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Benjamin Barber explains how there are two possible political futures and they are both threatening to democracy. The first is the retribalization of humankind which will pit tribe against tribe and culture against culture. He calls the concept a Jihad. Jihad is most commonly known as the religious duty of Muslims to maintain their religion, usually in the form of war against nonbelievers. The second is the idea that nations are pressing together to form one global network due to the uniformity caused by advanced technology that can connect people from all over the world. He calls this concept McWorld. According to Barber, the world is coming together and falling apart at the very same moment because the tendencies of Jihad and McWorld can …show more content…
The reason markets are important to McWorld is because national economies are now vulnerable to larger, multinational markets where trade is free and currencies can be converted. Barber argues that this could be an issue because markets should reflect the common behaviors of the people around them, including the language and currency. He also says these transnational markets can create people who see their culture as a minimal part of their working identity. The second necessity needed in order to create McWorld is the resource imperative. All countries would rather be self-sufficient and independent when it comes to resources. For example, the United States would much rather have the ability to drill its own oil then to buy from Saudi Arabia, however, this is a resource unavailable in the United States. Countries rely on other countries for resources, which ties many countries who could otherwise be …show more content…
I think reading it at this time now, we can see that this theory is even more relevant on both ends. Technology has abundantly increased and more and more countries have become even more modernized. The part I found the most interesting was when Barber talks about the irony of nationalism. During my life time, nationalism was at it’s peak during the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentegon. However, this rush of unification lead to the alienation of Muslim people, or people who looked like they were from the Middle East. I remember my close friend from school, Zainub, was bullied in school and called a terrorist because her parents were from Pakistan and she practiced Islam. I thought this was an excellent review and prediction that perfectly correlates with today’s current issues, namely Isis. This was a perspective I had never considered and I am interested to see what else Barber has written since this piece because I really found this paper to be insightful and very
In his essay, Rodriguez believes that the diplomatic affairs we see on the evening news are merely being disguised as a religious war. The fight over oil or land when in reality it is the fight between whose side God is on, the attacks under the control of Al Qaeda when perhaps it’s the greed for power or world domination. According to Richard, these religious wars are allowing terrorism to become prevalent; often times within the same culture (147).
Moreover, economic interdependence promotes peaceful trade between countries since it is beneficial and avoids war at all cost. For example, “China’s economy is thoroughly integrated in this complex interdependence global economy,” thus it would be suicidal for China to start war (Wong, The Rise of Great Powers, Nov.18). China free trades with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and has developed a profitable relationship that led to trade surplus (Kaplan, pg.3). As a result, starting conflicts with the ASEAN will threaten the Chinese economy because it will drastically impact free trade and will cause a downfall in profits. The possibility of war between China and United States is remote because China would rather benefit from resources such as, security, technology, and market that United States provides (Wong, The Rise of Great Powers, Nov.18). Although economic power shifts to China, United States provides security because it has always been the dominant hegemony; therefore, it has a better and powerful economy (Green, pg.34). It is evident that China’s economy is rapidly increasing, but it still has no interest in being the head hegemony and therefore does not challenge United States. That being said, countries choose to avoid conflicts with United States or their trading partners since it will negatively impact their markets and investments.
Religion is a part of society that is so closely bound to the rest of one’s life it becomes hard to distinguish what part of religion is actually being portrayed through themselves, or what is being portrayed through their culture and the rest of their society. In Holy Terrors, Bruce Lincoln states that religion is used as a justifiable mean of supporting violence and war throughout time (Lincoln 2). This becomes truly visible in times such as the practice of Jihad, the Reformation, and 9/11. The purpose of this essay is to show that as long as religion is bound to a political and cultural aspect of a community, religious war and destruction will always occur throughout the world. A historical methodology will be deployed in order to gain
Benjamin Franklin, through hard work and perseverance, transformed himself into a philosopher, diplomat, inventor, writer, and scientist. (SOURCE) Franklin’s contributions and ideas significantly encouraged major progress in the development our country and improvements that continue to affect society. He showed that with a strong desire and honest and hard work anything is possible. Unlike most politicians, he was a common person. He is also a hero in that he symbolizes hope and possibilities for many Americans. However, Franklin was not a perfect human being, and for that reason, some believe that his face should not grace the $100 bill. His legacy is undeniably a major part in our history and as one of the key “founding fathers” to our society; the fact reminds Benjamin Franklin is distinct figure in our history. I will present my argument in favor of keeping Franklin on the bill.
In Jihad vs. McWorld, Benjamin Barber puts forth two opposing extremes of ideology, Jihad and McWorld. Jihad consists of religious fundamentalists trying to force their views onto all others. On the other end of the spectrum is McWorld based on capitalistic principals. Each of these ideologies challenge the way of democracy. In their differences they are similar. McWorld tries to sell products; Jihad tries to sell their beliefs and ideas. Part 1 of Jihad vs. McWorld introduces McWorld, its way of thinking and affect on democracy. Democracy is supposed to serve the public interest. The corporations of McWorld care about one thing, profit. Every decision is based from an economic standpoint. The McWorld question is, what will be the monetary gain, not what is best for the public. In McWorld everything commoditized. If a profit can not be made then there is no need. In McWorld we live in a pseudo democracy. Under McWorld, democracy is redefined as consumer choices, thousands of products to choose from. The term citizen is replaced with consumer.
An examination of the Jihad’s etymological context will lend a keener insight into why the word is often associated with violence. Pre-Islamic Arabia was populated with tribes that often engaged in civil warfare because it was the tradition and norm to settle disputes violently rather than through peaceful means. Commenting on this, Asghar Engineer, a learned western Muslim wrote:
14?Narli, Nilufer. ?The Rise of the Islamist Movement in Turkey.? Middle East Review of International
Burns, Thomas J. "Islam." Religion and Society. OU Campus' Dale Hall, Norman. 14 Apr. 2014. Lecture.
Robinson B.A. 1 Mar 2000 (last update), Islam, Hp. Online. Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance. Available:
Robinson, B.A. (2002, October 14). Islam: Is it a religion of violence or of peace.
Khashan, Hilal. “The New World Order and the Tempo of Militant Islam.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies. Volume 24, Issue 1 (1997. 5), 5-24.
...arly lead to the rivalry of superpowers being replaced by the clash of civilizations. Conversely it then makes it evident that in this particular new world global politics then become the politics of civilizations whereas local politics become the politics of ethnicity (Huntington, 1996).
This theory also heavily relies on the idea that in order to modernize, the country must Westernize and lose their traditional culture. It is then proposed that although in present day many societies are modern, its does not mean they are all the same.
Due to the presence of natural resources a country may be subjected to Geopolitical fights and
countries’ resources are only a few examples of US foreign policy. The US does so much