A toxin, produced by an animal, can be a toxicant to humans, but it can also provide some favorable uses as well. Present one such example. Cone snails are some of the most toxic animals in the world. Cone snails have a small range in the reefs of the Indo-Pacific area. Anyone who gets stung by one of these snails likely has only a few minutes to live. However, cone snail venoms are made up of conotoxins, biologically active peptides that target neurons and muscles. Snail venom used to paralyze the prey so because of their compounds with medicinal properties cone snail can help to dismiss the cancer and produce approximately hundreds of more powerful morphine. Tornio, S. (n.d.). 5 venomous animals that could save your life. Retrieved
“Taxonomically speaking, a lobster is a marine crustacean of the family Homaridae, characterized by five pairs of jointed legs, the first pair terminating in large pincerish claws used for subduing prey…. Moreover, a crustacean is an aquatic arthropod of the class Crustacea, which comprises of crabs, shrimp, barnacles, lobsters, and freshwater crayfish” (Wallace, 55). This is an example of Logos since the author uses scientific facts to convey the message he wants to communicate in an objective way. Wallace also uses logos as a persuasive device by presenting facts on the science of the lobster’s neurological system and its ability to feel pain. The Maine Lobster Promotion Council states “The nervous system of a lobster is very simple, and is in fact most similar to the nervous system of a grasshopper. It is decentralized with no brain. There is no cerebral cortex, which in humans is the area of the brain that gives the experience of pain”. Wallace counter-argues this statement by mentioning the fact that since lobsters have a simpler nervous system compared to humans, they are unable to produce their own natural opiates. “One can conclude that lobsters are maybe even more vulnerable to pain, since they lack mammalian nervous systems’ built-in analgesia, or, instead, that the absence of natural opioids implies an absence of the really intense
P.J. (Bert) Hakkinen, D. K. (2002). Alternatives to animal testing: information resources via the. Toxicology, 3-11
Simpson LL. Identification of the characteristics that underlie botulinum toxin potency: implications for designing novel drugs. Biochimie 2000:82: 943-953.
Alan Goldberg. “Alternatives to Animals in Toxicity Testing.” Ed. Jeanne Williams. Scientific American Inc: 1989. Print.
Ever since ancient times , poisons have been used for many purposes across the extent of human existence. Throughout its history , poisons/venoms were first used by ancient tribes & civilizations as a hunting tool to ensure a quick death of their prey. As the years progress , venoms were commonly used in fictional films , initially starting out in the United States. Venoms are poisonous substances that come from venomous creatures such as snakes & spiders. Most of the times, when venoms/poisons are used in movies , it is categorized as Sci - Fi. The reason being is because usually the toxins being used are fictional and whom the toxin used by , the toxin turns them (character) into a supernatural character with supernatural abilities. If this is not the case , then the toxin does what it’s suppose to do , which is to poison the victim and kills he/she.
Poisons come in different forms and act in different ways. They can act locally, absorption through the body, or both. There are three different categories that poisons are put into: inorganic, organic, and asphyxiants...
Euglandia rosea, or the Rosy Wolf Snail is an invasive terrestrial snail characterized by its oval shaped, pink, translucent shell and long thin body. It is usually around 7 centimeters in length, 6 centimeters in height and 2 centimeters in width. They are hermaphroditic and “lay approximately 25-40 eggs per year.” (Chhun) This snail is best known for its taste for the flesh of other snail and mollusc species, and has even been known to engage in cannibalistic behavior. This snail possess a set elongated lips that resemble tentacles called “oral lappets” which are used to track prey through the taste of the slime trails left behind by other snails. Wolf Snails do not distinguish between their own species
Some examples of products that worked for animals that didn't work for humans are Rexar, Celebrex, Enbrel, Zafirlukast, and many other products (Greek). These products did not have a good outcome on humans. Rexar resulted in seven deaths and cardiovascular events. Celebrex resulted in ten deaths and eleven cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Enbrel resulted in infections and death and Zafirlukast resulted in some people getting Churg-Strauss Syndrome (Greek). Animals have to go through many tests and each test has a purpose. An example of one test is a test that is supposed to be used for the beginning stages of cancer. The animals that is used for this test is mice or rats. During this test, the mice or rats are force fed a substance for fourteen days in a row. After being fed the substance, samples of bone marrow are taken from the animals to look at genetic changes ("8 Reasons Why Animals Testing Doesn't Help Humans"). Another example of a test is a test that is supposed to be for birth defects. Rabbits or rats are used for this procedure. A pregnant rabbit or rat is force fed throughout her pregnancy. The female is then killed the day before she is expected to give birth. After this, the pups are examined for any possible abnormalities ("8 Reasons Why Animal Testing Doesn't Help Humans"). Chemicals are also used on animals ("Product Testing: Toxic and
Although animals have helped form useful medicines for humans like anesthesia, they have also helped put dangerous drugs on the market (AMPEF 1). Practolol, a drug for heart disorders that passed animal test was pulled off the shelves when the drug caused blindness in people. Also, arsenic, which is toxic and causes cancer in humans, has not caused cancer in any animals that were tested (PETA 1).
...f the product is given to a human through the skin. It is said that this could be a new and very effective alternative to Animal Experiments. Scientist have grown a small piece of human liver tissue from stem cells which might one may be possible to perform initial ‘human’ safety trails in a lab. I suppose that if the laws on the necessity for animal testing were relaxed, it would encourage the scientist to develop other methods of testing toxicity that were equally effective. There are alternatives, it is just whether or not the scientist will peruse them.
Animal experiment is an important issue that people concern about before purchasing the product or service. Many animals are used in the experiments for medical test and safe test of new products. They are usually locked into a cage with loneliness, painful and fear surrounded. The locked animals may pull out their fur or biting themselves which is caused by the mental health problems. Also, some experiments may require dropping the chemical on the rabbits’ eyes. This can lead to painful since their eyes are very sensitive. There will be physical and mental problem caused by it. It is believed that using animals as a tool for experiments is morally wrong which have no proof of the positive effects to the society.
b. when it comes to toxicity they need to breed, test, and dispose animals as hazardous waste
Toxicology is the investigation of the unfavourable impacts of chemicals on living creatures. Forensic toxicology takes it above and beyond, including various related controls to aid in the location and elucidation of pills and harms poisons and drugs in medico legitimate passing examinations, human execution issues; e.g.,
Every year, millions of animals experience painful, suffering and death due to results of scientific research as the effects of drugs, medical procedures, food additives, cosmetics and other chemical products. Basically, animal experimentation has played a dominant role in leading with new findings and human advantages. Animal research has had a main function in many scientific and medical advances in the past decade and is helping in the understanding of several diseases. While most people believe than animal testing is necessary, others are worried about the excessive suffering of this innocent’s creatures. The balance between the rights of animals and their use in medical research is a delicate issue with huge societal assumptions. Nowadays people are trying to understand and take in consideration these social implications based in animals rights. Even though, many people tend to disregard animals that have suffered permanent damage during experimentation time. Many people try to misunderstand the nature of life that animals just have, and are unable to consider the actual laboratory procedures and techniques that these creatures tend to be submitted. Animal experimentation must be excluded because it is an inhumane way of treat animals, it is unethical, and exist safer ways to test products without painful test.