a crime is invariably accompanied by illness”(311) was one aspect of the theory which, through its accuracy in Raskolnikov’s crime, seemed to lend validity to the entirety of the theory; several brief experiences with “faintness” on the character Raskolnikov’s behalf, insinuate the veracity of his ideas.
In this essay, Beccaria requested a different approach towards punishment and argued against the barbaric methods of punishment and the use of torture on criminals. Beccaria’s classical approach viewed criminals as free agents who make rational decisions when they commit crimes and not because they are evil. He believed that the punishment that criminals would receive ,should be proportional to the crime and the harm they have caused to someone and that the law should be applied equally to all people. Torture and capital punishment was brutal and cruel for Beccaria because his goal was to prevent people for committing crimes and not to punish them by using these methods. ( An introduction to criminological theory - Roger Hopkins Burke